1 Samuelchapter 31
13 verses · BSB1 Samuel book hub →
The Death of Saul, Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Original Language
1 Samuel 31— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Gilboa: Saul and his sons fall1
1 Samuel 31:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםufelishtimand [the] PhilistinesH6430נִלְחָמִ֣יםnilchamim[were] fightingH3898בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לbeyisraelagainst IsraelH3478וַיָּנֻ֜סוּvaiyanusuand they fledH5127אַנְשֵׁ֤יʾanshei[the] men ofH582יִשְׂרָאֵל֙yisraelIsraelH3478מִפְּנֵ֣יmipeneifrom beforeH6440פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וַיִּפְּל֥וּvaiyipeluand they fellH5307חֲלָלִ֖יםchalalimslainH2491בְּהַ֥רbeharon [the] mountain ofH2022הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃hagilboa'<the> GilboaH1533
Rashi on I Samuel 31:1
The Philistines were battling with Yisroel. As a person saying, 'Let us go back to the earlier topic.'
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 31:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּvaiyadbekuand they pursued closelyH1692פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853בָּנָ֑יוbanavsons hisH1121וַיַּכּ֣וּvaiyakuand they struck downH5221פְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יְהוֹנָתָ֧ןyehonatanJonathanH3083וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853אֲבִינָדָ֛בʾavinadavAbinadabH41וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853מַלְכִּי־malki-Malki-H4444שׁ֖וּעַshua'ShuaH4444בְּנֵ֥יbenei[the] sons ofH1121שָׁאֽוּל׃shaulSaulH7586
1 Samuel 31:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַתִּכְבַּ֤דvatikhbadand it was heavyH3513הַמִּלְחָמָה֙hamilchamahthe battleH4421אֶל־ʾel-againstH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיִּמְצָאֻ֥הוּvaiyimtzauhuand they found himH4672הַמּוֹרִ֖יםhamorimthe archersH3384אֲנָשִׁ֣יםʾanashimmenH582בַּקָּ֑שֶׁתbakashetwith the bowH7198וַיָּ֥חֶלvaiyacheland he was in severe painH2342מְאֹ֖דmeodexceedinglyH3966מֵהַמּוֹרִֽים׃mehamorimfrom the archersH3384
1 Samuel 31:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁאוּל֩shaulSaulH7586לְנֹשֵׂ֨אlenose'to [the] bearer ofH5375כֵלָ֜יוkhelavarmor hisH3627שְׁלֹ֥ףshelofdraw outH8025חַרְבְּךָ֣׀charbekhasword yourH2719וְדָקְרֵ֣נִיvedakereniand pierce through meH1856בָ֗הּvahwith <the> itפֶּן־pen-lestH6435יָ֠בוֹאוּyavouthey should comeH935הָעֲרֵלִ֨יםhaarelimthe uncircumcised [men]H6189הָאֵ֤לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428וּדְקָרֻ֙נִי֙udekaruniand they will pierce through meH1856וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־vehitalelu-and they will deal wantonlyH5953בִ֔יviwith <the> meוְלֹ֤אvelo'and notH3808אָבָה֙ʾavahhe was willingH14נֹשֵׂ֣אnose'[the] bearer ofH5375כֵלָ֔יוkhelavarmor hisH3627כִּ֥יkiforH3588יָרֵ֖אyare'he was afraidH3372מְאֹ֑דmeodexceedinglyH3966וַיִּקַּ֤חvaiyikachand he tookH3947שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַחֶ֔רֶבhacherevthe swordH2719וַיִּפֹּ֖לvaiyipoland he fellH5307עָלֶֽיהָ׃ʾaleihaon itH5921
1 Samuel 31:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּ֥רְאvaiyar'and he sawH7200נֹשֵֽׂא־nose'-[the] bearer ofH5375כֵלָ֖יוkhelavarmor hisH3627כִּ֣יkithatH3588מֵ֣תmethe had diedH4191שָׁא֑וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיִּפֹּ֥לvaiyipoland he fellH5307גַּם־gam-alsoH1571ה֛וּאhu'heH1931עַל־ʾal-onH5921חַרְבּ֖וֹcharbosword hisH2719וַיָּ֥מָתvaiyamotand he diedH4191עִמּֽוֹ׃imowith himH5973
1 Samuel 31:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֣מָתvaiyamotand he diedH4191שָׁא֡וּלshaulSaulH7586וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתusheloshetand [the] threeH7969בָּנָיו֩banavsons hisH1121וְנֹשֵׂ֨אvenose'and [the] bearer ofH5375כֵלָ֜יוkhelavarmor hisH3627גַּ֧םgamalsoH1571כָּל־kol-allH3605אֲנָשָׁ֛יוʾanashavmen hisH582בַּיּ֥וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַה֖וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931יַחְדָּֽו׃yachdavtogetherH3162
1 Samuel 31:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּרְא֣וּvaiyiruand they sawH7200אַנְשֵֽׁי־ʾanshei-[the] men ofH582יִ֠שְׂרָאֵלyisraelIsraelH3478אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whoH834בְּעֵ֨בֶרbeever[were] on [the] other side ofH5676הָעֵ֜מֶקhaemekthe valleyH6010וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר׀vaasherand whoH834בְּעֵ֣בֶרbeever[were] on [the] other side ofH5676הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383כִּֽי־ki-thatH3588נָ֙סוּ֙nasuthey had fledH5127אַנְשֵׁ֣יʾanshei[the] men ofH582יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyisraelIsraelH3478וְכִי־vekhi-and thatH3588מֵ֖תוּmetuthey had diedH4191שָׁא֣וּלshaulSaulH7586וּבָנָ֑יוuvanavand sons hisH1121וַיַּעַזְב֤וּvaiyaazvuand they abandonedH5800אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הֶֽעָרִים֙hearimthe citiesH5892וַיָּנֻ֔סוּvaiyanusuand they fledH5127וַיָּבֹ֣אוּvaiyavouand they cameH935פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּvaiyeshevuand they dweltH3427בָּהֶֽן׃ סbahenin <the> them
Fastened to the wall, and the men of Jabesh come by night8
1 Samuel 31:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַֽיְהִי֙vayhiand it wasH1961מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תmimochoratfrom [the] next dayH4283וַיָּבֹ֣אוּvaiyavouand they cameH935פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430לְפַשֵּׁ֖טlefashetto stripH6584אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַחֲלָלִ֑יםhachalalimthe [ones] slainH2491וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּvaiyimtzeuand they foundH4672אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתsheloshet[the] threeH7969בָּנָ֔יוbanavsons hisH1121נֹפְלִ֖יםnofelimfallenH5307בְּהַ֥רbeharon [the] mountain ofH2022הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃hagilboa'<the> GilboaH1533
1 Samuel 31:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ֙vaiyikhretuand they cut offH3772אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853רֹאשׁ֔וֹroshohead hisH7218וַיַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּvaiyafshituand they stripped offH6584אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853כֵּלָ֑יוkelavarmor hisH3627וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּvayshalechuand they sentH7971בְאֶֽרֶץ־veeretz-in [the] land ofH776פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜יםpelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430סָבִ֗יבsavivall aroundH5439לְבַשֵּׂ֛רlevaserto bear [the] newsH1319בֵּ֥יתbeit[the] house ofH1004עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖םʾatzabeihemidols theirH6091וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853הָעָֽם׃haamthe peopleH5971
1 Samuel 31:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּשִׂ֙מוּ֙vaiyasimuand they putH7760אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853כֵּלָ֔יוkelavarmor hisH3627בֵּ֖יתbeit[the] house ofH1004עַשְׁתָּר֑וֹתashtarotAshtarothH6252וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853גְּוִיָּתוֹ֙geviyatocorpse hisH1472תָּקְע֔וּtakeuthey fixedH8628בְּחוֹמַ֖תbechomaton [the] wall ofH2346בֵּ֥יתbeitBethH1052שָֽׁן׃shanShanH1052
1 Samuel 31:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּvaiyishmeuand they heardH8085אֵלָ֔יוʾelavconcerning himH413יֹשְׁבֵ֖יyoshevei[the] inhabitants ofH3427יָבֵ֣ישׁyaveishJabeshH3003גִּלְעָ֑דgiladGileadH1568אֵ֛תʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-[that] whichH834עָשׂ֥וּʾasuthey had doneH6213פְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430לְשָׁאֽוּל׃leshaulto SaulH7586
Rashi on I Samuel 31:11
About him. Meaning the same as עָלָיו [about him], i.e., about Shaul.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 31:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּק֜וּמוּvaiyakumuand they aroseH6965כָּל־kol-everyH3605אִ֣ישׁʾishman ofH376חַיִל֮chayilstrengthH2428וַיֵּלְכ֣וּvaiyelekhuand they wentH1980כָל־khol-allH3605הַלַּיְלָה֒halaylahthe nightH3915וַיִּקְח֞וּvaiyikchuand they tookH3947אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853גְּוִיַּ֣תgeviyat[the] corpse ofH1472שָׁא֗וּלshaulSaulH7586וְאֵת֙veetand <obj.>H853גְּוִיֹּ֣תgeviyot[the] corpses ofH1472בָּנָ֔יוbanavsons hisH1121מֵחוֹמַ֖תmechomatfrom [the] wall ofH2346בֵּ֣יתbeitBethH1052שָׁ֑ןshanShanH1052וַיָּבֹ֣אוּvaiyavouand they wentH935יָבֵ֔שָׁהyaveshahJabesh towardsH3003וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּvaiyisrefuand they burnedH8313אֹתָ֖םʾotam<obj.> themH853שָֽׁם׃shamthereH8033
Rashi on I Samuel 31:12
And burned them there. [Targum renders,] "And they burned for them. I.e., they burned incense to cover the odor and prevent the decay of the bodies.—Radak as they burn for the kings there.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 31:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקְחוּ֙vaiyikchuand they tookH3947אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עַצְמֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔םʾatzmoteihembones theirH6106וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּvaiyikberuand they buried [them]H6912תַֽחַת־tachat-underH8478הָאֶ֖שֶׁלhaeshelthe tamarisk treeH815בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁהbeyaveshahat Jabesh <towards>H3003וַיָּצֻ֖מוּvaiyatzumuand they fastedH6684שִׁבְעַ֥תshivatsevenH7651יָמִֽים׃ פyamimdaysH3117