Explicit NT
Genesis 1:27 Romans 5:14
Paul literally names Adam 'a typos of the one to come'.
Escalation: The first Adam brought death to all; the last Adam brings life to all (1 Cor 15:22,45).
Rom 5:14; 1 Cor 15:45
Types of Christ
The master typology index — 118 persons, events, institutions, and objects the Old Testament patterns toward Christ, every entry labeled by its warrant: the New Testament's own explicit claim, or the named tradition that drew it.
The Old was built forward.
The pointThe New Testament claims the Old was built forward toward Christ — persons, events, institutions, and objects patterned toward the One they prefigure. This index catalogues those claims, warrant first.
Framework
What a type is
Typology reads persons, events, institutions, and objects of the Old Testament as divinely intended prefigurations — types (Greek typos, "stamp, pattern") — of realities fulfilled and surpassed in Christ — antitypes (antitypon). It is the Bible's own way of connecting itself: the New Testament does not merely quote the Old, it claims the Old was built forward. Paul literally names Adam "a typos of the one to come" (Rom 5:14); Peter calls baptism the antitypon of the flood (1 Pet 3:21); Hebrews calls the law "a shadow (skia) of the good things to come" (Heb 10:1).
Two things distinguish a type from a mere echo. First, direction and escalation: every type runs Old Testament → New, and the antitype exceeds the type — looking at the bronze serpent healed the body; looking to the Son gives eternal life. Escalation is a first-class field on every card below, not a footnote. Second, a type is a thing that happened patterned toward a thing that happens — which is why this index is kept distinct from the Messianic Prophecy ledger (verbal prediction → event) and cross-linked rather than blurred.
Framework summary drawn from the atlas typology brief (lens 21, Discovery Wave 2026-07-21); classic definition per Fairbairn, The Typology of Scripture (1845–47, public domain).
Warrant — the honesty control
Every entry in this index carries one of two labels, and the two are never blurred. Explicit NT (scarlet insignia): the New Testament text itself draws the link — Romans calls Adam a type; Hebrews calls the sanctuary a copy and shadow. Traditional (verdigris insignia): the link is drawn by the later interpretive tradition — Joseph as the rejected-then-exalted deliverer, David felling Goliath — and every such entry names its public-domain witness (Fairbairn, Jukes, Habershon, Edwards, Moorehead) visibly on the card.
Entries the atlas ledger flags as extended or allegorizing do not mix with the confident rows at all — they live behind a contested door in each group, present and attributed, not adjudicated. Nothing in this index auto-published: the catalog is the atlas research ledger rendered openly, and the curated connections built from it enter MannaFest only through the founder's approval queue.
Source: atlas lens 21 brief — the warrant field doctrine (Marsh vs. Fairbairn/Goppelt, steelmanned in the contested drawer at the foot of this page).
- 118types cataloguedatlas lens 21
- 69explicit NT warrantthe NT draws the link itself
- 49traditional warrantdrawn by the interpretive tradition
- 71published connectionslive from the curated store
Warrant is the honesty control: an explicit-NT entry is a claim the New Testament text itself makes (Rom 5:14; 1 Pet 3:21); a traditional entry is drawn by the later interpretive tradition and always names its public-domain witness. The two are never blurred. — atlas lens 21, Discovery Wave 2026-07-21.
Persons
Persons — 21 catalogued
Adam, Melchizedek, Joseph, Jonah — lives whose shape points forward.
Explicit NT
Genesis 4:10 Hebrews 12:24
Hebrews contrasts Christ's blood as better than Abel's.
Escalation: Abel's blood cried for justice; Christ's blood speaks better things.
Heb 12:24
Explicit NT
Genesis 14:18 Hebrews 7:17
Hebrews builds Christ's priesthood 'after the order of Melchizedek'.
Escalation: A king-priest without recorded genealogy prefigures Christ's endless priesthood.
Genesis 14:18Hebrews 7:17typos
Heb 7:1-17; Ps 110:4
Explicit NT
Genesis 16:15 Galatians 4:24
Paul: 'which things are allegorized' as two covenants.
Escalation: Hagar/Sarah are the two covenants: slavery vs. freedom.
Genesis 16:15Galatians 4:24allegoreo
Gal 4:22-26
Explicit NT
Genesis 21:2 Galatians 4:26
Paul maps Sarah to the free Jerusalem.
Escalation: Sarah the free woman answers to 'the Jerusalem above, our mother'.
Genesis 21:2Galatians 4:26allegoreo
Gal 4:26
Explicit NT
Genesis 21:12 Galatians 4:28
'We, like Isaac, are children of promise'.
Escalation: Isaac the child of promise prefigures believers born by promise.
Gal 4:28
Traditional
Genesis 37:28 Acts 7:9
The rejection-then-deliverance pattern; Stephen recounts it climactically.
Escalation: Joseph rejected, sold, and exalted to save his brothers prefigures Christ.
Fairbairn 1845; Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Genesis 41:40 Philippians 2:9
The humiliation-to-exaltation arc mirrors Phil 2.
Escalation: Joseph exalted over Egypt to be honored prefigures the exalted, highly-honored Christ.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Exodus 28:1 Hebrews 5:4
Hebrews compares Christ's call to Aaron's.
Escalation: Aaron's called high-priesthood foreshadows Christ's appointed priesthood.
Heb 5:4-5
Explicit NT
Deuteronomy 18:15 Acts 3:22
Peter and Stephen apply 'a prophet like me' to Christ.
Escalation: Moses the prophet-mediator prefigures the final Prophet.
Acts 3:22-23; 7:37
Explicit NT
Joshua 1:2 Hebrews 4:8
Hebrews argues Joshua's rest left another rest remaining.
Escalation: Joshua's rest in Canaan was incomplete; Jesus gives the true rest.
Heb 4:8-9
Traditional
Ruth 1:16 Ephesians 2:13
The Gentile bride joined to the covenant people.
Escalation: Ruth the Moabite grafted into Israel prefigures the Gentiles brought near.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Ruth 4:9 Ephesians 1:7
The goel who redeems the estate and the widow.
Escalation: Boaz the kinsman-redeemer who buys and weds Ruth prefigures Christ redeeming his bride.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
2 Samuel 7:14 Hebrews 1:5
Hebrews applies 'I will be to him a Father' to Christ.
Escalation: Solomon as God's 'son' foreshadows the true Son to whom the promise ultimately applies.
2 Sam 7:14; Heb 1:5
Explicit NT
1 Kings 10:1 Matthew 12:42
Jesus names himself greater than Solomon.
Escalation: Solomon's wisdom drew the queen; a greater wisdom is here.
Matt 12:42
Explicit NT
Psalms 16:10 Acts 2:31
Peter argues David spoke of Christ's resurrection, not his own body.
Escalation: David's confidence not to see corruption is fulfilled in the one who was not left in the grave.
Ps 16:10; Acts 2:29-31
Explicit NT
Psalms 110:1 Matthew 22:44
Jesus applies 'The LORD said to my Lord' to himself.
Escalation: David the king foreshadows the greater Son who is also David's Lord.
Matt 22:44; Acts 2:34
Explicit NT
Isaiah 53:7 Acts 8:32
The Ethiopian reads Isa 53; Philip 'preached Jesus' from it.
Escalation: The silent suffering lamb is identified by Philip as Jesus.
Isa 53:7-8; Acts 8:32-35
Explicit NT
Ezekiel 34:23 John 10:11
Jesus claims the one-shepherd promise as his own.
Escalation: The promised David-shepherd is fulfilled in the Good Shepherd who dies.
John 10:11-16; Ezek 34:23
Explicit NT
Jonah 3:5 Matthew 12:41
Jesus contrasts himself as the greater Jonah.
Escalation: Nineveh repented at Jonah; a greater than Jonah is here.
Matt 12:41
Explicit NT
Malachi 4:5 Matthew 11:14
Jesus says of John, 'he is Elijah who is to come'.
Escalation: Elijah's restoring ministry recurs in John the Baptist.
Matt 11:14; 17:12
◈Extended and allegorizing persons readings — 5 entriescontested · traditional, extended
These entries are flagged contested in the atlas ledger — readings the tradition loved but the text does not warrant on its own. Present, attributed, not adjudicated.
Genesis 5:24 1 Thessalonians 4:17 — Translation-before-judgment read as a rapture type.
Witness: dispensational tradition; Habershon 1898 · Gen 5:24; Heb 11:5; 1 Thess 4:17
Genesis 24:4 Revelation 19:7 — The betrothal errand read figurally; Fairbairn flags it as an extended (careful) type.
Witness: Fairbairn 1845 · Gen 24; Rev 19:7; Fairbairn (1845)
Judges 16:30 Colossians 2:15 — The deliverer conquering by dying.
Witness: Edwards (Types of the Messiah) · Judg 16:30; Col 2:15; Edwards, Types of the Messiah
Hosea 2:23 Romans 9:25 — Paul reads Hosea's restored Israel as the pattern of Gentile inclusion.
Hos 2:23; Rom 9:25-26
Hosea 11:1 Matthew 2:15 — Matthew reads the corporate son-from-Egypt as fulfilled in Jesus.
Matt 2:15; Hos 11:1
Events
Events — 28 catalogued
The flood, the exodus, the serpent lifted up — things that happened, patterned toward a thing that happens.
Explicit NT
Genesis 1:3 2 Corinthians 4:6
Paul: the God who said 'let light shine' shone in our hearts.
Escalation: Creation-light foreshadows the new-creation light of the gospel.
2 Cor 4:6
Explicit NT
Genesis 3:13 2 Corinthians 11:3
Paul invokes the serpent-Eve deception as a live warning.
Escalation: The serpent's deceiving of Eve patterns the church's danger.
Genesis 3:132 Corinthians 11:3
2 Cor 11:3
Traditional
Genesis 3:15 Romans 16:20
The protoevangelium's head-bruising echoed in Rom 16:20.
Escalation: The crushing of the serpent's head by the woman's seed reaches its fulfillment as God crushes Satan under believers' feet.
Fairbairn 1845 (NT echo)· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Genesis 4:4 Hebrews 11:4
The firstling offering that pleased God by blood; Heb 11:4 commends it.
Escalation: Abel's accepted blood-sacrifice prefigures the acceptable sacrifice of Christ.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Genesis 7:7 1 Peter 3:21
1 Peter calls baptism the antitypon of the flood.
Escalation: Water that judged the world now saves through baptism into Christ.
Genesis 7:71 Peter 3:21antitypon
1 Pet 3:20-21
Explicit NT
Genesis 19:24 Luke 17:28
'Likewise as it was in the days of Lot...'
Escalation: The days of Lot pattern judgment falling amid ordinary life.
Luke 17:28-30
Explicit NT
Genesis 21:9 Galatians 4:29
Paul reads the mocking as the type of ongoing persecution.
Escalation: Ishmael persecuting Isaac patterns flesh persecuting spirit.
Gal 4:29
Traditional
Genesis 22:2 Romans 8:32
Rom 8:32 echoes Gen 22:16 LXX ('you have not spared'); Hays: volume, recurrence, satisfaction high.
Escalation: Abraham spared not his only son; God spared not his own Son.
Fairbairn 1845; NT allusion (Hays criteria)· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Genesis 22:12 Hebrews 11:19
Hebrews says Abraham received Isaac back en parabole (as a figure).
Escalation: Isaac received back 'in a figure' foreshadows true resurrection.
Genesis 22:12Hebrews 11:19parabole
Heb 11:17-19
Traditional
Genesis 45:4 Acts 7:13
Recognition at the 'second time' (Acts 7:13); reconciliation of the rejecters.
Escalation: Joseph revealing himself to the brothers who betrayed him prefigures Christ received at his second appearing.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Exodus 14:22 1 Corinthians 10:2
Paul: all baptized into Moses in the cloud and sea, as typoi.
Escalation: The sea-passage into freedom is baptism 'into Moses' pointing to Christ.
Exodus 14:221 Corinthians 10:2typos
1 Cor 10:1-2,6
Explicit NT
Exodus 16:4 1 Corinthians 10:3
Paul calls the manna spiritual food within the typoi passage.
Escalation: Manna was 'spiritual food' foreshadowing Christ.
Exodus 16:41 Corinthians 10:3typos
1 Cor 10:3,6
Explicit NT
Exodus 16:15 John 6:51
'I am the living bread' answers the wilderness manna.
Escalation: Manna sustained a day; Christ the living bread gives eternal life.
John 6:31-51
Explicit NT
Exodus 16:31 John 6:31
The crowd cites the manna; Jesus corrects them to himself as the true bread.
Escalation: The daily manna 'bread from heaven' is surpassed by the true bread from heaven.
John 6:31-33; Exod 16:31
Explicit NT
Numbers 11:4 1 Corinthians 10:6
'These things happened as typoi for us... written for our admonition.'
Escalation: Israel's craving and fall warn the church against the same.
Numbers 11:41 Corinthians 10:6typos
1 Cor 10:6,11
Traditional
Numbers 20:11 John 19:34
The struck rock and the pierced side; extends the explicit 1 Cor 10:4 rock-type.
Escalation: The smitten rock pouring water prefigures the pierced Christ from whom blood and water flow.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Numbers 21:9 John 3:14
'As Moses lifted up the serpent... so must the Son of Man be lifted up.'
Escalation: Looking healed the body; believing gives eternal life.
John 3:14-15
Traditional
Joshua 3:17 Colossians 1:12
Passage through the waters into the promised possession.
Escalation: Crossing Jordan into the inheritance prefigures the saints' entry into their inheritance in Christ.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Joshua 6:20 Hebrews 11:30
Hebrews cites Jericho as a faith-victory paradigm.
Escalation: Jericho's walls falling by faith prefigures victory won by faith, not force.
ISBE (Moorehead, 1915)· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
1 Samuel 17:50 Hebrews 2:14
The single champion defeating the enemy on the people's behalf.
Escalation: David felling Goliath for a helpless Israel prefigures Christ destroying the devil.
Edwards (Types of the Messiah)· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
1 Kings 17:21 John 11:43
The prophet restoring a dead child to life.
Escalation: Elijah raising the widow's son prefigures Christ the resurrection and the life.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
2 Kings 2:11 Acts 1:9
Bodily ascent to heaven; the mantle/Spirit passed on.
Escalation: Elijah taken up in the whirlwind prefigures Christ's ascension.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
2 Kings 4:42 Matthew 14:19
The multiplied loaves with a remainder.
Escalation: Elisha feeding a hundred with twenty loaves prefigures Christ feeding thousands.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Psalms 22:18 John 19:24
John cites Ps 22:18 fulfilled; the whole lament's arc is typological.
Escalation: David's garments parted foreshadow the soldiers casting lots at the cross.
Ps 22:18; John 19:24
Explicit NT
Jonah 1:17 Matthew 12:40
'The sign of Jonah' = three days in the heart of the earth.
Escalation: Jonah delivered from the fish; Christ raised from the grave.
Matt 12:39-40; Luke 11:29-30
Explicit NT
Jonah 2:10 Matthew 12:40
The deliverance from the deep on the third day is the sign Jesus names.
Escalation: Jonah cast up alive on the third day prefigures the resurrection.
Jon 2:10; Matt 12:40
Traditional
Zechariah 3:1 Revelation 19:8
Filthy garments removed and rich robes given; justification pictured.
Escalation: Joshua the high priest re-clothed in clean garments prefigures the saints given clean robes.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Luke 17:26 Genesis 7:7
'As it was in the days of Noah, so shall it be...'
Escalation: The days of Noah pattern the suddenness of the Son of Man's coming.
Luke 17:26-27; Matt 24:37
◈Extended and allegorizing events readings — 4 entriescontested · traditional, extended
These entries are flagged contested in the atlas ledger — readings the tradition loved but the text does not warrant on its own. Present, attributed, not adjudicated.
Genesis 3:21 Isaiah 61:10 — God clothes fallen humanity by a slain substitute.
Witness: Edwards (Images of Divine Things) · Gen 3:21; Isa 61:10; Edwards, Images of Divine Things
Exodus 3:2 Colossians 2:9 — Fire indwelling the bush read of the incarnation.
Witness: Edwards (Images of Divine Things) · Exod 3:2; Col 2:9; Edwards, Images of Divine Things
Exodus 17:11 Hebrews 7:25 — Victory sustained by the mediator's raised hands.
Witness: Edwards (Types of the Messiah) · Exod 17:11-13; Heb 7:25; Edwards, Types of the Messiah
Daniel 3:25 Isaiah 43:2 — The divine companion in the flames; 'when you walk through the fire'.
Witness: Habershon 1898 · Dan 3:25; Isa 43:2; Habershon (1898)
Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples: and they are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come.Paul's own word for the wilderness events is typikōs — 'by way of type.' The index below is built on that sentence.
The masters
Four types, four canvases
Baroque court painters, a French engraver, and a watercolorist each staged one class of the constellation — a person, an event, an institution, an object.
The Meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek — Peter Paul Rubens, c. 1626: the priest-king with bread and wine (Gen 14:18), the person-type Hebrews 7 names 'made like unto the Son of God.'
Jonah Is Spewed Forth by the Whale — Gustave Doré, 1866: three days and nights in the fish (Jonah 1:17), the event-sign Jesus claims for himself in Matthew 12:40.
The Signs on the Door — James Tissot, c. 1896–1902: the Passover blood on the lintel (Ex 12:7), the institution Paul names outright — 'Christ our passover' (1 Cor 5:7).
The Jews Gathering the Manna in the Desert — Nicolas Poussin, 1637–39 (Louvre): the bread from heaven (Ex 16), the object-type John 6 escalates into 'the true bread.'
Institutions
Institutions — 33 catalogued
Passover, the priesthood, the sacrifices, the sabbath — standing ordinances the letter to the Hebrews calls shadows.
Explicit NT
Genesis 2:24 Ephesians 5:32
Paul cites Gen 2:24 and calls it a mystery 'concerning Christ and the church'.
Escalation: The one-flesh union foreshadows the greater union of Christ and the church.
Genesis 2:24Ephesians 5:32mysterion
Eph 5:31-32
Explicit NT
Genesis 14:20 Hebrews 7:4
Hebrews argues the Melchizedek priesthood's superiority from the tithe.
Escalation: Abraham's tithe to Melchizedek shows the greater priesthood to which Christ belongs.
Gen 14:20; Heb 7:4-10
Explicit NT
Genesis 17:10 Colossians 2:11
'The circumcision of Christ' fulfills the sign.
Escalation: Physical circumcision prefigures the heart-circumcision of Christ in baptism.
Col 2:11-12
Explicit NT
Exodus 12:6 1 Corinthians 5:7
'Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us.'
Escalation: The lamb's blood spared households; Christ's blood redeems the world.
1 Cor 5:7
Explicit NT
Exodus 12:13 Hebrews 12:23
Hebrews names the assembly of the firstborn ones.
Escalation: The spared firstborn prefigures 'the church of the firstborn' enrolled in heaven.
Heb 12:23
Explicit NT
Exodus 12:15 1 Corinthians 5:8
Paul reads Unleavened Bread as purging the old leaven.
Escalation: Removing leaven prefigures purging malice for the feast in Christ.
1 Cor 5:6-8
Explicit NT
Exodus 12:22 Hebrews 11:28
Hebrews names 'the sprinkling of blood' of Passover as faith's act.
Escalation: The blood applied to the doorposts prefigures the applied blood of Christ that averts the destroyer.
Exod 12:22-23; Heb 11:28
Explicit NT
Exodus 19:6 1 Peter 2:9
Peter applies the Sinai vocation directly to the church.
Escalation: Israel called a kingdom of priests is fulfilled in the church as a royal priesthood.
Exod 19:6; 1 Pet 2:9
Explicit NT
Exodus 20:10 Hebrews 4:9
Hebrews' gezerah-shavah of Ps 95:11 and Gen 2:2 yields the remaining rest.
Escalation: The weekly sabbath prefigures the abiding sabbath-rest for God's people.
Heb 4:1-11
Explicit NT
Exodus 24:8 Hebrews 9:20
Hebrews quotes 'the blood of the covenant' as the shadow of Christ's.
Escalation: The blood of the old covenant prefigures the blood of the new covenant Christ inaugurates.
Exod 24:8; Heb 9:18-20; Matt 26:28
Explicit NT
Exodus 25:9 Hebrews 8:5
The tabernacle is 'a copy and shadow (hypodeigma kai skia) of the heavenly'.
Escalation: The earthly tent is a copy; the heavenly true tent is the reality.
Exodus 25:9Hebrews 8:5hypodeigma
Heb 8:5
Traditional
Exodus 29:38 John 1:29
The continual burnt lamb of Israel's worship.
Escalation: The daily lamb offered morning and evening prefigures 'the Lamb of God' offered once for all.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Leviticus 1:3 Hebrews 10:1
'The law has a shadow (skia) of the good things to come.'
Escalation: The repeated sacrifices are a shadow; Christ's one offering the substance.
Heb 10:1
Traditional
Leviticus 1:3 Hebrews 10:10
The offering given entirely to God; 'a sweet savor'.
Escalation: The burnt offering wholly consumed prefigures Christ's whole self-offering.
Jukes 1854· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Leviticus 2:1 John 6:51
Unblemished flour, oil, no leaven; the perfect human offering.
Escalation: The grain offering of fine flour prefigures the sinless perfection of Christ's life.
Jukes 1854· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Leviticus 3:1 Ephesians 2:14
A meal of communion following atonement.
Escalation: The peace offering shared before God prefigures the peace and fellowship secured in Christ.
Jukes 1854· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Leviticus 4:3 2 Corinthians 5:21
The animal charged with the offerer's sin and slain.
Escalation: The sin offering bearing guilt prefigures Christ 'made sin for us'.
Leviticus 4:32 Corinthians 5:21
Jukes 1854· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Leviticus 5:15 Isaiah 53:10
Reparation plus a fifth; 'his soul an offering for guilt' (Isa 53:10).
Escalation: The guilt/trespass offering making restitution prefigures Christ satisfying for debt.
Jukes 1854· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Leviticus 14:4 Romans 4:25
One bird killed, the live bird dipped in its blood and set free.
Escalation: The two birds of the leper's cleansing, one slain and one released, prefigure death and resurrection.
Jukes 1854· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Leviticus 16:8 Hebrews 9:28
Hebrews reads the Atonement ritual as fulfilled in Christ's one sacrifice bearing sins.
Escalation: The two goats, one slain and one bearing sin away, together prefigure Christ who dies and removes sin.
Lev 16:8-22; Heb 9:26-28
Explicit NT
Leviticus 16:15 Hebrews 9:12
Hebrews reads the Day of Atonement as fulfilled in Christ's entry to heaven.
Escalation: The high priest entered yearly with blood of goats; Christ once with his own.
Heb 9:7-12
Explicit NT
Leviticus 16:22 Hebrews 13:11
Hebrews links the burned/expelled sin-offering to Christ 'outside the gate'.
Escalation: The scapegoat bore sin outside the camp; Christ suffered outside the gate.
Heb 13:11-12
Explicit NT
Leviticus 17:11 Hebrews 9:22
Hebrews grounds 'without shedding of blood is no remission' on this law.
Escalation: 'The life is in the blood' and atonement by blood is fulfilled in Christ's blood.
Lev 17:11; Heb 9:22
Explicit NT
Leviticus 23:2 Colossians 2:17
Paul reads festivals/new moons/sabbaths as skia of things to come.
Escalation: Feasts and sabbaths are shadow; 'the body is Christ's'.
Leviticus 23:2Colossians 2:17skia
Col 2:16-17
Explicit NT
Leviticus 23:10 1 Corinthians 15:20
'Christ the firstfruits' of those who sleep.
Escalation: The firstfruits sheaf pledges the full harvest of resurrection.
Leviticus 23:101 Corinthians 15:20
1 Cor 15:20,23
Traditional
Leviticus 25:4 Hebrews 4:9
Cyclical God-ordained rest extended to the eschatological rest.
Escalation: The sabbatical-year rest of the land prefigures the sabbath-rest remaining for God's people.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Leviticus 25:10 Luke 4:19
Jesus reads Isa 61 (Jubilee language) as fulfilled in himself.
Escalation: The Jubilee liberty prefigures 'the acceptable year of the Lord' proclaimed by Christ.
Luke 4:18-21; Isa 61:1-2
Explicit NT
Numbers 19:9 Hebrews 9:13
Hebrews names 'the ashes of a heifer' as the shadow of Christ's cleansing.
Escalation: The red heifer's ashes cleansed the flesh; Christ's blood the conscience.
Heb 9:13-14
Traditional
Numbers 35:11 Hebrews 6:18
Heb 6:18 'fled for refuge' alludes to the refuge-city provision.
Escalation: The city of refuge for the manslayer prefigures Christ, to whom we flee for refuge.
Fairbairn 1845 (Heb 6:18 allusion)· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
2 Samuel 7:12 Acts 2:30
Peter reads the Davidic seed-promise as fulfilled in Christ.
Escalation: David's throne is fulfilled in the resurrected Christ enthroned.
Acts 2:29-36
Explicit NT
1 Kings 6:1 John 2:21
'He spoke of the temple of his body.'
Escalation: The temple of stone yields to the temple of Christ's body.
John 2:19-21
Explicit NT
1 Kings 8:11 1 Corinthians 3:16
'You are the temple of God, and the Spirit dwells in you.'
Escalation: The glory-filled temple prefigures the church as God's dwelling.
1 Kings 8:111 Corinthians 3:16
1 Cor 3:16; Eph 2:21
Explicit NT
Psalms 110:4 Hebrews 7:21
The Melchizedek-oath is applied directly to Christ in Hebrews.
Escalation: The oath establishes a permanent priesthood surpassing the Levitical.
Heb 7:20-21
◈Extended and allegorizing institutions readings — 1 entrycontested · traditional, extended
These entries are flagged contested in the atlas ledger — readings the tradition loved but the text does not warrant on its own. Present, attributed, not adjudicated.
Numbers 6:2 Hebrews 7:26 — Voluntary consecration and separation.
Witness: ISBE (Moorehead 1915) · Num 6; Heb 7:26
Objects
Objects — 22 catalogued
The manna, the veil, the mercy seat, the rejected stone — artifacts that carry the pattern.
Traditional
Genesis 6:14 1 Peter 3:20
One door, pitch-sealed, carrying the remnant through the flood (1 Pet warrants the ark-baptism link).
Escalation: The ark as the sole vessel of salvation through judgment prefigures Christ our refuge.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Genesis 22:13 John 1:29
The provided substitute lamb; 'God will provide the lamb' (Gen 22:8).
Escalation: The ram offered instead of Isaac prefigures 'the Lamb of God' who takes our place.
Jukes 1858· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Genesis 28:12 John 1:51
Jesus applies the angels ascending/descending to himself.
Escalation: Jacob's ladder becomes the Son of Man, the true stair to heaven.
John 1:51
Explicit NT
Exodus 12:46 John 19:36
John cites 'not a bone shall be broken' fulfilled at the cross.
Escalation: The unbroken Passover lamb prefigures the crucified Christ.
John 19:36; Exod 12:46
Traditional
Exodus 13:21 1 Corinthians 10:1
Paul notes Israel 'under the cloud' among the typoi.
Escalation: The pillar of cloud and fire guiding Israel prefigures Christ's guiding presence.
Exodus 13:211 Corinthians 10:1
Fairbairn 1845 (NT context of typoi)· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Exodus 16:33 Revelation 2:17
Revelation promises 'the hidden manna' to the victor.
Escalation: The hidden pot of manna prefigures the hidden manna given to overcomers.
Rev 2:17; Exod 16:33
Explicit NT
Exodus 17:6 1 Corinthians 10:4
'That Rock was Christ.'
Escalation: The struck rock gave water; the smitten Christ gives the Spirit.
1 Cor 10:4
Traditional
Exodus 25:10 Hebrews 9:4
The central sanctuary object of God's presence; Heb 9:4 catalogs it.
Escalation: The ark bearing the law and mercy seat prefigures Christ in whom law and mercy meet.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Exodus 25:17 Romans 3:25
Rom 3:25 hilasterion echoes the LXX mercy seat (Heb 9:5).
Escalation: The blood-sprinkled mercy seat prefigures Christ the propitiation.
Rom 3:25; Heb 9:5; Exod 25:17
Traditional
Exodus 25:30 John 6:35
The showbread continually before the LORD.
Escalation: The bread of the Presence prefigures Christ the bread of life set before God.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Exodus 25:31 John 8:12
The sole light source in the sanctuary.
Escalation: The golden lampstand giving light in the holy place prefigures Christ the light of the world.
Jukes 1854; Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Exodus 26:31 Hebrews 10:20
'Through the veil, that is, his flesh.'
Escalation: The barrier veil becomes the torn flesh opening the way.
Heb 10:19-20
Explicit NT
Exodus 26:33 Hebrews 9:24
Hebrews calls the earthly holy places antitypa of the true.
Escalation: The holy places made with hands are antitypes of the true heaven.
Exodus 26:33Hebrews 9:24antitypon
Heb 9:24
Traditional
Exodus 27:1 Hebrews 13:10
The place of atoning sacrifice; 'we have an altar' (Heb 13:10).
Escalation: The bronze altar of burnt offering prefigures the cross where the sacrifice is consumed.
Jukes 1854· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Exodus 28:2 Hebrews 4:14
The consecrated dress of the one who enters for the people.
Escalation: The high priest's garments of glory and beauty prefigure our great high priest.
Fairbairn 1845· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Exodus 28:29 John 17:9
The tribes carried into the holy place upon the priest's heart.
Escalation: The breastplate bearing Israel's names over the heart prefigures Christ bearing his own before the Father.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Exodus 30:1 Hebrews 7:25
Rising incense as the prayers/intercession before God.
Escalation: The altar of incense before the veil prefigures Christ's ceaseless intercession.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Traditional
Exodus 30:18 Titus 3:5
Cleansing required before service in the presence.
Escalation: The bronze laver for priestly washing prefigures the washing of regeneration.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Exodus 34:33 2 Corinthians 3:13
Paul reads Moses' veil as the veil over the old covenant.
Escalation: Moses' veil hid fading glory; Christ unveils abiding glory.
Exodus 34:332 Corinthians 3:13
2 Cor 3:13-16
Traditional
Numbers 17:8 Hebrews 9:4
Life from a dead almond staff; kept in the ark (Heb 9:4).
Escalation: Aaron's rod that budded, dead wood bearing life, prefigures the resurrection that vindicates Christ's priesthood.
Habershon 1898· public-domain witness — see Sources
Explicit NT
Psalms 80:8 John 15:1
'I am the true vine' answers the vine-of-Israel motif.
Escalation: Israel the failing vine yields to Christ the true vine.
John 15:1; Ps 80:8-16
Explicit NT
Psalms 118:22 1 Peter 2:7
NT repeatedly applies the rejected-stone to Christ.
Escalation: The rejected stone becomes the head cornerstone of the new temple-people.
1 Pet 2:6-8; Matt 21:42
◈Extended and allegorizing objects readings — 4 entriescontested · traditional, extended
These entries are flagged contested in the atlas ledger — readings the tradition loved but the text does not warrant on its own. Present, attributed, not adjudicated.
Genesis 9:13 Revelation 4:3 — The covenant sign of mercy after the flood reappears at the throne.
Witness: Edwards (Images of Divine Things) · Gen 9:13; Rev 4:3; Edwards, Images of Divine Things
Genesis 28:18 1 Peter 2:6 — An anointed stone marking God's dwelling.
Witness: Edwards (Images of Divine Things) · Gen 28:18-19; 1 Pet 2:6; Edwards, Images of Divine Things
Exodus 15:25 1 Peter 2:24 — The tree cast into the waters; read figurally as the tree of Calvary.
Witness: Habershon 1898 · Exod 15:25; 1 Pet 2:24; Habershon (1898)
Joshua 2:18 Hebrews 9:22 — The scarlet thread of deliverance; earliest patristic reading.
Witness: 1 Clement 12 (PD); Origen · Josh 2:18-21; Heb 9:22; 1 Clement 12; Origen
◈How far does typology reach? Marsh's minimalism vs. the Fairbairn–Goppelt methodcontested · hermeneutical debate
The restrictive rule. Bishop Herbert Marsh (early 19th c.): only what the New Testament itself names a type may be treated as one — everything else is pious imagination. On this rule the index stops at its 69 explicit entries.
The method-modeling answer. Fairbairn (The Typology of Scripture, 1845–47, PD) and later Goppelt (TYPOS, 1939/1982, cite-only) argue the NT is not exhaustive but exemplary — it models a method (historical correspondence + divine design + escalation) the reader may carefully extend. On this rule the traditional tier is legitimate, provided each entry names its witness and never claims NT authority it does not have.
MannaFest's structure IS the ruling withheld: the two warrant classes are labeled distinctly on every card, and neither is flattened into the other. Sources: atlas lens 21 brief; Glenny, JETS 40/4 (1997, cite-only).
Sources
- Atlas typology ledger — lens 21, Discovery Wave 2026-07-21 (the 118-entry catalog rendered above, verbatim).
- Patrick Fairbairn, The Typology of Scripture, 2 vols. (1845–47, PD).
- Andrew Jukes, The Law of the Offerings (1854, PD); The Types in Genesis (1858, PD).
- Ada R. Habershon, The Study of the Types (1898, PD).
- Jonathan Edwards, Types of the Messiah; Images of Divine Things (18th c., PD).
- W. G. Moorehead, “Type; Typology,” ISBE (1915, PD) — the kind taxonomy.
- Leonhard Goppelt, TYPOS (1939; ET 1982, cite-only); G. K. Beale, Handbook on the NT Use of the OT (2012, cite-only).