Skip to content
mannafest.faith

Hosea 10:12

in Hosea 10

Sow for yourselves righteousness and reap the fruit of loving devotion; break up your unplowed ground. For it is time to seek the LORD until He comes and sends righteousness upon you like rain.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap according to kindness; break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek Jehovah, till he come and rain righteousness upon you.

KJV

Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy; break up your fallow ground: for it is time to seek the Lord, till he come and rain righteousness upon you.

This verse in Hosea 10

Commentary

21 notes on this verse
HOSEA uses a great many figures taken from farming. He describe the seeking of the Lord in the former part of this verse as plowing, and sowing, and breaking up fallow ground. I suppose he intends by this to describe conviction of sin, humiliation of soul as the work that plows, the reception of the Truth of the Gospel by faith in Jesus Christ as sowing, for this introduces the Living Seed into the soul. And he here gives two reasons why this matter of seeking the Lord should be attended to at once. His first reason is the season.

This site's exposition

a well-trained heifer

on Hosea 10:11-13

Ephraim is "a well-trained heifer that loves to thresh", unmuzzled (Deuteronomy 25:4), and now the LORD will "place a yoke on her fair neck". "Sow for yourselves righteousness and reap the fruit of loving devotion" calls Israel to repent while "it is time to seek the LORD".

This site's exposition

break up your unplowed ground

Spurgeon saw Hosea taking his figures from the field. He read the plow that breaks up unplowed ground as conviction of sin, and the sowing as the seed of the gospel received by faith. Henry read the rain of righteousness as the grace the LORD sends on those who sow.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Origen of Alexandria

HOMILIES ON LEVITICUS 6:4.4 · Written before 253.

proposed

Observe how holy and how marvelous is the sequence of things. Do not imagine that wisdom will come before its enactment in deeds. The deeds ought to come first, and wisdom sought afterwards.… We ought not teach others before we ourselves are instructed and rational. After these things, however, "truth" is added because "truth" is the highest wisdom. The prophet also preserves this same order when he says, "Sow for yourselves righteousness and reap the fruit of life; illuminate yourselves with the light of knowledge." See how he does not first say, "Illuminate yourselves with the light of knowledge," but first, "Sow for yourselves righteousness." It is not sufficient just to sow, but he says, "reap the fruit of life" so that after these you can fulfill what follows, "illuminate yourselves with the light of knowledge."

A commentator

Apostolic Constitutions

CONSTITUTIONS OF THE HOLY APOSTLES 2:2.5 · Written before 380.

proposed

Be careful, therefore, O bishop, to study the Word, that you may be able to explain everything exactly and that you may copiously nourish your people with much doctrine and enlighten them with the light of the law. For God says, "Enlighten yourselves with the light of knowledge, while we have yet opportunity."

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Hosea 10:12 · Written before 420.

proposed

"Sow for yourselves according to righteousness, reap according to the merciful act. Cultivate for yourselves a new crop, but require the time of seeking the Lord when He comes to teach you righteousness. Sow for yourselves according to righteousness, reap the fruit of life. Illuminate yourselves with the light of knowledge, for it is time to seek the Lord until the fruits of righteousness come to you." The translation once begun by the farmers is preserved. Ephraim said that he loved the trained heifer for threshing and had gone up to the mountains to plow Judah and break up Jacob's clods or furrows. Now he advises that they plant for themselves through repentance, and sow in justice, that is, in the Law, and they reap in mercy, that is, in the grace of the Gospel. For there we read, "An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth" (Exod. XXI); but here we read, "But I say to you not to resist evil: but if one strike you on thy right cheek, turn to him also the other" (Matt. V, 39). And when you have sown in justice, and reaped in mercy, then renew for yourself joyful gardens. And give reasons for why they sow, why they reap, and why they renew the joyful gardens. "Time," said Christ, our savior, "to seek the Lord, when he comes, who will teach you righteousness," which you now hope for in the law: "For the end of the law is Christ, to righteousness to everyone who does good" (Rom. X). For what we have said, "measure in the mouth of mercy," the Seventy translated, "reap the fruit of life:" and the Messiah is more fitting for the seed, than the vintage: but the fruit of life itself is the tree of life. […]

A commentator

John Cassian

CONFERENCE 14:9.1 · Written before 435.

proposed

Therefore, if you are concerned to attain to the light of spiritual knowledge not by the vice of empty boastfulness but by the grace of correction, you are first inflamed with desire for that blessedness about which it is said, "Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God." [Thus] you may also attain to that about which the angel said to Daniel: "Those who are learned shall shine like the splendor of the firmament, and those who instruct many in righteousness like the stars forever." And in another prophet: "Enlighten yourselves with the light of knowledge while there is time."

A commentator

Basil of Caesarea

ON BAPTISM 2:9 · Written before 379.

proposed

So that we may know clearly what is meant by not having a share in the works which do not bear fruit, let us first inquire as to what sort of actions merit the attribute unfruitful—whether those only that are forbidden or such also are commendable but are not performed in good dispositions. In the Old Testament, the prophet, comparing the saints with the tree, says, "which shall bring forth its fruit in due season."
13 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bernard of Clairvaux

Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 37 · Written before 1153.

proposed

I do not say, however, that knowledge of letters is to be despised or neglected, which adorns the soul and instructs it, and makes it able to instruct others also. But those two things ought and are expedient to come first, in which the preceding …

The Puritans and the Awakening4 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

(2.) If we do our part, God will do his. If we sow to ourselves in righteousness --if we be careful and diligent to do our duty, in a dependence upon his grace--he will shower down his grace upon us, will rain righteousness, the very thing that those need most who are to sow in righteousness; for by the grace of God we are what we are.

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

8 The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us. What the sins are which are here laid to Israel's charge, the national sins which bring down national judgment.

quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — verbatim-run:40w-of-60

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

Reap - And ye shall reap in mercy. Fallow ground - Your hearts are as ground over-run with weeds, which need to be plowed and broken up, that good seed may be sowed in them. And rain - Plentifully pour out the fruits of his goodness and mercy.
Saw to yourselves in righteousness,....

The Nineteenth Century8 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Act righteously and ye shall reap the reward; a reward not of debt, but of grace. in mercy--according to the measure of the divine "mercy," which over and above repays the goodness or "mercy" which we show to our fellow man (Lu 6:38). break . . . fallow ground--Remove your superstitions and vices, and be renewed. seek . . .
FARMERS are now devoting their attention to putting seed into the ground. They know right well that without sowing in the present they cannot expect a reaping in the future. Seedtime has many lessons. That which we shall learn this morning is very personal and practical. Our hearts are like a field and if we let them alone the only crop we shall get will be the natural weeds of the soil together with those tares which the evil spirit is quite sure to scatter whether we sow good seed or not.
FARMERS are now devoting their attention to putting seed into the ground. They know right well that without sowing in the present they cannot expect a reaping in the future. Seedtime has many lessons. That which we shall learn this morning is very personal and practical. Our hearts are like a field and if we let them alone the only crop we shall get will be the natural weeds of the soil together with those tares which the evil spirit is quite sure to scatter whether we sow good seed or not. We are to sow beside all waters, but we must not neglect to sow to ourselves. There is need that we sow good seed in our own gardens, or else it will be of little use to us to have planted and watered others. It is concerning this sowing of the home farm, this seeding of our own peculiar acre, that I shall now speak. May the Spirit of God bless the word. Before I launch into the subject, it may be well to observe that it does not apply to unre-newed hearts. It is in vain to sow unto yourselves till the soil has been prepared by our Father, who is the Farmer. Even Christ's own seed of the Word, pure from His own hands, brings forth no fruit when it falls on unprepared hearts. His ministers are bound to scatter the seed in all places—on the hard rocks, on the highways and among thorns—but still no harvest ever comes till the soil is broken up and made receptive of the Truth of God by the Spirit of God. Our text stands in the midst of a number of agricultural similes and it is preceded by that of plowing. "I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods." Without plowing what is the use of sowing? Some soils need plowing and cross plowing—they are so heavy by nature that in them the kingdom of Heaven suffers violence, and only by mighty ripping of the soil are they saved.
Now, there is a part of our nature which many allow to lie fallow. It is not often that they neglect the clay soil of their outward frame. They dress that field, which is called the body, with sufficient care and, truly, I would not that they should be careless about it, for it is worthy to be kept in due order and culture. Albeit that it is a very secondary part of our nature, yet it is so interwoven with the higher that it is most important that the body should not be neglected.
Now, there is a part of our nature which many allow to lie fallow. It is not often that they neglect the clay soil of their outward frame. They dress that field, which is called the body, with sufficient care and, truly, I would not that they should be careless about it, for it is worthy to be kept in due order and culture. Albeit that it is a very secondary part of our nature, yet it is so interwoven with the higher that it is most important that the body should not be neglected. See you well to that field and, by temperance, cleanliness and obedience to the rules of health, let it be as a garden. Though it is, after all, but dust and ashes, akin to the common earth around us, yet the body is honorable and when Divine Grace has sanctified the soul the body becomes the temple of the Holy Spirit. Few need to be exhorted to pay attention to their bodies. "What shall we eat? What shall we drink and how shall we be clothed?" is a trinity of questions which the majority of mankind spend all their lives in answering. The fault is not that they care for the body, but that it takes an undue share of consideration and usurps a higher place than it can claim. There is a second field in man's self-farm and this is called the mind, or the soul, and there are many who neglect this. These do ill, for, "that the soul is without knowledge, it is not good." There should be, for the mental powers, instruction and discipline. We should seek to know and learn to understand, for we are not as the brutes which perish, which know nothing beyond their daily needs. We have thought and judgment and memory and imagination—these all need to be trained and used. Let the mind be cultivated, by all means, and yet I need not say much upon this, for "culture" has become a kind of watchword with certain professors of religion and with supposed knowledge they are puffed up.
HOSEA uses a great many figures taken from farming. He describe the seeking of the Lord in the former part of this verse as plowing, and sowing, and breaking up fallow ground. I suppose he intends by this to describe conviction of sin, humiliation of soul as the work that plows, the reception of the Truth of the Gospel by faith in Jesus Christ as sowing, for this introduces the Living Seed into the soul. And he here gives two reasons why this matter of seeking the Lord should be attended to at once. His first reason is the season. "It is time to seek the Lord." The second is a very gracious expectation that God will rain righteousness upon us. First, then, the Prophet reasons that we should seek after the Lord because it is— I. THE TIME TO SEEK GOD. "It is time to seek the Lord." I wish you to reflect, first, that we yet have time. It might have been otherwise. We might have been cut down in our sins. Many of our neighbors and acquaintances have died. Some of them, we have reason to fear, died in their iniquities and were taken away with a stroke. We, too, have passed through dangers. Some have escaped in shipwreck. Some have been in imminent peril in accidents—some of us have come into the very jaws of death in serious sickness. We might almost sing, or quite sing— "Lord, and am I yet alive? Not in torment, not in Hell? Still does Your good Spirit strive With the chief of sinners dwell?" We yet have time. Let no person living say he has not time, for while life lasts, hope lasts. The sentence, "Depart, you cursed," is not yet pronounced by Christ's lips on you.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

Sow to yourselves in righteousness - Let the seed you sow be of the best kind, and in just measure. Reap in mercy - By the blessing of God on this ploughing, sowing, and harrowing, you may expect a good crop in harvest. Break up your fallow ground - Do not be satisfied with a slight furrow; let the land that was fallowed (slightly ploughed) be broken up again with a deep furrow.
Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy - Literally, “in the proportion of mercy,” not in proportion to what you have sown, nor what justice would give, but beyond all deserts, “in the proportion of mercy;” i. e., “according to the capacity and fullness of the mercy of God; what becometh the mercy of God, which is boundless,” which overlooketh man’s failings, and giveth an infinite reward for poor imperfect labor. As our Lord says, “Give, and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together and running over, shall men give into your bosom” Luk 6:38. : “If the earth giveth thee larger fruits than it has received, how much more shall the requiting of mercy repay thee manifold more than thou gavest!” Sowing and reaping always stand over against each other, as labor and reward. “He that soweth sparingly shall reap also sparingly; and he which soweth bountifully shall reap also bountifully” 2Co 9:6. And, “whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. For he that soweth to the flesh, shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting. In due season we shall reap, if we faint not” Gal 6:7-9. We are bidden “to sow to ourselves,” for, “our goodness reacheth not to God” Psa 16:2; our’s is the gain, if we love God, the Fountain of all good. This reward, “according to mercy,” is in both worlds. it is in this world also. For “grace well used draws more grace.” God giveth “grace upon grace” Joh 1:16; so that each good deed, the fruit of grace, is the seed-corn of larger grace. “If thou humble thyself, it stimulates thee to humble thyself more. If thou prayest, thou longest to pray more. If thou givest alms, thou wishest to give more.” It is in the world to come. […]

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

Sow righteousness for yourselves But you have plowed wickedness etc.; therefore, a tumult shall rise in your people.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Hosea 10:12:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
you have eaten fruit of lies You have received the retribution for your deeds.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Hosea 10:13:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

18 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • זִרְע֨וּsow

    ziruH2232 →56 times

  • לָכֶ֤ם<for> yourselves

    lakhem

  • לִצְדָקָה֙<to> righteousness

    litzdakahH6666 →

  • קִצְר֣וּreap

    kitzruH7114 →49 times

  • לְפִי־<to> a mouth of

    lefi-H6310 →498 times

  • חֶ֔סֶדloyalty

    chesedH2617 →247 times

  • נִ֥ירוּplow

    niruH5214 →

  • לָכֶ֖ם<for> yourselves

    lakhem

  • נִ֑ירunplowed ground

    nirH5215 →

  • וְעֵת֙and [it is] time

    veetH6256 →296 times

  • לִדְר֣וֹשׁto seek

    lidrooshH1875 →

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • יְהוָ֔הYahweh

    yahwehH3068 →6520 times

  • עַד־until

    ʾad-H5704 →1261 times

  • יָב֕וֹאhe will come

    yavo'H935 →2568 times

  • וְיֹרֶ֥הand he may rain down

    veyorehH3384 →

  • צֶ֖דֶקrighteousness

    tzedekH6664 →

  • לָכֶֽם׃for you

    lakhem

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Isaiah 55:6

    Seek the LORD while He may be found; call on Him while He is near.

    it leads to

    • Jeremiah 29:12–14

      Then you will call upon Me and come and pray to Me, and I will listen to you.

    • Psalms 145:18

      The LORD is near to all who call on Him, to all who call out to Him in truth.

    • Isaiah 45:19

      I have not spoken in secret, from a place in a land of darkness. I did not say to the descendants of Jacob, ‘Seek Me in a wasteland.’ I, the LORD, speak the truth;…

    • Psalms 32:6

      Therefore let all the godly pray to You while You may be found. Surely when great waters rise, they will not come near.

    • Psalms 14:2

      The LORD looks down from heaven upon the sons of men to see if any understand, if any seek God.

  • Through

    James 3:18

    Peacemakers who sow in peace reap the fruit of righteousness.

    it leads to

    • Matthew 5:9

      Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.

    • Philippians 1:11

      filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.

    • Isaiah 32:16–17

      Then justice will inhabit the wilderness, and righteousness will dwell in the fertile field.

Where this verse is studied

About Hosea

This page draws on 15 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Apostolic Constitutions, CONSTITUTIONS OF THE HOLY APOSTLES 2:2.5; Basil of Caesarea, ON BAPTISM 2:9; Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 37; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3557: “An Urgent Necessity” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1261: “Sow To Yourselves” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1563: “The Duty of the Present Hour” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Hosea 10:12; John Cassian, CONFERENCE 14:9.1; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Origen of Alexandria, HOMILIES ON LEVITICUS 6:4.4.