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Ecclesiastes 3:19

in Ecclesiastes 3

For the fates of both men and beasts are the same: As one dies, so dies the other—they all have the same breath. Man has no advantage over the animals, since everything is futile.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; and man hath no preeminence above the beasts: for all is vanity.

KJV

For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast: for all is vanity.

This verse in Ecclesiastes 3

Commentary

17 notes on this verse

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

That which befals the sons of men is no other than that which befals beasts; a great deal of knowledge of human bodies is gained by the anatomy of the bodies of brutes. When the deluge swept away the old world the beasts perished with mankind. Horses and men are killed in battle with the same weapons of war.

This site's exposition

As for the sons of men, God tests them

on Ecclesiastes 3:18-19

The Teacher states God tests them so that they may see for themselves that they are but beasts. The ground is what death shows from ground level: As one dies, so dies the other, for they all have the same breath. Verse 21 goes on to ask about the spirit.

This site's exposition

no advantage over the animals

Jamieson, Fausset and Brown render the opening, men are a mere chance, and hear the wicked, whose unbelief God's delay in judgment brings to light. Didymus the Blind answers with a definition. Man dies like the animals and reasons like the angels.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Olympiodorus of Alexandria

COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 3:19 · Written before 600.

proposed

Ecclesiastes teaches us from this not to attend to our physical needs but to our spiritual existence.

A commentator

Shenoute the Archimandrite

FRAGMENT ON ECCLESIASTES · Written before 465.

proposed

Why did he write, "What advantage does man have over beast?" Perceive now what had happened. Understand now the scorn toward us when he saw that humanity had recognized gods other than the Lord God alone and had not obeyed this utterance, "No foreign god …

A commentator

Didymus the Blind

COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 99:1 · Written before 398.

proposed

Animals are mortal beings without reason, angels are immortal beings with reason, human beings are mortal beings with reason. Regarding mortality the human being is grouped together with beings without reason. Regarding reason [the human being] is grouped together with the immortal beings, since angels …

A commentator

Evagrius Ponticus

SCHOLIA ON ECCLESIASTES 21:3.19-22 · Written before 399.

proposed

By "fate" he means everything that is part of the life of anyone in this world, whether that person is righteous or unrighteous—things such as life, death, sickness, health, affluence, poverty, loss of limbs, of wives, children or possessions. In all these it is impossible …

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ecclesiastes · Written before 420.

proposed

"Then I said to myself concerning men: God has chosen them out, but only to see that they themselves are as beasts. For the fate of men and the fate of beast - they have one and the same fate: as one dies so the other dies, and they all have the same spirit. Man has no superiority over beast, for all is futile. All go to the same place; all originate from dust and return to dust.
9 more voices on this verse

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ecclesiastes · Written before 420.

proposed

"For the fate of men and the fate of beast - they have one and the same fate: as one dies so the other dies, and they all have the same spirit. Man has no superiority over beast, for all is futile."

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Gregory the Dialogist

Dialogues, Book 4, Chapter 4 · Written before 604.

proposed

In describing the pleasures of the flesh, he puts all cares out of his mind and states that it is good to eat and drink. Later, he finds fault with this view from the standpoint of reason and says it is better to go to the house of mourning than to the house of feasting. Likewise, from purely carnal considerations he advises a young man to find his pleasure in his youth, and later, modifying this statement, he blames youth and its pleasures as fleeting. So, too, when he speaks from the minds of the infirm, our Preacher voices an opinion based on suspicion. "For the lot of man and of beast," he says, "is one lot; the one dies as well as the other. Both have the same life breath, and man has no advantage over the beast." Later, however, he presents conclusions drawn from reason and says, "What has the wise man more than the fool? and what the poor man, but to go where there is life?" So, after he says, "Man has no advantage over the beast," he again specifies that the wise person has an advantage not only over the beast but also over the foolish person, namely, his ability to go "where there is life."

A commentator

Bonaventure

Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Chapter 3 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

As regards death he says: And therefore one is the destruction of man and of beasts, and equal is the condition of both, namely for the proving of men, because, just as a beast does not always live, but rather sometimes dies, so also man: …

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

And therefore he concludes that it is our wisdom to make use of what power we have for our own comfort, and not to oppress others with it. Mutability of Human Affairs. 1 To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven: 2 A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted;

quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — verbatim-run:40w-of-72

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

For - They are subject to the same diseases, pains, and calamities. So dieth - As certainly, and no less, painfully. One breath - One breath of life, which is in their nostrils by which the beasts perform the same animal operations.
For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts,....

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

Literally, "For the sons of men (Adam) are a mere chance, as also the beast is a mere chance." These words can only be the sentiments of the skeptical oppressors. God's delay in judgment gives scope for the "manifestation" of their infidelity (Ec 8:11; They are "brute beasts," morally (Ec 3:18;

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts - From the present comparison of great men to beasts, the author takes occasion to enforce the subject by mentioning the state of mankind in general, with respect to the mortality of their bodies; and then, by an easy transition, touches in the next verse on the point which is of such infinite consequence to religion. As the one dieth, so dieth the other - Animal life is the same both in the man and in the beast.

Modern Voices1 voice

A commentator

GK Chesterton

Orthodoxy, Ch. 6: The Paradoxes of Christianity (1908) (1908)

proposed

In so far as I am Man I am the chief of creatures. In so far as I am a man I am the chief of sinners. All humility that had meant pessimism, that had meant man taking a vague or mean view of his …

The words behind it

25 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • כִּי֩for

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • מִקְרֶ֨ה[the] fate of

    mikrehH4745 →10 times

  • בְֽנֵי־[the] children of

    venei-H1121 →4930 times

  • הָאָדָ֜ם<the> humankind

    haadamH120 →551 times

  • וּמִקְרֶ֣הand [the] fate of

    umikrehH4745 →10 times

  • הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה<the> animal[s]

    habehemahH929 →190 times

  • וּמִקְרֶ֤הand fate

    umikrehH4745 →10 times

  • אֶחָד֙one

    ʾechadH259 →971 times

  • לָהֶ֔ם[belongs] to <the> them

    lahem

  • כְּמ֥וֹתlike [the] death of

    kemotH4194 →156 times

  • זֶה֙this

    zehH2088 →1180 times

  • כֵּ֣ןso

    kenH3651 →771 times

  • מ֣וֹת[the] death of

    motH4194 →156 times

  • זֶ֔הthis

    zehH2088 →1180 times

  • וְר֥וּחַand breath

    veruachH7307 →378 times

  • אֶחָ֖דone

    ʾechadH259 →971 times

  • לַכֹּ֑ל[belongs] to <the> all

    lakolH3605 →5413 times

  • וּמוֹתַ֨רand [the] advantage of

    umotarH4195 →

  • הָאָדָ֤ם<the> humankind

    haadamH120 →551 times

  • מִן־[is] more than

    min-H4480 →1188 times

  • הַבְּהֵמָה֙the animal[s]

    habehemahH929 →190 times

  • אָ֔יִןnot

    ʾayinH369 →789 times

  • כִּ֥יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • הַכֹּ֖ל<the> everything

    hakolH3605 →5413 times

  • הָֽבֶל׃[is] futility

    havelH1892 →73 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 49:12

    But a man, despite his wealth, cannot endure; he is like the beasts that perish.

    it leads to

    • Ecclesiastes 3:18–21

      I said to myself, “As for the sons of men, God tests them so that they may see for themselves that they are but beasts.”

    • Psalms 82:7

      But like mortals you will die, and like rulers you will fall.”

    • Psalms 49:20

      A man who has riches without understanding is like the beasts that perish.

    • Psalms 39:5

      You, indeed, have made my days as handbreadths, and my lifetime as nothing before You. Truly each man at his best exists as but a breath. Selah

    • Ecclesiastes 9:12

      For surely no man knows his time: Like fish caught in a cruel net or birds trapped in a snare, so men are ensnared in an evil time that suddenly falls upon them.

  • Through

    Ecclesiastes 2:14

    The wise man has eyes in his head, but the fool walks in darkness. Yet I also came to realize that one fate overcomes them both.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 49:10

      For it is clear that wise men die, and the foolish and the senseless both perish and leave their wealth to others.

    • Proverbs 17:24

      Wisdom is the focus of the discerning, but the eyes of a fool wander to the ends of the earth.

    • Ecclesiastes 9:11

      I saw something else under the sun: The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong; neither is the bread to the wise, nor the wealth to the intelligent, nor…

Where this verse is studied

About Ecclesiastes

King Solomon in Old Age, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
King Solomon in Old Age, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 14 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Bonaventure, Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Chapter 3; Didymus the Blind, COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 99:1; Evagrius Ponticus, SCHOLIA ON ECCLESIASTES 21:3.19-22; Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on the Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes; GK Chesterton, Orthodoxy, Ch. 6: The Paradoxes of Christianity (1908); Gregory the Dialogist, Dialogues, Book 4, Chapter 4; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Ecclesiastes; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Olympiodorus of Alexandria, COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 3:19 and Shenoute the Archimandrite, FRAGMENT ON ECCLESIASTES.