2 Samuel 2:10
in 2 Samuel 2Saul’s son Ish-bosheth was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned for two years. The house of Judah, however, followed David.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.
KJV
Ish–bosheth Saul’s son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.
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This verse in 2 Samuel 2
Commentary
6 notes on this verseIshbosheth, Saul's son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel,.... Being born the same year his father began to reign.
This site's exposition
forty years old when he began to reign
on 2 Samuel 2:10-11
Ish-bosheth is forty years old when he begins to reign and reigns two years, while David reigns in Hebron over Judah alone seven years and six months. The five and a half years the text does not account for have drawn more than one reading: some hold Abner spent that time subduing the northern tribes before crowning Ish-bosheth, others that the two-year count marks only the settled portion of a longer, contested reign. The verse states both numbers plainly and leaves the gap between them unexplained.
The record, by era
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
) Ishbosheth reigned over Israel but two years: before those two years, or after, or both, it was in general for the house of Saul ( ch. iii. 6 ), and not any particular person of that house, that Abner declared.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
Ish-bosheth - reigned two years - It is well observed that Ish-bosheth reigned all the time that David reigned in Hebron, which was seven years and six months. Perhaps the meaning of the writer is this: Ish-bosheth reigned two years before any but the tribe of Judah had attached themselves to the interest of David. Some think that Abner in effect reigned the last five years of Ish-bosheth, who had only the name of king after the first two years.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host took Ish-bosheth--Here was the establishment of a rival kingdom, which, however, would probably have had no existence but for Abner. Ish-bosheth--or "Esh-baal" (1Ch 8:33;
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
Forty ... two - The numerals are somewhat strange. First, as regards the 40 years. Even assuming that Ish-bosheth’s reign did not commence until five and a half years after Saul’s death, which must have been the case if the two years in the text gives the true length of his reign, it is startling to hear of Saul’s younger son being 35 years old at his father’s death, born consequently some three years before his father’s accession, and five years older than David, the bosom friend of his older brother Jonathan. The age, too, of Jonathan’s child, Mephibosheth, who was five years old at his father’s death, would lead one to expect rather a less age for his uncle. Next, as regards the two years. Since David (compare 2Sa 2:11; and marginal references) reigned seven years in Hebron over Judah only, it follows, if the two years in the text are correct, either that an interval of five years elapsed between Ish-bosheth’s death and David’s being anointed “king over all Israel,” or that a like interval elapsed between Saul’s death and the commencement of Ish-bosheth’s reign. Of the two the latter is the more probable, and has the advantage of diminishing Ish-bosheth’s age by between five and six years. But the narrative in 2 Sam. 3; 2Sa 4:1-12 of the “long war,” of the birth of David’s six sons, and of Abner’s conspiracy and death, seems to imply a longer time than two years, in which case both the numerals would have to be corrected.
The words behind it
19 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| בֶּן־ | ben- | [was] a son of | H1121 → | 4930 times |
| אַרְבָּעִ֨ים | ʾarbaim | forty | H705 → | 136 times |
| שָׁנָ֜ה | shanah | year[s] | H8141 → | 877 times |
| אִֽישׁ־ | ʾish- | Ish- | H378 → | 22 times |
| בֹּ֣שֶׁת | boshet | bosheth | H378 → | 22 times |
| בֶּן־ | ben- | [the] son of | H1121 → | 4930 times |
| שָׁא֗וּל | shaul | Saul | H7586 → | 402 times |
| בְּמָלְכוֹ֙ | bemalekho | when became king he | H4427 → | 348 times |
| עַל־ | ʾal- | over | H5921 → | 5755 times |
| יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | yisrael | Israel | H3478 → | 2507 times |
| וּשְׁתַּ֥יִם | ushetayim | and two | H8147 → | 768 times |
| שָׁנִ֖ים | shanim | years | H8141 → | 877 times |
| מָלָ֑ךְ | malakh | he reigned | H4427 → | 348 times |
| אַ֚ךְ | ʾakh | only | H389 → | 161 times |
| בֵּ֣ית | beit | [the] house of | H1004 → | 2046 times |
| יְהוּדָ֔ה | yehudah | Judah | H3063 → | 819 times |
| הָי֖וּ | hayu | they were | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| אַחֲרֵ֥י | ʾacharei | after | H310 → | 715 times |
| דָוִֽד׃ | david | David | H1732 → | 999 times |
בֶּן־[was] a son of
ben-H1121 →4930 times
אַרְבָּעִ֨יםforty
ʾarbaimH705 →136 times
שָׁנָ֜הyear[s]
shanahH8141 →877 times
אִֽישׁ־Ish-
ʾish-H378 →22 times
בֹּ֣שֶׁתbosheth
boshetH378 →22 times
בֶּן־[the] son of
ben-H1121 →4930 times
שָׁא֗וּלSaul
shaulH7586 →402 times
בְּמָלְכוֹ֙when became king he
bemalekhoH4427 →348 times
עַל־over
ʾal-H5921 →5755 times
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsrael
yisraelH3478 →2507 times
וּשְׁתַּ֥יִםand two
ushetayimH8147 →768 times
שָׁנִ֖יםyears
shanimH8141 →877 times
מָלָ֑ךְhe reigned
malakhH4427 →348 times
אַ֚ךְonly
ʾakhH389 →161 times
בֵּ֣ית[the] house of
beitH1004 →2046 times
יְהוּדָ֔הJudah
yehudahH3063 →819 times
הָי֖וּthey were
hayuH1961 →3559 times
אַחֲרֵ֥יafter
ʾachareiH310 →715 times
דָוִֽד׃David
davidH1732 →999 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
About 2 Samuel

Who and where
2 names in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
