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2 Samuel 2:10

in 2 Samuel 2

Saul’s son Ish-bosheth was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned for two years. The house of Judah, however, followed David.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.

KJV

Ish–bosheth Saul’s son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.

This verse in 2 Samuel 2

Commentary

6 notes on this verse
Ishbosheth, Saul's son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel,.... Being born the same year his father began to reign.

This site's exposition

forty years old when he began to reign

on 2 Samuel 2:10-11

Ish-bosheth is forty years old when he begins to reign and reigns two years, while David reigns in Hebron over Judah alone seven years and six months. The five and a half years the text does not account for have drawn more than one reading: some hold Abner spent that time subduing the northern tribes before crowning Ish-bosheth, others that the two-year count marks only the settled portion of a longer, contested reign. The verse states both numbers plainly and leaves the gap between them unexplained.

The record, by era

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

) Ishbosheth reigned over Israel but two years: before those two years, or after, or both, it was in general for the house of Saul ( ch. iii. 6 ), and not any particular person of that house, that Abner declared.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

Ish-bosheth - reigned two years - It is well observed that Ish-bosheth reigned all the time that David reigned in Hebron, which was seven years and six months. Perhaps the meaning of the writer is this: Ish-bosheth reigned two years before any but the tribe of Judah had attached themselves to the interest of David. Some think that Abner in effect reigned the last five years of Ish-bosheth, who had only the name of king after the first two years.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host took Ish-bosheth--Here was the establishment of a rival kingdom, which, however, would probably have had no existence but for Abner. Ish-bosheth--or "Esh-baal" (1Ch 8:33;

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens

Forty ... two - The numerals are somewhat strange. First, as regards the 40 years. Even assuming that Ish-bosheth’s reign did not commence until five and a half years after Saul’s death, which must have been the case if the two years in the text gives the true length of his reign, it is startling to hear of Saul’s younger son being 35 years old at his father’s death, born consequently some three years before his father’s accession, and five years older than David, the bosom friend of his older brother Jonathan. The age, too, of Jonathan’s child, Mephibosheth, who was five years old at his father’s death, would lead one to expect rather a less age for his uncle. Next, as regards the two years. Since David (compare 2Sa 2:11; and marginal references) reigned seven years in Hebron over Judah only, it follows, if the two years in the text are correct, either that an interval of five years elapsed between Ish-bosheth’s death and David’s being anointed “king over all Israel,” or that a like interval elapsed between Saul’s death and the commencement of Ish-bosheth’s reign. Of the two the latter is the more probable, and has the advantage of diminishing Ish-bosheth’s age by between five and six years. But the narrative in 2 Sam. 3; 2Sa 4:1-12 of the “long war,” of the birth of David’s six sons, and of Abner’s conspiracy and death, seems to imply a longer time than two years, in which case both the numerals would have to be corrected.

The words behind it

19 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • בֶּן־[was] a son of

    ben-H11214930 times

  • אַרְבָּעִ֨יםforty

    ʾarbaimH705136 times

  • שָׁנָ֜הyear[s]

    shanahH8141877 times

  • אִֽישׁ־Ish-

    ʾish-H37822 times

  • בֹּ֣שֶׁתbosheth

    boshetH37822 times

  • בֶּן־[the] son of

    ben-H11214930 times

  • שָׁא֗וּלSaul

    shaulH7586402 times

  • בְּמָלְכוֹ֙when became king he

    bemalekhoH4427348 times

  • עַל־over

    ʾal-H59215755 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsrael

    yisraelH34782507 times

  • וּשְׁתַּ֥יִםand two

    ushetayimH8147768 times

  • שָׁנִ֖יםyears

    shanimH8141877 times

  • מָלָ֑ךְhe reigned

    malakhH4427348 times

  • אַ֚ךְonly

    ʾakhH389161 times

  • בֵּ֣ית[the] house of

    beitH10042046 times

  • יְהוּדָ֔הJudah

    yehudahH3063819 times

  • הָי֖וּthey were

    hayuH19613559 times

  • אַחֲרֵ֥יafter

    ʾachareiH310715 times

  • דָוִֽד׃David

    davidH1732999 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

About 2 Samuel

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.