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1 Chronicles 4:18

in 1 Chronicles 4

And Mered’s wife Bithiah gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. These were the children of Pharaoh’s daughter Bithiah. Mered also took a Judean wife, who gave birth to Jered the father of Gedor, Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And his wife the Jewess bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, whom Mered took.

KJV

And his wife Jehudijah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took.

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This verse in 1 Chronicles 4

Commentary

6 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

And his wife Jehudijah - The Targum considers the names in this verse as epithets of Moses: “And his wife Jehuditha educated Moses after she had drawn him out of the water: and she called his name Jered, because he caused the manna to descend upon Israel; and Prince Gedor, because he restored the desolations of Israel; Heber also, because he joined Israel to their heavenly Father; and Prince Socho, because he overshadowed Israel with his righteousness, and Jekuthiel, because the Israelites waited on the God of heaven in his time, forty years in the desert; and prince Zanoah, because God, on his account, had passed by the sins of Israel.

This site's exposition

the brother of Shuah begat Mehir

on 1 Chronicles 4:11-20

This unit gathers several branches of Caleb's descendants, including the craftsmen of the valley of Charashim at verse fourteen, carpenters and smiths named for their trade rather than for any deed. Verse eighteen preserves an otherwise unrecorded marriage, Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh taken by a descendant of Caleb, an Egyptian princess grafted into Judah's genealogy without further comment. Most of the names in this stretch occur nowhere else in Scripture, which is part of what these chapters are doing, keeping every family on record even where no story survives to go with the name.

The record, by era

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

), which was the common name of the kings of Egypt. If an Israelite in Egypt before the bondage began, while Joseph's merits were yet fresh in mind, was preferred to be the king's son-in-law, it is not to be thought strange: few Israelites could, like Moses, refuse an alliance with the court.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

And his wife Jehudijah,....

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Jehudijah--"the Jewess," to distinguish her from his other wife, who was an Egyptian. This passage records a very interesting fact--the marriage of an Egyptian princess to a descendant of Caleb.
His wife - i. e. Mered’s. Mered, it would seem, had two wives, Bithiah, an Egyptian woman, and a Jewish wife (see the margin), whose name is not given. If Mered was a chief of rank, Bithlah may have been married to him with the consent of her father, for the Egyptian kings often gave their daughters in marriage to foreigners. Or she may have elected to forsake her countrymen and cleave to a Jewish husband, becoming a convert to his religion. Her name, Bithiah, “daughter of Yahweh,” is like that of a convert.

The words behind it

23 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וְאִשְׁתּ֣וֹand wife his

    veishtoH802 →781 times

  • הַיְהֻדִיָּ֗ה<the> Judahitess

    hayhudiyahH3057 →

  • יָלְדָ֞הshe bore

    yaldahH3205 →496 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • יֶ֨רֶדJared

    yeredH3382 →

  • אֲבִ֤י[the] father of

    ʾaviH1 →1212 times

  • גְדוֹר֙Gedor

    gedorH1446 →7 times

  • וְאֶת־and <obj.>

    veetH853 →10935 times

  • חֶ֙בֶר֙Heber

    cheverH2268 →11 times

  • אֲבִ֣י[the] father of

    ʾaviH1 →1212 times

  • שׂוֹכ֔וֹSocoh

    sokhoH7755 →

  • וְאֶת־and <obj.>

    veetH853 →10935 times

  • יְקֽוּתִיאֵ֖לJekuthiel

    yekutielH3354 →

  • אֲבִ֣י[the] father of

    ʾaviH1 →1212 times

  • זָנ֑וֹחַZanoah

    zanoachH2182 →

  • וְאֵ֗לֶּהand these

    veelehH428 →746 times

  • בְּנֵי֙[were] [the] sons of

    beneiH1121 →4930 times

  • בִּתְיָ֣הBithiah

    bityahH1332 →

  • בַת־[the] daughter of

    vat-H1323 →588 times

  • פַּרְעֹ֔הPharaoh

    parohH6547 →

  • אֲשֶׁ֥רwhom

    ʾasherH834 →5497 times

  • לָקַ֖חhe had taken

    lakachH3947 →966 times

  • מָֽרֶד׃ סMered

    maredH4778 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

Related verses

9 in all, six open

The number beside each verse is how many compiled reference works tie it to this one. The strongest six stand open.

1 Chronicles 4:4Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.5 works1 Chronicles 4:39and they journeyed to the entrance of Gedor, to the east side of the valley, in search of pasture for their flocks.4 works1 Chronicles 2:42The sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel: Mesha his firstborn, who was the father of Ziph, and Mareshah his second son, who was the father of Hebron.3 worksJoshua 15:58Halhul, Beth-zur, Gedor,3 worksJoshua 15:34–35Eshtaol, Zorah, Ashnah, Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, Enam,2 works1 Chronicles 12:7and Joelah and Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham from Gedor.2 works
The other 3 cross-references, with their words ▾
Joshua 15:35Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,2 worksNehemiah 3:13The Valley Gate was repaired by Hanun and the residents of Zanoah. They rebuilt it, installed its doors, bolts, and bars, and repaired a thousand cubits of the wall as far as the Dung Gate.2 worksJoshua 15:48These were in the hill country:1 works

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    1 Chronicles 4:4

    Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

    it leads to

    • 1 Chronicles 4:39

      and they journeyed to the entrance of Gedor, to the east side of the valley, in search of pasture for their flocks.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • 1 Chronicles 2:50

      These were the descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephrathah:

  • Through

    1 Chronicles 4:39

    and they journeyed to the entrance of Gedor, to the east side of the valley, in search of pasture for their flocks.

    it leads to

    • 1 Chronicles 4:4

      Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

    • Joshua 15:58

      Halhul, Beth-zur, Gedor,

  • Through

    1 Chronicles 2:42

    The sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel: Mesha his firstborn, who was the father of Ziph, and Mareshah his second son, who was the father of Hebron.

    it leads to

    • Hebrews 12:23

      in joyful assembly, to the congregation of the firstborn, enrolled in heaven. You have come to God the Judge of all, to the spirits of the righteous made perfect,

    • 1 Chronicles 2:52

      These were the descendants of Shobal the father of Kiriath-jearim:

    • Joshua 15:24

      Ziph, Telem, Bealoth,

    • Ezra 2:21–35

      the men of Bethlehem, 123;

About 1 Chronicles

Cedars Are Cut Down for the Jerusalem Temple, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
Cedars Are Cut Down for the Jerusalem Temple, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
1 Chronicles: the study guide →Read 1 Chronicles 4 →

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson Fausset and Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.

Read on in 1 Chronicles 4 →