Commerce

How Nave’s arranged it

• Laws concerningLeviticus 19:36Leviticus 19:37Leviticus 25:14Leviticus 25:17
• Carried on by means of caravansGenesis 37:25Genesis 37:27Isaiah 60:6
• Carried on by means of ships1 Kings 9:271 Kings 9:281 Kings 10:111 Kings 22:48Psalms 107:23–30Proverbs 31:11Revelation 18:19
• Conducted in fairsEzekiel 27:12Ezekiel 27:19Matthew 11:16
• Of the ArabiansIsaiah 60:6Jeremiah 6:20Ezekiel 27:21–24
• EgyptiansGenesis 42:2–34
• EthiopiansIsaiah 45:14
• IshmaelitesGenesis 37:27Genesis 37:28
• Israelites1 Kings 9:26–28Nehemiah 3:31Nehemiah 3:32Ezekiel 27:17
• NinevitesNahum 3:16
• SyriansEzekiel 27:16Ezekiel 27:18
• Tyrians2 Samuel 5:111 Kings 5:6Isaiah 23:8Ezekiel 27Ezekiel 28:5

The passages, in Bible order (70)

The same references, sorted Genesis to Revelation. The first 16 are quoted in full; the rest are one click beneath them, book by book.

1. Genesis 23:13–16

   and said to Ephron in their presence, “If you will please listen to me, I will pay you the price of the field. Accept it from me, so that I may bury my dead there.”

   ›Commentary on Genesis 23:13–162 voices

   “I will give thee money for the field - It was not in pride that Abraham refused the gift; but 1. Abraham was rich in silver and gold, and therefore would not take advantage of Ephron's generosity. He would pay for it, lest Ephron, when this good humour was over, should upbraid him with it.

   “Ephron answered, Nay, my lord, &c.--Here is a great show of generosity, but it was only a show; for while Abraham wanted only the cave, he joins "the field and the cave"; and though he offered them both as free gifts, he, of course, expected some costly presents in return, without which, he would not have been satisfied.

   Everything gathered on Genesis 23:13–16→

   Verse page →Original language →

2. Genesis 37:25

   And as they sat down to eat a meal, they looked up and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. Their camels were carrying spices, balm, and myrrh on their way down to Egypt.

   ›Commentary on Genesis 37:251 voice

   “They sat down to eat bread - Every act is perfectly in character, and describes forcibly the brutish and diabolic nature of their ruthless souls. A company of Ishmaelites - We may naturally suppose that this was a caravan, composed of different tribes that, for their greater safety, were traveling together, and of which Ishmaelites and Midianites made the chief. In the Chaldee they are called Arabians, which, from ערב arab, to mingle, was in all probability used by the Targumist as the word Arabians is used among us, which comprehends a vast number of clans, or tribes of people.

   Everything gathered on Genesis 37:25→

   Verse page →Original language →

3. Genesis 37:27

   Come, let us sell him to the Ishmaelites and not lay a hand on him; for he is our brother, our own flesh.” And they agreed.

   ›Commentary on Genesis 37:271 voice

   “What profit is it if we slay our brother?--The sight of these travelling merchants gave a sudden turn to the views of the conspirators; for having no wish to commit a greater degree of crime than was necessary for the accomplishment of their end, they readily approved of Judah's suggestion to dispose of their obnoxious brother as a slave.

   Everything gathered on Genesis 37:27→

   Verse page →Original language →

4. Genesis 37:28

   So when the Midianite traders passed by, his brothers pulled Joseph out of the pit and sold him for twenty shekels of silver to the Ishmaelites, who took him to Egypt.

   ›Commentary on Genesis 37:282 voices

   “What profit is it if we slay our brother?--The sight of these travelling merchants gave a sudden turn to the views of the conspirators; for having no wish to commit a greater degree of crime than was necessary for the accomplishment of their end, they readily approved of Judah's suggestion to dispose of their obnoxious brother as a slave.

   “(Verse 28) And the Ishmaelites sold Joseph for twenty silver coins. In Hebrew, silver coins are used instead of gold coins. For the Lord should not be sold for a lesser metal than Joseph.

   Everything gathered on Genesis 37:28→

   Verse page →Original language →

5. Genesis 37:36

   Meanwhile, the Midianites sold Joseph in Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard.

   ›Commentary on Genesis 37:362 voices

   “(Verse 36.) Now the Midianites sold Joseph in Egypt to Potiphar, an eunuch of Pharaoh and the chief of the royal executioners. In many places the Scriptures mention the chief of the executioners as the chief of the cooks, for μαγειρεύειν in Greek means to cook. Therefore, Joseph was sold to the chief of the army and the warriors, not to Potiphar, as it is written in Latin, but to Potiphar the eunuch. The question arises, how he is later said to have a wife.

   “Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh’s - The word סריס saris, translated officer, signifies a eunuch; and lest any person should imagine that because this Potiphar had a wife, therefore it is absurd to suppose him to have been a eunuch, let such persons know that it is not uncommon in the east for eunuchs to have wives, nay, some of them have even a harem or seraglio where they keep many women, though it does not appear that they have any progeny; and probably discontent on this ground might have contributed as much to the unfaithfulness of Potiphar’s wife, as that less principled motive through which it is commonly believed she acted.

   Everything gathered on Genesis 37:36→

   Verse page →Original language →

6. Genesis 42:2–34

   “Look,” he added, “I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there and buy some for us, so that we may live and not die.”

   ›Commentary on Genesis 42:2–341 voice

   “The famine was grievous in the land of Canaan. It is observable that all the three patriarchs, to whom Canaan was the land of promise, met with famine in that land, which was not only to try their faith, whether they could trust God though he should slay them, though he should starve them, but to teach them to seek the better country, that is, the heavenly, Heb. xi.

   Everything gathered on Genesis 42:2–34→

   Verse page →Original language →

7. Leviticus 19:36

   You shall maintain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.

   ›Commentary on Leviticus 19:361 voice

   “Just balances - Scales, steel-yard, etc. Weights, אבנים abanim, stones, as the weights appear to have been originally formed out of stones. Ephah, hin, etc., see before.

   Everything gathered on Leviticus 19:36→

   Verse page →Original language →

8. Leviticus 19:37

   You must keep all My statutes and all My ordinances and follow them. I am the LORD.”

   ›Commentary on Leviticus 19:371 voice

   “Shall ye observe all my statutes - חקתי chukkothi, from חק chak, to describe, mark, or trace out; the righteousness which I have described, and the path of duty which I have traced out. Judgments, משפטי mishpatai, from שפט shaphat, to discern, determine, direct, etc.; that which Divine Wisdom has discerned to be best for man, has determined shall promote his best interest, and has directed him conscientiously to use. See the note on Lev 26:15.

   Everything gathered on Leviticus 19:37→

   Verse page →Original language →

9. Leviticus 25:14

   If you make a sale to your neighbor or a purchase from him, you must not take advantage of each other.

   ›Commentary on Leviticus 25:141 voice

   “In short, the buyer must not give less, nor the seller take more, than the just value of the thing, considered as necessarily returning at the year of jubilee. It must be settled what the clear yearly value of the land was, and then how many years' purchase it was worth till the year of jubilee.

   Everything gathered on Leviticus 25:14→

   Verse page →Original language →

10. Leviticus 25:17

    Do not take advantage of each other, but fear your God; for I am the LORD your God.

    ›Commentary on Leviticus 25:171 voice

    “In short, the buyer must not give less, nor the seller take more, than the just value of the thing, considered as necessarily returning at the year of jubilee. It must be settled what the clear yearly value of the land was, and then how many years' purchase it was worth till the year of jubilee.

    Everything gathered on Leviticus 25:17→

    Verse page →Original language →

11. Deuteronomy 24:7

    If a man is caught kidnapping one of his Israelite brothers, whether he treats him as a slave or sells him, the kidnapper must die. So you must purge the evil from among you.

    ›Commentary on Deuteronomy 24:72 voices

    “If a man be found stealing any of his brethren of the children of Israel,.... Whether grown up or little, male or female, an Israelite or a proselyte, or a freed servant; all, as Maimonides (f) says, are included in this general word "brethren"; though Aben Ezra observes, that it is added, "of the children of Israel", for explanation, since an Edomite is called a "brother".

    “It was not death by the law of Moses to steal cattle or goods; but to steal a child, or a weak and simple man, or one that a man had in his power, and to make merchandize of him, this was a capital crime, and could not be expiated, as other thefts, by restitution--so much is a man better than a sheep, Matt. xii.

    Everything gathered on Deuteronomy 24:7→

    Verse page →Original language →

12. Ruth 4:3

    And he said to the kinsman-redeemer, “Naomi, who has returned from the land of Moab, is selling the piece of land that belonged to our brother Elimelech.

    ›Commentary on Ruth 4:32 voices

    “In her circumstances she was at liberty to part with it (Le 25:25). Both Naomi and Ruth had an interest in the land during their lives; but Naomi alone was mentioned, not only because she directed all the negotiations, but because the introduction of Ruth's name would awaken a suspicion of the necessity of marrying her, before the first proposition was answered.

    “According to the law Lev 25:25-28, if any Israelite, through poverty, would sell his possession, the next of kin (the גאל gā'al) had a right to redeem it by paying the value of the number of years remaining until the jubilee (see the marginal reference). This right Boaz advertises the גאל gā'al of, so as to give him the option which the law secured to him of redeeming “our brother Elimelech’s” land, i. e. our kinsman’s, according to the common use of the term brother, for near relation (see Gen 13:8; Gen 24:27; Lev 25:25; Num 27:4; Jdg 9:1).

    Everything gathered on Ruth 4:3→

    Verse page →Original language →

13. 2 Samuel 5:11

    Now Hiram king of Tyre sent envoys to David, along with cedar logs, carpenters, and stonemasons, and they built a palace for David.

    ›Commentary on 2 Samuel 5:112 voices

    “And Hiram king of Tyre,.... This was father of that Hiram that lived in the times of Solomon, whose name was Abibalus before he took the name of Hiram, which became a common name of the kings of Tyre; his former name may be seen in the ancient historians quoted by Josephus (s); of the city of Tyre; see Gill on Isa 23:1; which was built one year before the destruction of Troy (t).

    “Hiram king of Tyre - Now mentioned for the first time. He survived David, and continued his friendship to Solomon (marginal references). The news of the capture of the city of the Jebusites had doubtless reached Tyre, and created a great impression of David’s power.

    Everything gathered on 2 Samuel 5:11→

    Verse page →Original language →

14. 1 Kings 5:6

    Now therefore, order that cedars of Lebanon be cut down for me. My servants will be with your servants, and I will pay your servants whatever wages you set, for you know that there are none among us as skilled in logging as the Sidonians.”

    ›Commentary on 1 Kings 5:62 voices

    “They - That is, thy servants. And this assistance which these Gentiles gave to the building of Solomon's temple, was a type of the calling of the Gentiles, and that they should be instrumental in building and constituting Christ's spiritual temple.

    “For the servants of Hiram who cut down cedars from Lebanon for Solomon are the teachers chosen from among the Gentiles whose task is to fell those who enjoy the goods and glory of this world by correcting their pride and arrogance and convert their …

    Everything gathered on 1 Kings 5:6→

    Verse page →Original language →

15. 1 Kings 5:8

    Then Hiram sent a reply to Solomon, saying: “I have received your message; I will do all you desire regarding the cedar and cypress timber.

    ›Commentary on 1 Kings 5:81 voice

    “And Hiram sent to Solomon,.... A letter to him, to the following purpose: saying, I have considered the things which thou sentest to me for; whether he could, and whether it was fitting he should grant his request; which was acting like a wise and prudent prince: and I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar, and concerning timber of fir; or of cypress, as in Josephus's copy of this letter, and which grew on Lebanon (c); these were odorous, sound, and durable timber, especially the cedar, and therefore chosen by Solomon for building. (c) Diodor. Sic. l.

    Everything gathered on 1 Kings 5:8→

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16. 1 Kings 5:11

    and year after year Solomon would provide Hiram with 20,000 cors of wheat as food for his household, as well as 20,000 baths of pure olive oil.

    ›Commentary on 1 Kings 5:112 voices

    “Measures - Hebrew. twenty cors pure oil; but in 2Chr ii, 10, it is twenty thousand baths of oil. To which there is added twenty thousand measures of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine.

    “The number of measures of wheat was considerably less than Solomon’s own annual consumption, which exceeded 32,000 cors 1Ki 4:22; but the small amount of twenty cors of oil, which seems at first sight scarcely to match with the 20,000 cors of wheat, will not appear improbable, if we consider that the oil was to be” pure” - literally “beaten” - i. e., oil extracted from the olives by pounding, and not by means of the press. Year by year - i. e., during all the years that Solomon was engaged in building and was helped by Hiram.

    Everything gathered on 1 Kings 5:11→

    Verse page →Original language →