Joshuachapter 4
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Original Language
Joshua 4— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Twelve stones lifted out of the riverbed1
Joshua 4:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִי֙vayhiand it wasH1961כַּאֲשֶׁר־kaasher-just whenH834תַּ֣מּוּtamuthey had finishedH8552כָל־khol-allH3605הַגּ֔וֹיhagoythe nationH1471לַעֲב֖וֹרlaavorto pass overH5674אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן פhaiyardenthe JordanH3383וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559יְהוָ֔הyahwehYahwehH3068אֶל־ʾel-toH413יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַyehoshua'JoshuaH3091לֵאמֹֽר׃lemor<to> sayingH559
Joshua 4:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Joshua 4:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְצַוּ֣וּvetzavuand commandH6680אוֹתָם֮ʾotam<obj.> themH853לֵאמֹר֒lemor<to> sayingH559שְׂאֽוּ־seu-take upH5375לָכֶ֨םlakhemfor <the> yourselvesמִזֶּ֜הmizehfrom hereH2088מִתּ֣וֹךְmitokhfrom [the] middle ofH8432הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383מִמַּצַּב֙mimatzavfrom [the] standing-place ofH4673רַגְלֵ֣יraglei[the] feet ofH7272הַכֹּהֲנִ֔יםhakohanimthe priestsH3548הָכִ֖יןhakhinto make firmH3559שְׁתֵּים־sheteim-two [plus]H8147עֶשְׂרֵ֣הʾesrehtenH6240אֲבָנִ֑יםʾavanimstonesH68וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤םvehaavartemand you will take overH5674אוֹתָם֙ʾotam<obj.> themH853עִמָּכֶ֔םʾimakhemwith youH5973וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣םvehinachtemand you will set downH5117אוֹתָ֔םʾotam<obj.> themH853בַּמָּל֕וֹןbamalonat the lodging placeH4411אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834תָּלִ֥ינוּtalinuyou will stayH3885ב֖וֹvoat itהַלָּֽיְלָה׃ סhalayelahthis nightH3915
Joshua 4:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקְרָ֣אvaiyikra'and he calledH7121יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַyehoshua'JoshuaH3091אֶל־ʾel-toH413שְׁנֵ֤יםsheneimtwo [plus]H8147הֶֽעָשָׂר֙heasarthe tenH6240אִ֔ישׁʾishmanH376אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhomH834הֵכִ֖יןhekhinhe had appointedH3559מִבְּנֵ֣יmibeneifrom [the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478אִישׁ־ʾish-a manH376אֶחָ֥דʾechadoneH259אִישׁ־ʾish-a manH376אֶחָ֖דʾechadoneH259מִשָּֽׁבֶט׃mishavetfrom a tribeH7626
Joshua 4:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559לָהֶם֙lahemto <the> themיְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַyehoshua'JoshuaH3091עִ֠בְרוּʾivrupass overH5674לִפְנֵ֨יlifnei<to> beforeH6440אֲר֧וֹןʾaron[the] ark ofH727יְהוָ֛הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖םʾeloheikhemGod yourH430אֶל־ʾel-intoH413תּ֣וֹךְtokh[the] middle ofH8432הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383וְהָרִ֨ימוּveharimuand take upH7311לָכֶ֜םlakhemfor <the> yourselvesאִ֣ישׁʾisheachH376אֶ֤בֶןʾevena stoneH68אַחַת֙ʾachatoneH259עַל־ʾal-onH5921שִׁכְמ֔וֹshikhmoshoulder hisH7926לְמִסְפַּ֖רlemisparto [the] number ofH4557שִׁבְטֵ֥יshivtei[the] tribes ofH7626בְנֵי־venei-[the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃yisraelIsraelH3478
Joshua 4:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
לְמַ֗עַןlemaanso thatH4616תִּֽהְיֶ֛הtihyehit may beH1961זֹ֥אתzotthisH2063א֖וֹתʾota signH226בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑םbekirbekhemin midst yourH7130כִּֽי־ki-ifH3588יִשְׁאָל֨וּןyishalunthey will ask !H7592בְּנֵיכֶ֤םbeneikhemchildren yourH1121מָחָר֙machartomorrowH4279לֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559מָ֛הmahwhat?H4100הָאֲבָנִ֥יםhaavanim[are] the stonesH68הָאֵ֖לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428לָכֶֽם׃lakhemto <the> you
Joshua 4:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣םvaamartemand you will sayH559לָהֶ֗םlahemto <the> themאֲשֶׁ֨רʾasherthatH834נִכְרְת֜וּnikhretuthey were cut offH3772מֵימֵ֤יmeimei[the] waters ofH4325הַיַּרְדֵּן֙haiyardenthe JordanH3383מִפְּנֵי֙mipeneifrom beforeH6440אֲר֣וֹןʾaron[the] ark ofH727בְּרִית־berit-[the] covenant ofH1285יְהוָ֔הyahwehYahwehH3068בְּעָבְרוֹ֙beaverowhen passed on itH5674בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ןbaiyardenin the JordanH3383נִכְרְת֖וּnikhretuthey were cut offH3772מֵ֣יmei[the] waters ofH4325הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383וְ֠הָיוּvehayuand they will becomeH1961הָאֲבָנִ֨יםhaavanimthe stonesH68הָאֵ֧לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428לְזִכָּר֛וֹןlezikaron<into> a reminderH2146לִבְנֵ֥יlivneito [the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478עַד־ʾad-untilH5704עוֹלָֽם׃olamperpetuityH5769
Joshua 4:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־vaiyaasu-and they didH6213כֵ֣ןkhenthusH3651בְּנֵי־benei-[the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵ֘לyisraelIsraelH3478כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רkaasherjust asH834צִוָּ֣הtzivahhe had commandedH6680יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒yehoshua'JoshuaH3091וַיִּשְׂא֡וּvaiyisuand they took upH5375שְׁתֵּֽי־shetei-two [plus]H8147עֶשְׂרֵ֨הʾesrehtenH6240אֲבָנִ֜יםʾavanimstonesH68מִתּ֣וֹךְmitokhfrom [the] middle ofH8432הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383כַּאֲשֶׁ֨רkaasherjust asH834דִּבֶּ֤רdiberhe had saidH1696יְהוָה֙yahwehYahwehH3068אֶל־ʾel-toH413יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַyehoshua'JoshuaH3091לְמִסְפַּ֖רlemisparto [the] number ofH4557שִׁבְטֵ֣יshivtei[the] tribes ofH7626בְנֵֽי־venei-[the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478וַיַּעֲבִר֤וּםvaiyaavirumand they took over themH5674עִמָּם֙ʾimamwith themH5973אֶל־ʾel-toH413הַמָּל֔וֹןhamalonthe lodging placeH4411וַיַּנִּח֖וּםvaiyanichumand they set down themH5117שָֽׁם׃shamthereH8033
Joshua 4:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּשְׁתֵּ֧יםusheteimand two [plus]H8147עֶשְׂרֵ֣הʾesrehtenH6240אֲבָנִ֗יםʾavanimstonesH68הֵקִ֣יםhekimhe set upH6965יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮yehoshua'JoshuaH3091בְּת֣וֹךְbetokhin [the] middle ofH8432הַיַּרְדֵּן֒haiyardenthe JordanH3383תַּ֗חַתtachatinH8478מַצַּב֙matzav[the] standing-place ofH4673רַגְלֵ֣יraglei[the] feet ofH7272הַכֹּהֲנִ֔יםhakohanimthe priestsH3548נֹשְׂאֵ֖יnoseei[the] bearers ofH5375אֲר֣וֹןʾaron[the] ark ofH727הַבְּרִ֑יתhaberitthe covenantH1285וַיִּ֣הְיוּvaiyihyuand they have beenH1961שָׁ֔םshamthereH8033עַ֖דʾaduntilH5704הַיּ֥וֹםhaiyomthe dayH3117הַזֶּֽה׃hazeh<the> thisH2088
All Israel passes over on dry ground10
Joshua 4:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֞יםvehakohanimand the priestsH3548נֹשְׂאֵ֣יnoseei[the] bearers ofH5375הָאָר֗וֹןhaaronthe arkH727עֹמְדִים֮ʾomedim[were] standingH5975בְּת֣וֹךְbetokhin [the] middle ofH8432הַיַּרְדֵּן֒haiyardenthe JordanH3383עַ֣דʾaduntilH5704תֹּ֣םtomwas finishedH8552כָּֽל־kal-everyH3605הַ֠דָּבָרhadavor<the> thingH1697אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834צִוָּ֨הtzivahhe had commandedH6680יְהוָ֤הyahwehYahwehH3068אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙yehoshua'JoshuaH3091לְדַבֵּ֣רledaberto speakH1696אֶל־ʾel-toH413הָעָ֔םhaamthe peopleH5971כְּכֹ֛לkekholaccording to allH3605אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-thatH834צִוָּ֥הtzivahhe had commandedH6680מֹשֶׁ֖הmoshehMosesH4872אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַyehoshua'JoshuaH3091וַיְמַהֲר֥וּvaymaharuand they hurriedH4116הָעָ֖םhaamthe peopleH5971וַֽיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ׃vaiyaavoruand they passed overH5674
Rashi on Joshua 4:10
Until the the completion of everything. This is as we learn in Masches Sotah, 34a: While they were standing in the Jordan, Yehoshua said to them, “You must know the purpose for which you are crossing the Jordan.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997
Joshua 4:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֛יvayhiand it wasH1961כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־kaasher-just whenH834תַּ֥םtamit had finishedH8552כָּל־kol-allH3605הָעָ֖םhaamthe peopleH5971לַֽעֲב֑וֹרlaavorto pass overH5674וַיַּעֲבֹ֧רvaiyaavorand it passed overH5674אֲרוֹן־ʾaron-[the] ark ofH727יְהוָ֛הyahwehYahwehH3068וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖יםvehakohanimand the priestsH3548לִפְנֵ֥יlifnei<to> beforeH6440הָעָֽם׃haamthe peopleH5971
Rashi on Joshua 4:11
And it was when all the people had finished crossing and the Ark crossed. The Ark did not cross as the others did, but in the manner explained below: 3 Verse.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997
Joshua 4:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַ֠יַּעַבְרוּvaiyaavruand they passed overH5674בְּנֵי־benei-[the] descendants ofH1121רְאוּבֵ֨ןreuvenReubenH7205וּבְנֵי־uvenei-and [the] descendants ofH1121גָ֜דgadGadH1410וַחֲצִ֨יvachatziand [the] half ofH2677שֵׁ֤בֶטshevet[the] tribe ofH7626הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙hamnasheh<the> ManassehH4519חֲמֻשִׁ֔יםchamushimarrayed for battleH2571לִפְנֵ֖יlifnei<to> beforeH6440בְּנֵ֣יbenei[the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רkaasherjust asH834דִּבֶּ֥רdiberhe had spokenH1696אֲלֵיהֶ֖םʾaleihemto themH413מֹשֶֽׁה׃moshehMosesH4872
Joshua 4:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כְּאַרְבָּעִ֥יםkearbaimabout fortyH705אֶ֖לֶףʾelefthousandH505חֲלוּצֵ֣יchalutzei<the> armed [men] ofH2502הַצָּבָ֑אhatzava'<the> warH6635עָבְר֞וּʾaveruthey passed overH5674לִפְנֵ֤יlifnei<to> beforeH6440יְהוָה֙yahwehYahwehH3068לַמִּלְחָמָ֔הlamilchamahfor <the> battleH4421אֶ֖לʾeltoH413עַֽרְב֥וֹתarvot[the] plains ofH6160יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ סyerichoJerichoH3405
Joshua 4:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
בַּיּ֣וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַה֗וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931גִּדַּ֤לgidalhe made greatH1431יְהוָה֙yahwehYahwehH3068אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַyehoshua'JoshuaH3091בְּעֵינֵ֖יbeeineiin [the] eyes ofH5869כָּל־kol-allH3605יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478וַיִּֽרְא֣וּvaiyiruand they fearedH3372אֹת֔וֹʾoto<obj.> himH853כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רkaasherjust asH834יָרְא֥וּyareuthey had fearedH3372אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מֹשֶׁ֖הmoshehMosesH4872כָּל־kol-allH3605יְמֵ֥יyemei[the] days ofH3117חַיָּֽיו׃ פchaiyavlife hisH2416
Joshua 4:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Joshua 4:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Joshua 4:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Joshua 4:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַ֠יְהִיvayhiand it wasH1961כַּעֲל֨וֹתkaalotjust as came upH5927הַכֹּהֲנִ֜יםhakohanimthe priestsH3548נֹשְׂאֵ֨יnoseei[the] bearers ofH5375אֲר֤וֹןʾaron[the] ark ofH727בְּרִית־berit-[the] covenant ofH1285יְהוָה֙yahwehYahwehH3068מִתּ֣וֹךְmitokhfrom [the] middle ofH8432הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383נִתְּק֗וּnitekuthey were drawn outH5423כַּפּוֹת֙kapot[the] soles ofH3709רַגְלֵ֣יraglei[the] feet ofH7272הַכֹּהֲנִ֔יםhakohanimthe priestsH3548אֶ֖לʾeltoH413הֶחָרָבָ֑הhecharavahthe dry groundH2724וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּvaiyashuvuand they returnedH7725מֵֽי־mei-[the] waters ofH4325הַיַּרְדֵּן֙haiyardenthe JordanH3383לִמְקוֹמָ֔םlimkomamto place theirH4725וַיֵּלְכ֥וּvaiyelekhuand they wentH1980כִתְמוֹל־khitmol-as yesterdayH8543שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹםshilshomthree days agoH8032עַל־ʾal-overH5921כָּל־kol-allH3605גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃gedotavbanks itsH1415
Gilgal: a memorial built for the children's question19
Joshua 4:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָעָ֗םvehaamand the peopleH5971עָלוּ֙ʾaluthey went upH5927מִן־min-fromH4480הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹרbeasoron the tenH6218לַחֹ֣דֶשׁlachodeshof the monthH2320הָרִאשׁ֑וֹןharishon<the> firstH7223וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙vaiyachanuand they encampedH2583בַּגִּלְגָּ֔לbagilgalat <the> GilgalH1537בִּקְצֵ֖הbiktzehon [the] edge ofH7097מִזְרַ֥חmizrach[the] east ofH4217יְרִיחֽוֹ׃yerichoJerichoH3405
Joshua 4:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאֵת֩veetand <obj.>H853שְׁתֵּ֨יםsheteimtwo [plus]H8147עֶשְׂרֵ֤הʾesrehtenH6240הָֽאֲבָנִים֙haavanimthe stonesH68הָאֵ֔לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhichH834לָקְח֖וּlakechuthey had takenH3947מִן־min-fromH4480הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383הֵקִ֥יםhekimhe set upH6965יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַyehoshua'JoshuaH3091בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃bagilgalat <the> GilgalH1537
Joshua 4:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֛אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֶל־ʾel-toH413בְּנֵ֥יbenei[the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478לֵאמֹ֑רlemor<to> sayingH559אֲשֶׁר֩ʾasherthatH834יִשְׁאָל֨וּןyishalunthey will ask !H7592בְּנֵיכֶ֤םbeneikhemchildren yourH1121מָחָר֙machartomorrowH4279אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֲבוֹתָ֣םʾavotamfathers theirH1לֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559מָ֖הmahwhat?H4100הָאֲבָנִ֥יםhaavanim[are] the stonesH68הָאֵֽלֶּה׃haeleh<the> theseH428
Joshua 4:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖םvehoda'temand you will make known toH3045אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853בְּנֵיכֶ֣םbeneikhemchildren yourH1121לֵאמֹ֑רlemor<to> sayingH559בַּיַּבָּשָׁה֙baiyabashahon the dry groundH3004עָבַ֣רʾavarit passed overH5674יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyisraelIsraelH3478אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383הַזֶּֽה׃hazeh<the> thisH2088
Joshua 4:23· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-thatH834הוֹבִישׁ֩hovishhe dried upH3001יְהוָ֨הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֜םʾeloheikhemGod yourH430אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מֵ֧יmei[the] waters ofH4325הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383מִפְּנֵיכֶ֖םmipeneikhemfrom before youH6440עַֽד־ʾad-untilH5704עָבְרְכֶ֑םʾaverekhemhad passed over youH5674כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רkaasherjust asH834עָשָׂה֩ʾasahhe didH6213יְהוָ֨הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֧םʾeloheikhemGod yourH430לְיַם־leyam-to [the] sea ofH3220ס֛וּףsufreed[s]H5488אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834הוֹבִ֥ישׁhovishhe dried upH3001מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּmipaneinufrom before usH6440עַד־ʾad-untilH5704עָבְרֵֽנוּ׃ʾaverenuhad passed over weH5674
Joshua 4:24· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
לְ֠מַעַןlemaanso asH4616דַּ֜עַתdaatto knowH3045כָּל־kol-allH3605עַמֵּ֤יʾamei[the] peoples ofH5971הָאָ֙רֶץ֙haaretzthe earthH776אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יַ֣דyad[the] hand ofH3027יְהוָ֔הyahwehYahwehH3068כִּ֥יkithatH3588חֲזָקָ֖הchazakah[is] mightyH2389הִ֑יאhi'itH1931לְמַ֧עַןlemaanso thatH4616יְרָאתֶ֛םyeratemyou may fearH3372אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יְהוָ֥הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖םʾeloheikhemGod yourH430כָּל־kol-allH3605הַיָּמִֽים׃ סhaiyamimthe daysH3117