Mark 7:4
in Mark 7And on returning from the market, they do not eat unless they wash. And there are many other traditions for them to observe, including the washing of cups, pitchers, kettles, and couches for dining.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
and when they come from the marketplace, except they bathe themselves, they eat not; and many other things there are, which they have received to hold, washings of cups, and pots, and brasen vessels.)
KJV
And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.
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This verse in Mark 7
Commentary
10 notes on this versePharisee is a name meaning "those who are set apart." They followed a way of life which they regarded as most perfect. They esteemed their way as superior to others. They affirmed the resurrection of the dead, the existence of angels, and holiness of life. They followed a rigorous way of life, practicing asceticism and sexual abstinence for periods of time and fasting twice a week. They ceremonially cleansed their pots and plates and cups, as did the scribes. They observed the paying of tithes, the offering of first fruits, and the recitation of many prayers.
This site's exposition
except they wash their hands oft
on Mark 7:3-4
Mark's explanatory aside describes a whole system of ceremonial washing, hands before eating, purification after the marketplace, and the washing of cups, pots, brasen vessels and tables, none of it commanded in the law of Moses but developed as the tradition of the elders, an oral body of interpretation the Pharisees treated as binding as Scripture itself. The bench notes Mark writes this explanation for readers who would not otherwise know why unwashed hands mattered at all, a detail confirming the Gospel's audience beyond Judea. The tradition was not hygiene but ritual purity, guarding against contact with anything considered common.
The record, by era
The Medieval Church2 voices
It is a superstitious tradition of men to wash frequently before eating bread, once washed, and not to eat unless they baptize themselves from the market. But the doctrine of truth is necessary, which orders those who wish to participate with the bread of life …
(ubi sup.) For taking the spiritual words of the Prophets in a carnal sense, they observed, by washing the body alone, commandments which concerned the chastening of the heart and deeds, saying Wash you, make you clean; (Isa. 1:16) and again, Be ye clean that bear the vessels of the Lord. (Isa. 52:11) It is therefore a superstitious human tradition, that men who are clean already, should wash oftener because they eat bread, and that they should not eat on leaving the market, without washing. But it is necessary for those who desire to partake of the bread which comes down from heaven, often to cleanse their evil deeds by alms, by tears, and the other fruits of righteousness. It is also necessary for a man to wash thoroughly away the pollutions which he has contracted from the cares of temporal business, by being afterwards intent on good thoughts and works. In vain, however, do the Jews wash their hands, and cleanse themselves after the market, so long as they refuse to be washed in the font of the Saviour; in vain do they observe the washing of their vessels, who neglect to wash away the filthy sins of their bodies and of their hearts. It goes on: Then the Scribes and Pharisees asked him, Why walk not thy disciples after the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with common hands?
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
Washing of cups and pots and brazen vessels and couches - The Greek word (baptisms) means indifferently either washing or sprinkling. The cups, pots, and vessels were washed; the couches sprinkled.
And when they come from the market,....
What the practice of Christ's disciples was; they knew what the law was, and the common usage; but they understood themselves so well that they would not be bound up by it: they ate bread with defiled, that is, with unwashen, hands,
3 more voices on this verse
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
And when they come - This clause is added by our translators, to fill up the sense; but it was probably a part of the original: for εαν ελθωσι is the reading of the Codex Bezae, Vulgate, Armenian, and most of the Itala. The clause in my old MS. Bible is read thus: And thei turninge agein fro chepinge. The words seem essentially necessary to a proper understanding of the text; and, if not admitted on the above authority, they must be supplied in italics, as in our common translation.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1857)
proposed
This passage contains a humbling picture of what human nature is capable of doing in religion. It is one of those Scriptures which ought to be frequently and diligently studied by all who desire the prosperity of the Church of Christ. The first thing which demands our attention in these verses, is the low and degraded condition of Jewish religion, when our Lord was upon earth . What can be more deplorable than the statement now before us? We find the principal teachers of the Jewish nation finding fault, "because our Lord's disciples ate bread with unwashed hands!" We are told that they attached great importance to the washing of cups, and pots, and bronze vessels, and tables!" In short, the man who paid most rigid attention to mere external observances of human invention was reckoned the holiest man! The nation, be it remembered, in which this state of things existed, was the most highly favored in the world. To it, was given the law on Mount Sinai, the service of God, the priesthood, the covenants, and the promises. Moses, and Samuel, and David, and the prophets, lived and died among its people. No nation upon earth ever had so many spiritual privileges. No nation ever misused its privileges so fearfully, and so thoroughly forsook its own mercies. Never did fine gold become so dim! From the religion of the books of Deuteronomy and Psalms, to the religion of washing hands, and pots, and cups — how great was the fall! No wonder that in the time of our Lord's earthly ministry, He found the people like sheep without a shepherd. External observances alone feed no consciences and sanctify no hearts! Let the history of the Jewish church be a warning to us never to trifle with false doctrine. If we once tolerate it we never know how far it may go, or into what degraded state of religion we may at last fall.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1857)
proposed
This passage contains a humbling picture of what human nature is capable of doing in religion. It is one of those Scriptures which ought to be frequently and diligently studied by all who desire the prosperity of the Church of Christ. The first thing which demands our attention in these verses, is the low and degraded condition of Jewish religion, when our Lord was upon earth . What can be more deplorable than the statement now before us? We find the principal teachers of the Jewish nation finding fault, "because our Lord's disciples ate bread with unwashed hands!"
How the passage was read
On Mark 7:1-23On Mark 7:1-23
Mark explaining Jewish practice to outsiders
Mark pauses mid-story to explain handwashing to his readers: “the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat not” (7:3-4). A Gospel writer translating Jewish practice for outsiders is this layer's own method inside the canon. The washing is netilat yadayim, a ritual pouring over the hands before bread, extending priestly purity to the ordinary table; the Mishnah gives it a whole tractate (Yadayim 1:1), and its schools debated the meal's washings in detail (Berakhot 8:2 records a Hillel-Shammai dispute over the order of washing and mixing the cup). The korban vow Jesus then confronts, property locked away from one's parents by a dedication formula, is explained in this site's note on Numbers 30.
Verse 19's closing phrase, which most translations render “thus he declared all foods clean,” asks for plain honesty at the point of contact: observant Judaism keeps the food laws (kashrut) to this day and does not read the verse as ending them; the Christian church, reading Mark with Acts 10 and 15, historically has. The entry states the difference as difference. What both readings share is the verse's own center: defilement is not conquered at the lips but at the heart, “for from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts.”
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Sources: Mishnah Yadayim 1:1 (the handwashing rite) · Mishnah Berakhot 8:2 (the schools on the meal's washings)
The words behind it
23 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἀπ᾽ | ap᾽ | [on coming] from | G575 → | 640 times |
| ἀγορᾶς | agoras | [the] market | G58 → | 11 times |
| ἐὰν | ean | only | G1437 → | 352 times |
| μὴ | me | unless | G3361 → | 1066 times |
| βαπτίσωνται, | baptisontai | they shall wash | G907 → | 76 times |
| οὐκ | ouk | not | G3756 → | 1664 times |
| ἐσθίουσιν· | esthiousin | they eat; | G2068 → | 65 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἄλλα | alla | other things | G243 → | 155 times |
| πολλά | polla | many | G4183 → | 367 times |
| ἐστιν | estin | there are | G1510 → | 2333 times |
| ἃ | ha | which | G3739 → | 1405 times |
| παρέλαβον | parelabon | they received | G3880 → | 49 times |
| κρατεῖν, | kratein | to keep | G2902 → | 47 times |
| βαπτισμοὺς | baptismous | washings | G909 → | |
| ποτηρίων | poterion | of cups | G4221 → | 31 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ξεστῶν | xeston | vessels | G3582 → | |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| χαλκίων | chalkion | utensils | G5473 → | |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| κλινῶν.¶ | klinon | couches for dining. | G2825 → | 9 times |
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἀπ᾽[on coming] from
ap᾽G575 →640 times
ἀγορᾶς[the] market
agorasG58 →11 times
ἐὰνonly
eanG1437 →352 times
μὴunless
meG3361 →1066 times
βαπτίσωνται,they shall wash
baptisontaiG907 →76 times
οὐκnot
oukG3756 →1664 times
ἐσθίουσιν·they eat;
esthiousinG2068 →65 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἄλλαother things
allaG243 →155 times
πολλάmany
pollaG4183 →367 times
ἐστινthere are
estinG1510 →2333 times
ἃwhich
haG3739 →1405 times
παρέλαβονthey received
parelabonG3880 →49 times
κρατεῖν,to keep
krateinG2902 →47 times
βαπτισμοὺςwashings
baptismousG909 →
ποτηρίωνof cups
poterionG4221 →31 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ξεστῶνvessels
xestonG3582 →
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
χαλκίωνutensils
chalkionG5473 →
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
κλινῶν.¶couches for dining.
klinonG2825 →9 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Isaiah 1:16Wash and cleanse yourselves. Remove your evil deeds from My sight. Stop doing evil!
it leads to
- 1 Peter 3:11
He must turn from evil and do good; he must seek peace and pursue it.
- Isaiah 55:6–7
Seek the LORD while He may be found; call on Him while He is near.
- 1 Peter 2:1
Rid yourselves, therefore, of all malice, deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and slander.
- 2 Corinthians 7:1
Therefore, beloved, since we have these promises, let us cleanse ourselves from everything that defiles body and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.
- James 4:8
Draw near to God, and He will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded.
- 1 Peter 3:11
Through
Matthew 23:25Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.
it leads to
- Luke 11:39–40
“Now then,” said the Lord, “you Pharisees clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside you are full of greed and wickedness.
- Luke 11:39–40
Through
John 2:6Now six stone water jars had been set there for the Jewish rites of purification. Each could hold from twenty to thirty gallons.
it leads to
- John 3:25
Then a dispute arose between John’s disciples and a certain Jew over the issue of ceremonial washing.
- Ephesians 5:26
to sanctify her, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word,
- John 3:25
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies1
About Mark

This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Bede, On the Gospel of Mark; Bede, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); John Damascene, ON HERESIES 15; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Lightfoot, Horae Hebraicae et Talmudicae; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
