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Esther 1:19

in Esther 1

So if it pleases the king, let him issue a royal decree, and let it be recorded in the laws of Persia and Media so that it cannot be repealed, that Vashti shall never again enter the presence of King Xerxes, and that her royal position shall be given to a woman better than she.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

If it please the king, let there go forth a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, that Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she.

KJV

If it please the king, let there go a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, That Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she.

This verse in Esther 1

Commentary

10 notes on this verse

A commentator

Rabanus Maurus

EXPLANATION ON THE BOOK OF ESTHER 2 · Written before 856.

The advice which King Ahasuerus asks of his seven sages who were, according to royal custom always by his side, concerning the insolent Vashti—as well as the sentence he orders them to pass concerning her—undoubtedly signifies the sentence our Savior passes against the arrogance of …

This site's exposition

So if it pleases the king

on Esther 1:19-20

Memucan's remedy is written into "the laws of Persia and Media so that it cannot be repealed". Vashti loses her place, and "her royal position shall be given to a woman better than she". Keil notes a law made unchangeable returns at 8:8, where a sealed decree cannot be revoked.

The record, by era

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Rabanus Maurus

Commentary on Esther · Written before 856.

proposed

But let us hear what Scripture has to say about the stubbornness of Vashti, that most foolish of queens: "So the king was angered, and enflamed by his excessive rage he questioned his wise men, who were always at his side according to royal custom; …

The Puritans and the Awakening4 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

The consequence of this, it was hoped, would be that the wives would give to their husbands honour, even the wives of the great, notwithstanding their own greatness, and the wives of the small, notwithstanding the husband's meanness (

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

8 And the drinking was according to the law; none did compel: for so the king had appointed to all the officers of his house, that they should do according to every man's pleasure. 9 Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women in the royal house which belonged to king Ahasuerus. Which of the kings of Persia this Ahasuerus was the learned are not agreed.

quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — scripture-overlap:88%@v8-10

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

How does this Heathen prince shame many, that are called Christians, who think they do not make their friends welcome, unless they make them drunk, and under pretense of sending the health round, send the sin round, and death with it! Women - While the king entertained the men. For this was the common custom of the Persians, that men and women did not feast together.
If it please the king, let there go a royal commandment from him,....
3 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

That it be not altered - Compare the margin reference. This was the theory. Practically, the monarch, if he chose, could always dispense with the law. It was therefore quite within his power to restore Vashti to her queenly dignity notwithstanding the present decree, if he so pleased.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

The combined wisdom of all, it seems, was enlisted to consult with the king what course should be taken after so unprecedented an occurrence as Vashti's disobedience of the royal summons. It is scarcely possible for us to imagine the astonishment produced by such a refusal in a country and a court where the will of the sovereign was absolute.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

That it be not altered - Let it be inserted among the permanent laws, and made a part of the constitution of the empire. Perhaps the Persians affected such a degree of wisdom in the construction of their laws, that they never could be amended, and should never be repeated. And this we may understand to be the ground of the saying, The laws of the Medes and Persians, that change not.

The words behind it

27 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • אִם־if

    ʾim-H518 →1069 times

  • עַל־[is] on

    ʾal-H5921 →5755 times

  • הַמֶּ֣לֶךְthe king

    hamelekhH4428 →2525 times

  • ט֗וֹבgood

    tovH2896 →538 times

  • יֵצֵ֤אlet it go forth

    yetze'H3318 →1067 times

  • דְבַר־a word of

    devar-H1697 →1440 times

  • מַלְכוּת֙royalty

    malkhutH4438 →91 times

  • מִלְּפָנָ֔יוfrom to before him

    milefanavH6440 →2123 times

  • וְיִכָּתֵ֛בand let it be written

    veyikatevH3789 →224 times

  • בְּדָתֵ֥יin [the] laws of

    bedateiH1881 →22 times

  • פָֽרַס־Persia

    faras-H6539 →28 times

  • וּמָדַ֖יand Media

    umadaiH4074 →16 times

  • וְלֹ֣אand not

    velo'H3808 →5168 times

  • יַעֲב֑וֹרit will pass away

    yaavorH5674 →556 times

  • אֲשֶׁ֨רthat

    ʾasherH834 →5497 times

  • לֹֽא־not

    lo'-H3808 →5168 times

  • תָב֜וֹאshe will come

    tavo'H935 →2568 times

  • וַשְׁתִּ֗יVashti

    vashtiH2060 →10 times

  • לִפְנֵי֙<to> before

    lifneiH6440 →2123 times

  • הַמֶּ֣לֶךְthe king

    hamelekhH4428 →2525 times

  • אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁAhasuerus

    ʾachashverooshH325 →31 times

  • וּמַלְכוּתָהּ֙and queenhood her

    umalkhutahH4438 →91 times

  • יִתֵּ֣ןlet him give

    yitenH5414 →2011 times

  • הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe king

    hamelekhH4428 →2525 times

  • לִרְעוּתָ֖הּto fellow woman her

    lirutahH7468 →

  • הַטּוֹבָ֥ה<the> good

    hatovahH2896 →538 times

  • מִמֶּֽנָּה׃more than she

    mimenahH4480 →1188 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Esther 8:8

    Now you may write in the king’s name as you please regarding the Jews, and seal it with the royal signet ring. For a decree that is written in the name of the king…

    it leads to

    • Esther 3:12

      On the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of…

    • Hebrews 6:17–18

      So when God wanted to make the unchanging nature of His purpose very clear to the heirs of the promise, He guaranteed it with an oath.

    • 1 Kings 21:8

      Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city.

    • Esther 8:5

      “If it pleases the king,” she said, “and if I have found favor in his sight, and the matter seems proper to the king, and I am pleasing in his sight, may an order…

    • Daniel 6:12–15

      So they approached the king and asked about his royal decree: “Did you not sign a decree that for thirty days any man who petitions any god or man except you, O king, will…

  • Through

    1 Samuel 15:28

    So Samuel said to him, “The LORD has torn the kingdom of Israel from you today and has given it to your neighbor who is better than you.

    it leads to

    • 1 Samuel 28:17–18

      He has done exactly what He spoke through me: The LORD has torn the kingship out of your hand and given it to your neighbor David.

  • Through

    Esther 8:5

    “If it pleases the king,” she said, “and if I have found favor in his sight, and the matter seems proper to the king, and I am pleasing in his sight, may an order…

    it leads to

    • Esther 7:3

      Queen Esther replied, “If I have found favor in your sight, O king, and if it pleases the king, grant me my life as my petition, and the lives of my people as my…

    • Esther 3:12–13

      On the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of…

Where this verse is studied

About Esther

Queen Vashti Refuses to Obey Ahasuerus' Command — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Queen Vashti Refuses to Obey Ahasuerus' Command — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Keil, The Books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Rabanus Maurus, EXPLANATION ON THE BOOK OF ESTHER 2 and Rabanus Maurus, Commentary on Esther.