Esther 1:3
in Esther 1In the third year of his reign, Xerxes held a feast for all his officials and servants. The military leaders of Persia and Media were there, along with the nobles and princes of the provinces.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
in the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him;
KJV
In the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him:
⋯
This verse in Esther 1
Commentary
9 notes on this verseIn the third year of his reign he made a feast unto all his princes, and his servants,.... The nobles and officers in his court; on what account this was cannot be said with certainty, whether the first day of it was his birthday, or the day of his coming to the throne, on which day Xerxes used to make a feast annually, as Herodotus relates (f): the power of Persia and Media; the mighty men therein, the potentates thereof; or the "army", the principal officers of it: the nobles and princes of the provinces being with him.
This site's exposition
who reigned over 127 provinces
on Esther 1:1-4
Xerxes reigned over "127 provinces from India to Cush," and his display of wealth ran "for a full 180 days". Keil set the gathering beside Herodotus, who records a council Xerxes held before his war on Greece, a match the evidence supports without settling.
This site's exposition
In the third year
The occasion of the feast is left unstated. Gill weighed the king's birthday, and the Chaldee paraphrase, as Henry reports it, made the feast a celebration of a rebellion put down. Barnes notes the word for nobles means the first men and was taken from the language of Persia.
The record, by era
The Medieval Church3 voices
Though these preparations for so rich a feast seem intended to portray in concrete terms the parade of wealth and the abundance of delights possessed by a powerful king, it is actually a very sanctified allegory which symbolizes the magnitude of spiritual riches, and the …
"So in the third year of his rule, King Ahasuerus held a grand feast for all his officials and young men, the famous heroes of Persia and Media, and the chiefs of the provinces in his presence, so that he could show off the wealth …
Even though from the historical point of view it simply appears to show the abundance of riches and the luxury of delights of a powerful king, … according to the holier mystery of our most powerful king, namely, Our Lord Christ, this preparation of a …
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
The Chaldee paraphrast (who is very bold in his additions to the story of this book) says that there had been a rebellion among his subjects and that this feast was kept for joy of the quashing of it.
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
In the third year - In this year, 483 B.C., Xerxes assembled the governors of provinces at Susa, in connection with his contemplated expedition against Greece. The nobles - literally, “the first men.” The Hebrew word used is one adopted from the Persian.
1 more voice on this verse
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
The ancient palace of Susa has been recently disinterred from an incumbent mass of earth and ruins; and in that palace, which is, beyond all doubt, the actual edifice referred to in this passage, there is a great hall of marble pillars. "The position of the great colonnade corresponds with the account here given.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — odd-straight-quotes
The words behind it
15 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| בִּשְׁנַ֤ת | bishnat | in year | H8141 → | 877 times |
| שָׁלוֹשׁ֙ | shalovosh | three | H7969 → | 432 times |
| לְמָלְכ֔וֹ | lemalekho | of reigning his | H4427 → | 348 times |
| עָשָׂ֣ה | ʾasah | he made | H6213 → | 2628 times |
| מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה | mishteh | a feast | H4960 → | 46 times |
| לְכָל־ | lekhol | for all | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| שָׂרָ֖יו | sarav | officials his | H8269 → | 421 times |
| וַעֲבָדָ֑יו | vaavadav | and servants his | H5650 → | 799 times |
| חֵ֣יל׀ | cheil | [the] army of | H2428 → | |
| פָּרַ֣ס | paras | Persia | H6539 → | 28 times |
| וּמָדַ֗י | umadai | and Media | H4074 → | 16 times |
| הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛ים | hapartemim | the nobles | H6579 → | |
| וְשָׂרֵ֥י | vesarei | and [the] officials of | H8269 → | 421 times |
| הַמְּדִינ֖וֹת | hamedinot | the provinces | H4082 → | 53 times |
| לְפָנָֽיו׃ | lefanav | [were] <to> before him | H6440 → | 2123 times |
בִּשְׁנַ֤תin year
bishnatH8141 →877 times
שָׁלוֹשׁ֙three
shalovoshH7969 →432 times
לְמָלְכ֔וֹof reigning his
lemalekhoH4427 →348 times
עָשָׂ֣הhe made
ʾasahH6213 →2628 times
מִשְׁתֶּ֔הa feast
mishtehH4960 →46 times
לְכָל־for all
lekholH3605 →5413 times
שָׂרָ֖יוofficials his
saravH8269 →421 times
וַעֲבָדָ֑יוand servants his
vaavadavH5650 →799 times
חֵ֣יל׀[the] army of
cheilH2428 →
פָּרַ֣סPersia
parasH6539 →28 times
וּמָדַ֗יand Media
umadaiH4074 →16 times
הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛יםthe nobles
hapartemimH6579 →
וְשָׂרֵ֥יand [the] officials of
vesareiH8269 →421 times
הַמְּדִינ֖וֹתthe provinces
hamedinotH4082 →53 times
לְפָנָֽיו׃[were] <to> before him
lefanavH6440 →2123 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Mark 6:21On Herod’s birthday, her opportunity arose. Herod held a banquet for his nobles and military commanders and the leading men of Galilee.
it leads to
- Genesis 40:20
On the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, he held a feast for all his officials, and in their presence he lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Esther 2:18
Then the king held a great banquet, Esther’s banquet, for all his officials and servants. He proclaimed a tax holiday in the provinces and gave gifts worthy of the king’s bounty.
- Genesis 40:20
Through
Esther 2:18Then the king held a great banquet, Esther’s banquet, for all his officials and servants. He proclaimed a tax holiday in the provinces and gave gifts worthy of the king’s bounty.
it leads to
- Revelation 11:10
And those who dwell on the earth will gloat over them, and will celebrate and send one another gifts, because these two prophets had tormented them.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Revelation 11:10
Through
Genesis 40:20On the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, he held a feast for all his officials, and in their presence he lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker.
it leads to
- Matthew 14:6
On Herod’s birthday, however, the daughter of Herodias danced before them and pleased Herod
- Genesis 40:19
Within three days Pharaoh will lift off your head and hang you on a tree. Then the birds will eat the flesh of your body.”
- Genesis 40:13
Within three days Pharaoh will lift up your head and restore your position. You will put Pharaoh’s cup in his hand, just as you did when you were his cupbearer.
- Matthew 14:6
Through
1 Kings 3:15Then Solomon awoke, and indeed it had been a dream. So he returned to Jerusalem, stood before the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. Then he…
it leads to
- 1 Kings 8:65
So at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast before the LORD our God for seven days and seven more…
- Genesis 41:7
And the thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven plump, ripe ones. Then Pharaoh awoke and realized it was a dream.
- 1 Kings 8:65
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies5
On this verse
About Esther

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson Fausset and Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Keil, The Books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Rabanus Maurus, Commentary on Esther and Rabanus Maurus, EXPLANATION ON THE BOOK OF ESTHER 1.
