Skip to content
mannafest.faith

Esther 1:3

in Esther 1

In the third year of his reign, Xerxes held a feast for all his officials and servants. The military leaders of Persia and Media were there, along with the nobles and princes of the provinces.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

in the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him;

KJV

In the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him:

This verse in Esther 1

Commentary

9 notes on this verse
In the third year of his reign he made a feast unto all his princes, and his servants,.... The nobles and officers in his court; on what account this was cannot be said with certainty, whether the first day of it was his birthday, or the day of his coming to the throne, on which day Xerxes used to make a feast annually, as Herodotus relates (f): the power of Persia and Media; the mighty men therein, the potentates thereof; or the "army", the principal officers of it: the nobles and princes of the provinces being with him.

This site's exposition

who reigned over 127 provinces

on Esther 1:1-4

Xerxes reigned over "127 provinces from India to Cush," and his display of wealth ran "for a full 180 days". Keil set the gathering beside Herodotus, who records a council Xerxes held before his war on Greece, a match the evidence supports without settling.

This site's exposition

In the third year

The occasion of the feast is left unstated. Gill weighed the king's birthday, and the Chaldee paraphrase, as Henry reports it, made the feast a celebration of a rebellion put down. Barnes notes the word for nobles means the first men and was taken from the language of Persia.

The record, by era

The Medieval Church3 voices

A commentator

Rabanus Maurus

Commentary on Esther · Written before 856.

proposed

Though these preparations for so rich a feast seem intended to portray in concrete terms the parade of wealth and the abundance of delights possessed by a powerful king, it is actually a very sanctified allegory which symbolizes the magnitude of spiritual riches, and the …

A commentator

Rabanus Maurus

Commentary on Esther · Written before 856.

proposed

"So in the third year of his rule, King Ahasuerus held a grand feast for all his officials and young men, the famous heroes of Persia and Media, and the chiefs of the provinces in his presence, so that he could show off the wealth …

A commentator

Rabanus Maurus

EXPLANATION ON THE BOOK OF ESTHER 1 · Written before 856.

proposed

Even though from the historical point of view it simply appears to show the abundance of riches and the luxury of delights of a powerful king, … according to the holier mystery of our most powerful king, namely, Our Lord Christ, this preparation of a …

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

The Chaldee paraphrast (who is very bold in his additions to the story of this book) says that there had been a rebellion among his subjects and that this feast was kept for joy of the quashing of it.

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

In the third year - In this year, 483 B.C., Xerxes assembled the governors of provinces at Susa, in connection with his contemplated expedition against Greece. The nobles - literally, “the first men.” The Hebrew word used is one adopted from the Persian.
1 more voice on this verse

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

The ancient palace of Susa has been recently disinterred from an incumbent mass of earth and ruins; and in that palace, which is, beyond all doubt, the actual edifice referred to in this passage, there is a great hall of marble pillars. "The position of the great colonnade corresponds with the account here given.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — odd-straight-quotes

The words behind it

15 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • בִּשְׁנַ֤תin year

    bishnatH8141 →877 times

  • שָׁלוֹשׁ֙three

    shalovoshH7969 →432 times

  • לְמָלְכ֔וֹof reigning his

    lemalekhoH4427 →348 times

  • עָשָׂ֣הhe made

    ʾasahH6213 →2628 times

  • מִשְׁתֶּ֔הa feast

    mishtehH4960 →46 times

  • לְכָל־for all

    lekholH3605 →5413 times

  • שָׂרָ֖יוofficials his

    saravH8269 →421 times

  • וַעֲבָדָ֑יוand servants his

    vaavadavH5650 →799 times

  • חֵ֣יל׀[the] army of

    cheilH2428 →

  • פָּרַ֣סPersia

    parasH6539 →28 times

  • וּמָדַ֗יand Media

    umadaiH4074 →16 times

  • הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛יםthe nobles

    hapartemimH6579 →

  • וְשָׂרֵ֥יand [the] officials of

    vesareiH8269 →421 times

  • הַמְּדִינ֖וֹתthe provinces

    hamedinotH4082 →53 times

  • לְפָנָֽיו׃[were] <to> before him

    lefanavH6440 →2123 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Mark 6:21

    On Herod’s birthday, her opportunity arose. Herod held a banquet for his nobles and military commanders and the leading men of Galilee.

    it leads to

    • Genesis 40:20

      On the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, he held a feast for all his officials, and in their presence he lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Esther 2:18

      Then the king held a great banquet, Esther’s banquet, for all his officials and servants. He proclaimed a tax holiday in the provinces and gave gifts worthy of the king’s bounty.

  • Through

    Esther 2:18

    Then the king held a great banquet, Esther’s banquet, for all his officials and servants. He proclaimed a tax holiday in the provinces and gave gifts worthy of the king’s bounty.

    it leads to

    • Revelation 11:10

      And those who dwell on the earth will gloat over them, and will celebrate and send one another gifts, because these two prophets had tormented them.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

  • Through

    Genesis 40:20

    On the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, he held a feast for all his officials, and in their presence he lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker.

    it leads to

    • Matthew 14:6

      On Herod’s birthday, however, the daughter of Herodias danced before them and pleased Herod

    • Genesis 40:19

      Within three days Pharaoh will lift off your head and hang you on a tree. Then the birds will eat the flesh of your body.”

    • Genesis 40:13

      Within three days Pharaoh will lift up your head and restore your position. You will put Pharaoh’s cup in his hand, just as you did when you were his cupbearer.

  • Through

    1 Kings 3:15

    Then Solomon awoke, and indeed it had been a dream. So he returned to Jerusalem, stood before the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. Then he…

    it leads to

    • 1 Kings 8:65

      So at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast before the LORD our God for seven days and seven more…

    • Genesis 41:7

      And the thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven plump, ripe ones. Then Pharaoh awoke and realized it was a dream.

Where this verse is studied

About Esther

Queen Vashti Refuses to Obey Ahasuerus' Command — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Queen Vashti Refuses to Obey Ahasuerus' Command — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson Fausset and Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Keil, The Books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Rabanus Maurus, Commentary on Esther and Rabanus Maurus, EXPLANATION ON THE BOOK OF ESTHER 1.