Luke 18:20
in Luke 18You know the commandments: ‘Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not bear false witness, honor your father and mother.’”
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honor thy father and mother.
KJV
Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honour thy father and thy mother.
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This verse in Luke 18
Commentary
13 notes on this verseHonour is concerned not only with paying respect, but also with giving bountifully. For it is honouring to reward deserts. Feed thy father, feed thy mother, and when thou hast fed them thou hast not requited all the pangs and agony thy mother underwent for thee. To the one thou owest all thou hast, to the other all thou art. What a condemnation, should the Church feed those whom thou art able to feed!
This site's exposition
to inherit eternal life
on Luke 18:18-21
Jesus answers the ruler's title first: No one is good except God alone. The commandments He then lists are duties owed to other people, and the ruler answers, All these I have kept from my youth.
This site's exposition
You know the commandments
Theophylact reads the list's order as moving from the sins men fall into most easily to the rarer ones, adultery first and then murder. Honoring father and mother comes last.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers2 voices
After instructing him in the knowledge of the faith, He adds, Thou knowest the commandments. As though He said, Know God first, and then will it be time to seek what thou askest. But you may observe that these commandments consist in not doing certain things; that if thou hast not committed adultery, thou art chaste; if thou stealest not, honestly disposed; if thou bearest not false witness, truth-telling. Virtue then we see is rendered easy through the goodness of the Lawgiver. For He speaks of avoiding of evil, not practising of good. And any cessation from action is easier than any actual work.
(in Esai. cap. 1. 23.) Now we must not understand by thieves, only such as cut strips off hides, or commit robberies in the baths. But all such also as, when appointed leaders of legions, or installed governors of states or nations, are guilty of secret embezzlement, or violent and open exactions.
The Medieval Church3 voices
Thirdly, as to the instruction, by which the salvific path is declared, he adds: You know the commandments: which is expressed more clearly in Matthew 19: "If you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments." He explains these things when he adds: Thou shalt …
The Law forbids first that into which we more easily fall, and then that into which few fall and infrequently: for example, adultery, since it is a fire from both the outside and the inside; murder, since anger is a great beast; while theft is …
You know the commandments: You shall not kill, you shall not commit adultery, you shall not steal, you shall not bear false witness. Honor your father and your mother. This is the chastity of childlike innocence, which is proposed to us for imitation if we …
5 more voices on this verse
The Medieval Church1 voice
The law first forbids those things to which we are most prone, as adultery for instance, the incitement to which is within us, and of our nature; and murder, because rage is a great and savage monster. But theft and bearing false witness are sins which men seldom fall into. And besides, the former also are the more grievous sins, therefore He places theft and bearing false witness in the second place, as both less common, and of less weight than the other. Because sin against parents, although a great crime, very rarely happens, He places it last of all, Honour thy father and mother.
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
Thou knowest the commandments,.... The ten commandments given to Moses, and delivered to people; and which they were careful to teach their children; though five are only here mentioned, and not in the order in which they stand: suggesting hereby that these must be kept, or the law must he fulfilled, and satisfaction made for the violation of it, or there can be no inheriting eternal life.
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1858)
The story we have now read is three times reported in the Gospels. Matthew, Mark and Luke were all moved by the Holy Spirit to record the history of the rich young ruler. This fact should be noticed. It shows us that there are lessons before us which demand special attention. When God would impress on Peter his duty towards the Gentiles, He sent him a vision which was repeated "three times." (Acts 10:16.) We learn, firstly, from these verses — to what lengths men may go in self-ignorance.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Thou knowest, &c.--Matthew (Mt 19:17) is more complete here: "But if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. He saith unto him, Which?--as if he had said, 'Point me out one of them which I have not kept?'--Jesus said, Thou shalt," &c.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1858)
proposed
The story we have now read is three times reported in the Gospels. Matthew, Mark and Luke were all moved by the Holy Spirit to record the history of the rich young ruler. This fact should be noticed. It shows us that there are lessons before us which demand special attention. When God would impress on Peter his duty towards the Gentiles, He sent him a vision which was repeated "three times." (Acts 10:16.) We learn, firstly, from these verses — to what lengths men may go in self-ignorance. We are told of "a certain ruler," who asked our Lord what he should "do to inherit eternal life." Our Lord knew the ruler's heart, and gave him the answer which was most likely to bring to light the real state of his soul. He reminds him of the ten commandments. He recites some of the principal requirements of the second table of the law. At once the spiritual blindness of the inquirer was detected. "All these," said the man, "I have kept from my youth up." An answer more full of darkness and self-ignorance — it is impossible to conceive! He who made it could have known nothing rightly — either about himself, or God, or God's law. Does the case of this rich ruler stand alone? Do we suppose there are none like him at the present day? If we do — then we are greatly deceived. There are thousands, it may be feared, in all our congregations, who have not the least idea of the spiritual nature of God's law, and consequently know nothing of their own sinfulness. They do not see that God requires "truth in the inward parts," and that we may break commandments in our heart and thoughts — even when we do not break them in outward actions. (Psalm 51:6, Matthew 5:21-28.) To be delivered from such blindness, is one of the first things needful to our salvation. The eyes of our understandings must be enlightened by the Holy Spirit. (Ephesians 1:18.)
The words behind it
18 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| τὰς | tas | The | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ἐντολὰς | entolas | commandments | G1785 → | 67 times |
| οἶδας· | oidas | You know: | ||
| μὴ | me | Not | G3361 → | 1066 times |
| μοιχεύσῃς, | moicheuses | shall you commit adultery, | G3431 → | 14 times |
| μὴ | me | not | G3361 → | 1066 times |
| φονεύσῃς, | phoneuses | shall you murder, | G5407 → | |
| μὴ | me | not | G3361 → | 1066 times |
| κλέψῃς, | klepses | shall you steal, | G2813 → | |
| μὴ | me | not | G3361 → | 1066 times |
| ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς, | pseudomartureses | shall you bear false witness, | G5576 → | |
| τίμα | tima | do honor | G5091 → | |
| τὸν | ton | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| πατέρα | patera | father | G3962 → | 410 times |
| σου | sou | of you | G4771 → | 2973 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| τὴν | ten | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| μητέρα | metera | mother | G3384 → | 83 times |
τὰςThe
tasG3588 →19766 times
ἐντολὰςcommandments
entolasG1785 →67 times
οἶδας·You know:
oidas
μὴNot
meG3361 →1066 times
μοιχεύσῃς,shall you commit adultery,
moicheusesG3431 →14 times
μὴnot
meG3361 →1066 times
φονεύσῃς,shall you murder,
phoneusesG5407 →
μὴnot
meG3361 →1066 times
κλέψῃς,shall you steal,
klepsesG2813 →
μὴnot
meG3361 →1066 times
ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς,shall you bear false witness,
pseudomarturesesG5576 →
τίμαdo honor
timaG5091 →
τὸνthe
tonG3588 →19766 times
πατέραfather
pateraG3962 →410 times
σουof you
souG4771 →2973 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
τὴνthe
tenG3588 →19766 times
μητέραmother
meteraG3384 →83 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Ephesians 6:2“Honor your father and mother” (which is the first commandment with a promise),
it leads to
- Exodus 20:12
Honor your father and mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you.
- Deuteronomy 27:16
‘Cursed is he who dishonors his father or mother.’ And let all the people say, ‘Amen!’
- Matthew 15:4–6
For God said, ‘Honor your father and mother’ and ‘Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.’
- Exodus 20:12
Through
Romans 13:9The commandments “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder,” “Do not steal,” “Do not covet,” and any other commandments, are summed up in this one decree: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”
it leads to
- Exodus 20:12–17
Honor your father and mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you.
- Matthew 22:39
And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’
- Luke 10:27
He answered, “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind’ and ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’”
- Mark 12:31
The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ No other commandment is greater than these.”
- Deuteronomy 5:16–21
Honor your father and your mother, as the LORD your God has commanded you, so that your days may be long and that it may go well with you in the land that the…
- Exodus 20:12–17
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About Luke

This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Ambrose of Milan, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Basil of Caesarea, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bede, On the Gospel of Luke; Bonaventure, Commentary on Luke, Chapter 18; J. C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels, Luke; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Luke; Theophylact of Ohrid, Catena Aurea by Aquinas and Titus of Bostra, Catena Aurea by Aquinas.
