John 9:21
in John 9But how he can now see or who opened his eyes, we do not know. Ask him. He is old enough to speak for himself.”
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
but how he now seeth, we know not; or who opened his eyes, we know not: ask him; he is of age; he shall speak for himself.
KJV
But by what means he now seeth, we know not; or who hath opened his eyes, we know not: he is of age; ask him: he shall speak for himself.
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This verse in John 9
Commentary
16 notes on this verseBesides having spoken falsely, they committed another sin by exposing their son to obvious harm. But I think this also has a reason. When the Savior opened the eyes of the blind man, he did not open those of a child but of one full grown so that he might see as a full-grown man. But such was also the case with other blind men who received sight. However, it is true that he being of full age can speak for himself, and especially so when Jesus makes him receive his sight.
This site's exposition
until they summoned his parents
on John 9:18-23
The leaders summon the parents, and the parents certify the two facts only they could: he is their son, and he was born blind. The third question they hand back to their son, who is old enough to speak for himself. Fear of expulsion from the synagogue governs the room.
This site's exposition
He is old enough to speak
Clarke renders old enough as he has stature. Clarke puts that age among the Jews at thirty, while Barnes puts the age to speak for oneself at thirteen. Origen says the parents spoke falsely when they said we do not know, and put their son in harm's way.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers2 voices
(Tr. xliv. 10) As f to say, We might justly be compelled to speak for an infant, that could not speak for itself: but he, though blind from his birth, has been always able to speak.
Now when there were three questions asked, whether he was their son, whether he had been blind, and how he received his sight, the parents only acknowledged two of them, but do not add the third. And this came to pass for the sake of the truth, in order that none other save the man that was healed, who was also worthy of credit, should acknowledge this matter. And how would the parents have favored Christ, when even of what they knew some part they spake not through fear of the Jews? What say they? "We know that this is our son, and that he was born blind; but by what means he now seeth we know not, or who hath opened his eyes we know not; he is of age, he shall speak for himself." By making him to be worthy of credit, they begged off themselves; "He is not a child, say they, nor incapable, but able to testify for himself."
The Medieval Church3 voices
But how he now sees, we do not know; or who opened his eyes, we do not know: because, namely, we were not present, nor do we know more than you, nor is it necessary to ask us, but rather him: whence they say: Ask …
The Pharisees posed three questions to the parents of the blind man: 1) is this their son? 2) was he born blind? and 3) how did he come to see? To the first two questions they answer affirmatively, that this is their son and that …
1333 Then, the answer of his parents is given (v 20). The Pharisees had asked about three things; they answer firmly about two and in regard to the third they refer them to their son. First, they admit the first, namely, that he is their …
8 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
): " By what means he now seeth we know not, or who has opened his eyes we know not, otherwise than by hearsay; we can give no account either by what means or by whose hand it was done." See how the wisdom of this world teaches men to trim the matter in critical junctures. Christ was accused as a sabbath-breaker, and as an imposter.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
But by what means he now seeth we know not,....
The Nineteenth Century6 voices
He is of age - Ἡλικιαν εχει, literally, he has stature, i.e. he is a full-grown man; and in this sense the phrase is used by the best Greek writers. See Kypke and Raphelius. Mature age was fixed among the Jews at thirty years.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: John (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1869)
These verses show us how little the Jews of our Lord's time understood the right use of the Sabbath day. We read that some of the Pharisees found fault because a blind man was miraculously healed on the Sabbath. They said, "This man is not of God, because He keeps not the Sabbath day." A good work had manifestly been done to a helpless fellow-creature. A heavy bodily infirmity had been removed. A mighty act of mercy had been performed. But the blind-hearted enemies of Christ could see no beauty in the act.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
They prevaricated, however, in saying they "knew not who had opened his eyes," for "they feared the Jews," who had come to an understanding (probably after what is recorded, Joh 7:50, &c.; but by this time well known), that whoever owned Him as the Christ would be put out of the synagogue--that is, not simply excluded, but excommunicated.
THOSE of you, dear Friends, who were present this morning, will remember that our subject was "Jesus Christ Himself." [No. 1888, Vol. 23. "Jesus Christ Himself."] We dwelt upon His blessed Person. Our faith is fixed on Him, our affections are drawn to Him, our hopes all bend toward Him. Though everything He said or did is precious, yet Jesus Himself stands first in our judgment. To know Him, to believe Him, to love Him is the very essence of our Christianity. Tonight we change our theme.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: John (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1869)
proposed
These verses show us how little the Jews of our Lord's time understood the right use of the Sabbath day. We read that some of the Pharisees found fault because a blind man was miraculously healed on the Sabbath. They said, "This man is not of God, because He keeps not the Sabbath day." A good work had manifestly been done to a helpless fellow-creature. A heavy bodily infirmity had been removed. A mighty act of mercy had been performed. But the blind-hearted enemies of Christ could see no beauty in the act. They called it a breach of the Fourth Commandment! These would-be wise men completely mistook the intention of the Sabbath. They did not see that it was "made for man," and meant for the good of man's body, mind, and soul. It was a day to be set apart from others, no doubt, and to be carefully sanctified and kept holy. But its sanctification was never intended to prevent works of necessity and acts of mercy. To heal a sick man was no breach of the Sabbath day. In finding fault with our Lord for so doing, the Jews only exposed their ignorance of their own law. They had forgotten that it is as great a sin to add to a commandment, as to take it away. Here, as in other places, we must take care that we do not put a wrong meaning on our Lord's conduct. We must not for a moment suppose that the Sabbath is no longer binding on Christians, and that they have nothing to do with the Fourth Commandment. This is a great mistake, and the root of great evil. Not one of the ten commandments has ever been repealed or put aside. Our Lord never meant the Sabbath to become a day of pleasure, or a day of business, or a day of traveling and idle dissipation. He meant it to be "kept holy" as long as the world stands. It is one thing to employ the Sabbath in works of mercy, in ministering to the sick, and doing good to the distressed.
THOSE of you, dear Friends, who were present this morning, will remember that our subject was "Jesus Christ Himself." [No. 1888, Vol. 23. "Jesus Christ Himself."] We dwelt upon His blessed Person. Our faith is fixed on Him, our affections are drawn to Him, our hopes all bend toward Him. Though everything He said or did is precious, yet Jesus Himself stands first in our judgment. To know Him, to believe Him, to love Him is the very essence of our Christianity. Tonight we change our theme. There is an "himself in our text this evening—an "himself," 'tis true of a much humbler order. How do we each stand for himself? Our individuality and the personal responsibilities which fall upon ourselves in reference to Christ must not be lost sight of. If, for instance, a spiritual miracle has been worked upon us and we are obliged to confess. No, if we are delighted to confess that He has opened our eyes—then we are bound, especially those of us who are of ripe understanding, who may be said to be of full age—we are bound to bear our own personal testimony for Him. The allegation and the appeal may alike apply to each one of us, "He is of age; ask him: he shall speak for himself." Jesus Christ Himself bore our sins, as we heard this morning. He gave Himself for us. He served us, not by proxy, but by personal consecration. He served us, not by alms doled out pitifully, but by His life surrendered as a Sacrifice to God cheerfully. If He has thus commended His love to us, what less can we do in return than bear our own brave, bold, personal testimony for Him? What a parallel there is between this man's case and our own. He had suffered from a grievous, personal evil. He was born blind! So we were born in sin—sin had cast its blindness over our faculties from our very birth! We shall never forget the midnight of our nature.
How the passage was read
On John 9:1-41On John 9:1-41
Clay on the Sabbath, and the synagogue door
“He spat on the ground, and made clay of the spittle.” On the tradition's categories of Sabbath labor, kneading is forbidden work (one of the thirty-nine, Mishnah Shabbat 7:2), and mixing spittle with dust to a paste is kneading. Unlike the healings done by a word alone, here Jesus performs a nameable act, on a man blind FROM BIRTH, the definition of a chronic condition that, on the categories, could have waited until sundown. The scene reads as deliberate: the Light of the World (9:5) works on the day of rest precisely to force the question of who He is, and the interrogation that follows splits the Pharisees themselves: “How can a man that is a sinner do such miracles?” (9:16).
The parents fear being “put out of the synagogue” (9:22). Honesty about dating helps here: the formal liturgical measure some scholars connect with that phrase (birkat ha-minim, a synagogue benediction concerning heretics, discussed in the Talmud at Berakhot 28b) took shape at Yavneh after AD 70, and both its date and its original scope are debated among scholars. John narrates real local expulsion in Jesus' years; the entry does not read a later formal ban back into the scene. What the chapter itself gives is sharper than any institution: a man healed, cast out, and found by Jesus at the door: “Lord, I believe.”
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Sources: Mishnah Shabbat 7:2 (kneading among the categories) · Berakhot 28b (Babylonian Talmud, the later benediction; dating debated)
The words behind it
23 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| πῶς | pos | How | G4459 → | 103 times |
| δὲ | de | however | G1161 → | 2765 times |
| νῦν | nun | presently | G3568 → | 145 times |
| βλέπει | blepei | he sees | G991 → | 132 times |
| οὐκ | ouk | not | G3756 → | 1664 times |
| οἴδαμεν, | oidamen | we know, | ||
| ἢ | e | or | G2228 → | 342 times |
| τίς | tis | who | G5101 → | 563 times |
| ἤνοιξεν | enoixen | opened | G455 → | 77 times |
| αὐτοῦ | autou | of him | G846 → | 5565 times |
| τοὺς | tous | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ὀφθαλμοὺς | ophthalmous | eyes | G3788 → | 100 times |
| ἡμεῖς | hemeis | we ourselves | G3165 → | 1936 times |
| οὐκ | ouk | not | G3756 → | 1664 times |
| οἴδαμεν· | oidamen | know; | ||
| αὐτὸν | auton | him | G846 → | 5565 times |
| ἐρωτήσατε, | erotesate | do ask, | G2065 → | 62 times |
| ἡλικίαν | helikian | [of] age | G2244 → | |
| ἔχει· | echei | is; | G2192 → | 707 times |
| αὐτὸς | autos | He himself | G846 → | 5565 times |
| περὶ | peri | Concerning | G4012 → | 332 times |
| ἑαυτοῦ | he'autou | himself | G1438 → | 322 times |
| λαλήσει.¶ | lalesei | he will speak. | G2980 → | 294 times |
πῶςHow
posG4459 →103 times
δὲhowever
deG1161 →2765 times
νῦνpresently
nunG3568 →145 times
βλέπειhe sees
blepeiG991 →132 times
οὐκnot
oukG3756 →1664 times
οἴδαμεν,we know,
oidamen
ἢor
eG2228 →342 times
τίςwho
tisG5101 →563 times
ἤνοιξενopened
enoixenG455 →77 times
αὐτοῦof him
autouG846 →5565 times
τοὺςthe
tousG3588 →19766 times
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyes
ophthalmousG3788 →100 times
ἡμεῖςwe ourselves
hemeisG3165 →1936 times
οὐκnot
oukG3756 →1664 times
οἴδαμεν·know;
oidamen
αὐτὸνhim
autonG846 →5565 times
ἐρωτήσατε,do ask,
erotesateG2065 →62 times
ἡλικίαν[of] age
helikianG2244 →
ἔχει·is;
echeiG2192 →707 times
αὐτὸςHe himself
autosG846 →5565 times
περὶConcerning
periG4012 →332 times
ἑαυτοῦhimself
he'autouG1438 →322 times
λαλήσει.¶he will speak.
laleseiG2980 →294 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
Where this verse is studied
About John

This page draws on 15 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bonaventure, Commentary on John, Chapter 9; Brooke Foss Westcott, The Gospel according to St. John; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1393: “Speak For Yourself—a Challenge!” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: John (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Homily on the Gospel of John 58; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Origen of Alexandria, FRAGMENT 67 ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on John and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on John.
