Ecclesiastes 5:12
in Ecclesiastes 5The sleep of the worker is sweet, whether he eats little or much, but the abundance of the rich man permits him no sleep.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
The sleep of a laboring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much; but the fulness of the rich will not suffer him to sleep.
KJV
The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much: but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep.
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This verse in Ecclesiastes 5
Commentary
15 notes on this verseEcclesiastes sees that riches are kept for ill by one who possesses them, for their loss causes a very great anxiety and disquiet. Indeed they are lost, for they are left here and can be of no advantage to one who is dead.
This site's exposition
He who loves money is never satisfied by money
on Ecclesiastes 5:10-12
Three observations state wealth's diminishing returns. He who loves money is never satisfied by money, and When good things increase, so do those who consume them. The worker's sweet sleep stands against the rich man's sleeplessness, for the abundance of the rich man permits him no sleep.
This site's exposition
The sleep of the worker
Barnes takes the worker as anyone who earns his bread, and Gill cites the Targum's reading of one who serves the LORD. Clarke credits the worker's rest to healthy toil and few possessions. Henry names the rich man's trouble as the abundance of his cares, which keeps his eyes open.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers5 voices
"There is a sickening evil that I have seen under the sun; riches hoarded by their owner to his misfortune, and he loses those riches in some bad venture. If he begets a son, he has nothing in hand. As he had come from his mother's womb, naked will he return, as he had come; he can salvage nothing from his labour to take with him. This too, is a sickening evil: Exactly as he came he must depart, and what did he gain in exchange for toiling for the wind? Indeed, all his life he eats in darkness; he is greatly grieved, and has illness and anger." Take what follows as linked to what is written above: while Ecclesiastes describes wealth, even he is not able to enjoy his riches and on many occasions endangers himself on account of them. Nor to his heir does he leave what he has amassed; but even he and his son, just as they came nude, will return nude to the earth and nothing of their toil will accompany them. Surely apathy is the worst, to be tortured by thought on account of riches, and wealth will perish. And are we able to take it with us when we die, in sadness, in mourning, in indignation, in laws or to seek it in vain toil? And all this is according to the apparent simple meaning of the text. But as we are lifted higher, it seems to me that it speaks about the philosophers, or the heretics, who amass riches of doctrines into their wickedness, and nor are authors able to follow any usefulness, nor leave perpetual fruit for their followers. But even they and their disciples return to the earth and lose their riches, from him who said, "I will lose the wisdom of the wise men, and I will reprove the prudence of the careful." [I Cor. 1, 19.] Truly in fact, just as they left their mother's womb, (apparently as from a heretical church), contrary to this about which it is written: "but Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of all." [Gal. […]
An abundance of evil can be revealed in wealth. But this type of evil should be viewed as more of a weakness. Therefore, everyone who guards his wealth for himself does not know the wisdom of God, nor is his heart inclined to insight, nor …
Of what use is wealth that belongs to someone? He is obviously lord over his wealth. The wealth somebody owns is his amenity and he himself is lord over his wealth. As he himself can use wealth well by being lord over it and not …
People use their children as an excuse for gathering riches. At times they do injustice, rob and do similar things, saying: "I'm doing this for my children." … I have seen a person who struggled to become rich, but his riches were of no use. …
The same thing happens as every one may perceive with regard to sleep. For not a soft couch, nor a bedstead overlaid with silver, nor the quietness that exists throughout the house, nor anything else of this kind, are so generally wont to make sleep sweet and pleasant, as labour and fatigue, and the need of sleep, and drowsiness when one lies down. And to this particular the experience of facts, nay, before actual experience, the assertion of the Scriptures bears witness. For Solomon, who had passed his life in luxury, when he wished to make this matter evident, said, "The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much?" Why does he add, "whether he eat little or much?" Both these things usually bring sleeplessness, viz. indigence, and excess of food; the one drying up the body, stiffening the eyelids and not suffering them to be closed; the other straitening and oppressing the breath, and inducing many pains. But at the same time so powerful a persuasive is labour, that though both these things should befall him, the servant is able to sleep. For since throughout the whole day, they are running about everywhere, ministering to their masters, being knocked about and hard pressed, and having but little time to take breath, they receive a sufficient recompense for their toils and labours in the pleasure of sleeping. And thus it hath happened through the goodness of God toward man, that these pleasures are not to be purchased with gold and silver, but with labour, with hard toil, with necessity, and every kind of discipline. Not so the rich. On the contrary, whilst lying on their beds, they are frequently without sleep through the whole night; and though they devise many schemes, they do not obtain such pleasure. […]
7 more voices on this verse
The Church Fathers1 voice
Wherefore Ecclesiastes says, "There is a grievous illness which I have seen under the sun: riches kept to the hurt of the owner." … If you are desirous of treasure, take the invisible and the intangible which is to be found in the heavens on high, not that which is in the deepest veins of the earth. Be poor in spirit and you will be rich, no matter what your worldly goods are. "A man's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions," but in his virtue and in his faith. This richness will enrich you if you are rich in your relations to God.
The Medieval Church1 voice
A commentator
BonaventureCommentary on Ecclesiastes, Chapter 5 · Written in the 13th century.
proposed
Here thirdly he shows that riches are to be spurned, because they afflict and do not permit a man to rest: whence they take away the sleep of quiet. Therefore he says: "Sweet is the sleep of the worker, whether he eats little or much." …
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much,.... Or "of a servant" (i), who enjoys sleep equally as a king; a tiller of the ground, as Jarchi; who also interprets it of one that serves the Lord, as likewise the Targum; a beloved one of his, to whom he gives sleep, Psa 127:
(2.) Those that have every thing else often fail to secure a good night's sleep. Either their eyes are held waking or their sleeps are unquiet and do not refresh them; and it is their abundance that breaks their sleep and disturbs it, both the abundance of their care (as the rich man's who, when his ground brought forth plentifully, thought within himself, What shall I do?
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Proofs of God's judgments even in this world (Pr 11:31). The rich oppressor's wealth provokes enemies, robbers, &c. Then, after having kept it for an expected son, he loses it beforehand by misfortune ("by evil travail"), and the son is born to be heir of poverty.
The sleep of a laboring man is sweet - His labor is healthy exercise. He is without possessions, and without cares; his sleep, being undisturbed, is sound and refreshing.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
Labouring man - Not a slave (Septuagint), but everyone who, according to the divine direction, earns his bread in the sweat of his brow.
How the passage was read
What the Jewish commentators add
Wealth preserved by its owner to his own detriment. Like the wealth of Korach, because of which he became haughty and descended into the grave. 20 Alternatively, a person’s wealth jeopardizes his personal safety by exposing him to robbery, kidnap, or even death. (Sforno).
2 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
Sweet is the sleep of the laborer. One who tills the soil sleeps, and he enjoys his sleep, whether he eats little or a lot, for he is already used to it.
He will have nothing in his hand. Not even the merit of his ancestors.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence.
The words behind it
14 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| מְתוּקָה֙ | metukah | [is] sweet | H4966 → | |
| שְׁנַ֣ת | shenat | [the] sleep of | H8142 → | |
| הָעֹבֵ֔ד | haoved | the laborer | H5647 → | |
| אִם־ | ʾim- | whether | H518 → | 1069 times |
| מְעַ֥ט | meat | a little | H4592 → | 101 times |
| וְאִם־ | veim- | and or | H518 → | 1069 times |
| הַרְבֵּ֖ה | harbeh | [surely] much | H7235 → | 227 times |
| יֹאכֵ֑ל | yokhel | he will eat | H398 → | 810 times |
| וְהַשָּׂבָע֙ | vehasava' | and the plenty | H7647 → | |
| לֶֽעָשִׁ֔יר | leashir | of the rich [person] | H6223 → | 23 times |
| אֵינֶ֛נּוּ | ʾeinenu | not it | H369 → | 789 times |
| מַנִּ֥יחַֽ | maniach | [is] permitting | H5117 → | 142 times |
| ל֖וֹ | lo | <to> <the> him | ||
| לִישֽׁוֹן׃ | lishon | to sleep | H3462 → |
מְתוּקָה֙[is] sweet
metukahH4966 →
שְׁנַ֣ת[the] sleep of
shenatH8142 →
הָעֹבֵ֔דthe laborer
haovedH5647 →
אִם־whether
ʾim-H518 →1069 times
מְעַ֥טa little
meatH4592 →101 times
וְאִם־and or
veim-H518 →1069 times
הַרְבֵּ֖ה[surely] much
harbehH7235 →227 times
יֹאכֵ֑לhe will eat
yokhelH398 →810 times
וְהַשָּׂבָע֙and the plenty
vehasava'H7647 →
לֶֽעָשִׁ֔ירof the rich [person]
leashirH6223 →23 times
אֵינֶ֛נּוּnot it
ʾeinenuH369 →789 times
מַנִּ֥יחַֽ[is] permitting
maniachH5117 →142 times
ל֖וֹ<to> <the> him
lo
לִישֽׁוֹן׃to sleep
lishonH3462 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Psalms 4:8I will lie down and sleep in peace, for You alone, O LORD, make me dwell in safety.
it leads to
- Psalms 3:5
I lie down and sleep; I wake again, for the LORD sustains me.
Reached by 3 separate paths from here.
- Proverbs 3:24
When you lie down, you will not be afraid; when you rest, your sleep will be sweet.
- Job 11:18–19
You will be secure, because there is hope, and you will look around and lie down in safety.
- Psalms 16:8–9
I have set the LORD always before me. Because He is at my right hand, I will not be shaken.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:10
He died for us so that, whether we are awake or asleep, we may live together with Him.
- Psalms 3:5
Through
Psalms 127:2In vain you rise early and stay up late, toiling for bread to eat— for He gives sleep to His beloved.
it leads to
- Psalms 4:8
I will lie down and sleep in peace, for You alone, O LORD, make me dwell in safety.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Job 11:18
You will be secure, because there is hope, and you will look around and lie down in safety.
- Psalms 4:8
Through
Proverbs 3:24When you lie down, you will not be afraid; when you rest, your sleep will be sweet.
it leads to
- Proverbs 6:22
When you walk, they will guide you; when you lie down, they will watch over you; when you awake, they will speak to you.
- Proverbs 6:22
Where this verse is studied
About Ecclesiastes

This page draws on 14 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Ambrose of Milan, Interrogation of Job and David; Ambrose of Milan, On Cain and Abel; Bonaventure, Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Chapter 5; Charles Bridges, An Exposition of the Book of Ecclesiastes; Didymus the Blind, COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 155:11; Didymus the Blind, COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 156:15; Evagrius Ponticus, SCHOLIA ON ECCLESIASTES 39:5.12-13; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Ecclesiastes; John Chrysostom, Homilies Concerning the Statues, Homily 2; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
