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Ecclesiastes 5:12

in Ecclesiastes 5

The sleep of the worker is sweet, whether he eats little or much, but the abundance of the rich man permits him no sleep.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

The sleep of a laboring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much; but the fulness of the rich will not suffer him to sleep.

KJV

The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much: but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep.

This verse in Ecclesiastes 5

Commentary

15 notes on this verse

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

Interrogation of Job and David · Written before 397.

Ecclesiastes sees that riches are kept for ill by one who possesses them, for their loss causes a very great anxiety and disquiet. Indeed they are lost, for they are left here and can be of no advantage to one who is dead.

This site's exposition

He who loves money is never satisfied by money

on Ecclesiastes 5:10-12

Three observations state wealth's diminishing returns. He who loves money is never satisfied by money, and When good things increase, so do those who consume them. The worker's sweet sleep stands against the rich man's sleeplessness, for the abundance of the rich man permits him no sleep.

This site's exposition

The sleep of the worker

Barnes takes the worker as anyone who earns his bread, and Gill cites the Targum's reading of one who serves the LORD. Clarke credits the worker's rest to healthy toil and few possessions. Henry names the rich man's trouble as the abundance of his cares, which keeps his eyes open.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ecclesiastes · Written before 420.

proposed

"There is a sickening evil that I have seen under the sun; riches hoarded by their owner to his misfortune, and he loses those riches in some bad venture. If he begets a son, he has nothing in hand. As he had come from his mother's womb, naked will he return, as he had come; he can salvage nothing from his labour to take with him. This too, is a sickening evil: Exactly as he came he must depart, and what did he gain in exchange for toiling for the wind? Indeed, all his life he eats in darkness; he is greatly grieved, and has illness and anger." Take what follows as linked to what is written above: while Ecclesiastes describes wealth, even he is not able to enjoy his riches and on many occasions endangers himself on account of them. Nor to his heir does he leave what he has amassed; but even he and his son, just as they came nude, will return nude to the earth and nothing of their toil will accompany them. Surely apathy is the worst, to be tortured by thought on account of riches, and wealth will perish. And are we able to take it with us when we die, in sadness, in mourning, in indignation, in laws or to seek it in vain toil? And all this is according to the apparent simple meaning of the text. But as we are lifted higher, it seems to me that it speaks about the philosophers, or the heretics, who amass riches of doctrines into their wickedness, and nor are authors able to follow any usefulness, nor leave perpetual fruit for their followers. But even they and their disciples return to the earth and lose their riches, from him who said, "I will lose the wisdom of the wise men, and I will reprove the prudence of the careful." [I Cor. 1, 19.] Truly in fact, just as they left their mother's womb, (apparently as from a heretical church), contrary to this about which it is written: "but Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of all." [Gal. […]

A commentator

Evagrius Ponticus

SCHOLIA ON ECCLESIASTES 39:5.12-13 · Written before 399.

proposed

An abundance of evil can be revealed in wealth. But this type of evil should be viewed as more of a weakness. Therefore, everyone who guards his wealth for himself does not know the wisdom of God, nor is his heart inclined to insight, nor …

A commentator

Didymus the Blind

COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 155:11 · Written before 398.

proposed

Of what use is wealth that belongs to someone? He is obviously lord over his wealth. The wealth somebody owns is his amenity and he himself is lord over his wealth. As he himself can use wealth well by being lord over it and not …

A commentator

Didymus the Blind

COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 156:15 · Written before 398.

proposed

People use their children as an excuse for gathering riches. At times they do injustice, rob and do similar things, saying: "I'm doing this for my children." … I have seen a person who struggled to become rich, but his riches were of no use. …

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Homilies Concerning the Statues, Homily 2 · Written before 407.

proposed

The same thing happens as every one may perceive with regard to sleep. For not a soft couch, nor a bedstead overlaid with silver, nor the quietness that exists throughout the house, nor anything else of this kind, are so generally wont to make sleep sweet and pleasant, as labour and fatigue, and the need of sleep, and drowsiness when one lies down. And to this particular the experience of facts, nay, before actual experience, the assertion of the Scriptures bears witness. For Solomon, who had passed his life in luxury, when he wished to make this matter evident, said, "The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much?" Why does he add, "whether he eat little or much?" Both these things usually bring sleeplessness, viz. indigence, and excess of food; the one drying up the body, stiffening the eyelids and not suffering them to be closed; the other straitening and oppressing the breath, and inducing many pains. But at the same time so powerful a persuasive is labour, that though both these things should befall him, the servant is able to sleep. For since throughout the whole day, they are running about everywhere, ministering to their masters, being knocked about and hard pressed, and having but little time to take breath, they receive a sufficient recompense for their toils and labours in the pleasure of sleeping. And thus it hath happened through the goodness of God toward man, that these pleasures are not to be purchased with gold and silver, but with labour, with hard toil, with necessity, and every kind of discipline. Not so the rich. On the contrary, whilst lying on their beds, they are frequently without sleep through the whole night; and though they devise many schemes, they do not obtain such pleasure. […]
7 more voices on this verse

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On Cain and Abel · Written before 397.

proposed

Wherefore Ecclesiastes says, "There is a grievous illness which I have seen under the sun: riches kept to the hurt of the owner." … If you are desirous of treasure, take the invisible and the intangible which is to be found in the heavens on high, not that which is in the deepest veins of the earth. Be poor in spirit and you will be rich, no matter what your worldly goods are. "A man's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions," but in his virtue and in his faith. This richness will enrich you if you are rich in your relations to God.

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bonaventure

Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Chapter 5 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

Here thirdly he shows that riches are to be spurned, because they afflict and do not permit a man to rest: whence they take away the sleep of quiet. Therefore he says: "Sweet is the sleep of the worker, whether he eats little or much." …

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much,.... Or "of a servant" (i), who enjoys sleep equally as a king; a tiller of the ground, as Jarchi; who also interprets it of one that serves the Lord, as likewise the Targum; a beloved one of his, to whom he gives sleep, Psa 127:

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

(2.) Those that have every thing else often fail to secure a good night's sleep. Either their eyes are held waking or their sleeps are unquiet and do not refresh them; and it is their abundance that breaks their sleep and disturbs it, both the abundance of their care (as the rich man's who, when his ground brought forth plentifully, thought within himself, What shall I do?

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Proofs of God's judgments even in this world (Pr 11:31). The rich oppressor's wealth provokes enemies, robbers, &c. Then, after having kept it for an expected son, he loses it beforehand by misfortune ("by evil travail"), and the son is born to be heir of poverty.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

The sleep of a laboring man is sweet - His labor is healthy exercise. He is without possessions, and without cares; his sleep, being undisturbed, is sound and refreshing.
Labouring man - Not a slave (Septuagint), but everyone who, according to the divine direction, earns his bread in the sweat of his brow.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

Wealth preserved by its owner to his own detriment. Like the wealth of Korach, because of which he became haughty and descended into the grave. 20 Alternatively, a person’s wealth jeopardizes his personal safety by exposing him to robbery, kidnap, or even death. (Sforno).
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Ecclesiastes 5:12:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001
2 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
Sweet is the sleep of the laborer. One who tills the soil sleeps, and he enjoys his sleep, whether he eats little or a lot, for he is already used to it.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Ecclesiastes 5:11:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001
He will have nothing in his hand. Not even the merit of his ancestors.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Ecclesiastes 5:13:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence.

The words behind it

14 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • מְתוּקָה֙[is] sweet

    metukahH4966 →

  • שְׁנַ֣ת[the] sleep of

    shenatH8142 →

  • הָעֹבֵ֔דthe laborer

    haovedH5647 →

  • אִם־whether

    ʾim-H518 →1069 times

  • מְעַ֥טa little

    meatH4592 →101 times

  • וְאִם־and or

    veim-H518 →1069 times

  • הַרְבֵּ֖ה[surely] much

    harbehH7235 →227 times

  • יֹאכֵ֑לhe will eat

    yokhelH398 →810 times

  • וְהַשָּׂבָע֙and the plenty

    vehasava'H7647 →

  • לֶֽעָשִׁ֔ירof the rich [person]

    leashirH6223 →23 times

  • אֵינֶ֛נּוּnot it

    ʾeinenuH369 →789 times

  • מַנִּ֥יחַֽ[is] permitting

    maniachH5117 →142 times

  • ל֖וֹ<to> <the> him

    lo

  • לִישֽׁוֹן׃to sleep

    lishonH3462 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 4:8

    I will lie down and sleep in peace, for You alone, O LORD, make me dwell in safety.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 3:5

      I lie down and sleep; I wake again, for the LORD sustains me.

      Reached by 3 separate paths from here.

    • Proverbs 3:24

      When you lie down, you will not be afraid; when you rest, your sleep will be sweet.

    • Job 11:18–19

      You will be secure, because there is hope, and you will look around and lie down in safety.

    • Psalms 16:8–9

      I have set the LORD always before me. Because He is at my right hand, I will not be shaken.

    • 1 Thessalonians 5:10

      He died for us so that, whether we are awake or asleep, we may live together with Him.

  • Through

    Psalms 127:2

    In vain you rise early and stay up late, toiling for bread to eat— for He gives sleep to His beloved.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 4:8

      I will lie down and sleep in peace, for You alone, O LORD, make me dwell in safety.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Job 11:18

      You will be secure, because there is hope, and you will look around and lie down in safety.

  • Through

    Proverbs 3:24

    When you lie down, you will not be afraid; when you rest, your sleep will be sweet.

    it leads to

    • Proverbs 6:22

      When you walk, they will guide you; when you lie down, they will watch over you; when you awake, they will speak to you.

Where this verse is studied

About Ecclesiastes

King Solomon in Old Age, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
King Solomon in Old Age, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 14 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Ambrose of Milan, Interrogation of Job and David; Ambrose of Milan, On Cain and Abel; Bonaventure, Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Chapter 5; Charles Bridges, An Exposition of the Book of Ecclesiastes; Didymus the Blind, COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 155:11; Didymus the Blind, COMMENTARY ON ECCLESIASTES 156:15; Evagrius Ponticus, SCHOLIA ON ECCLESIASTES 39:5.12-13; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Ecclesiastes; John Chrysostom, Homilies Concerning the Statues, Homily 2; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.