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Ezekielchapter 12

28 verses · KJVEzekiel book hub →

Key verse

Say thou unto them, Thus saith the Lord God; This burden concerneth the prince in Jerusalem, and all the house of Israel that are among them.

It stands in scene A of the chapter, verses 1 to 16.

The chapter

Chapter summary

The prophet packs an exile's baggage and carries it out in the sight of the people, digging through the wall at evening with his face covered, the exact fate of Zedekiah, who will be brought to Babylon yet never see it, since his eyes are put out on the way. 'I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare.' Then Ezekiel eats his bread with quaking and drinks his water with trembling. Two proverbs of delay are answered: 'The days are prolonged, and every vision faileth' is replaced with 'the days are at hand, and the fulfilment of every vision.' No word of Jehovah shall be deferred any more.

Context

Prophecy · Ezekiel · Ezekiel overview

Where the chapter sits

Ezekiel 12 falls in Symbolic acts and judgment on Jerusalem (chapters 4–24). Lying on his side for 430 days; shaving the head with a sword; eating food in anxiety; the glory departs in stages (8–11); the prophet survives his wife's death without mourning (24).

Before it: Call and wheels-vision, chapters 1–3. After it: Oracles against the nations, chapters 25–32.

The whole shape of Ezekiel

The world behind this chapter

Ezekiel 12
When
The Babylonian exile, before Zedekiah's flight from Jerusalem · c. 592-591 BC, acted out roughly five years before the events it predicts
Where
Ezekiel's house at Tel Abib and the street outside, in daylight and then at dusk
Who first heard it
Exiles who had themselves packed a bag and marched, and who knew exactly what they were watching

The history

An exile's baggage is a specific and pitiful thing: what a person can carry on their own back for months. Bedding, a cooking pot, a water skin, a change of clothes. Ezekiel brings his out in broad daylight so that everyone can see him pack, then leaves at dusk, which is when a man leaves who does not want to be seen.

The rest of the history, and what it meant to them

Digging through the wall is not clumsy tunnelling. Houses were built of sun-dried mud brick, sometimes on a low stone footing, and the walls could be broken through with hands and a tool, which is why the Law and the Gospels both speak of a thief digging through a house. Getting out through a hole in the wall rather than the door is the image of a man escaping his own city.

The prince who covers his face and does not see the land came true in awful detail five years later. When the Babylonians breached Jerusalem in 586 BC, Zedekiah slipped out at night through a gate between two walls, was overtaken on the plains of Jericho, and taken to Nebuchadnezzar at Riblah in Syria. There his sons were killed in front of him, and then his eyes were put out. He was carried to Babylon in chains and died there, a country he was taken to and never saw.

The chapter also quotes two street sayings the exiles were repeating: the days grow long and every vision comes to nothing, and the vision he sees is for many years from now. Delay had turned prophecy into background noise.

What it meant to them

The audience were connoisseurs of exile. They had made this exact walk with these exact bundles. Watching their prophet do it again told them the first deportation had not been the end of it.

Against the proverbs about postponement, God puts a flat sentence: none of my words will be delayed any longer. For hearers who had learned to treat prophecy as safely distant, the message was that the distance had run out.

Sources cited

  • John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
  • The Babylonian Chronicle (ABC 5), recording Nebuchadnezzar's campaigns against Judah
  • C. F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel

Every work MannaFest builds on →

A. Digging through the wall with a captive's baggage

1. (vv. 1-2)

a.The word of the Lord also came unto me: The word of the Lord opens a new section with the same formula that will introduce four more oracles across this chapter, each one triggering its own sign or explanation. Ezekiel dwells, as the Lord names it, in the midst of a rebellious house, people who have eyes to see and do not see, ears to hear and do not hear. Clarke reads the diagnosis as spiritual rather than physical blindness, a people surrounded by evidence they refuse to read rightly rather than a people lacking evidence. The charge sets up everything that follows, since words alone have failed this house, the Lord next turns to an acted sign they cannot help but watch.

Ezekiel 12:1, 1 voiceWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.

Ezekiel 12:1

The word of the Lord came unto me, saying. The word of prophecy, as the Targum; the vision of the cherubim being over, this, very likely, immediately followed upon the former; though the exact time of the prophecy cannot be fixed, because the date is not given; it must be between the sixth month of the sixth year of Jehoiachin's captivity, Eze 8:1; and the fifth month of the seventh year, Eze 20:1.

1 more voice on this verse
Ezekiel 12:2, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:2

Which have eyes to see, and see not - It is not want of grace that brings them to destruction. They have eyes to see, but they will not use them. No man is lost because he had not sufficient grace to save him, but because he abused that grace.

Ezekiel 12:2

When, therefore, unbelievers pretend that they have not been illuminated by the Lord, it may be conceded to them that they are blind and deaf: but we must often proceed beyond this, since their own obstinacy is the fountain of their blindness and deafness: and God blinds them, because they will not admit the light offered them, but stop their ears.

John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed

2. (vv. 3-7)

a.prepare thee stuff for removing: Ezekiel is told to prepare an exile's baggage and move it by day where the people can watch, on the chance, the Lord says, that they will consider it, though he already names them a rebellious house in the same breath. By evening he goes out as one bound for captivity, digs through the house wall rather than using the door, carries his bundle on his shoulder in the twilight and covers his face so he cannot see the ground. The Lord states the purpose outright, I have set thee for a sign unto the house of Israel, an enacted parable rather than a private eccentricity. Ezekiel's own obedience closes the unit exactly as the command gave it, I did so as I was commanded, the sign performed to the letter before a word of interpretation is offered.

Ezekiel 12:3, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:3

Stuff - Raiment, vessels, and the like. The “removing” was to be of the kind that accompanied exile. The whole account of this transaction marks it as a real act. The prophet was to be “a sign” to his countrymen, and the “exiles” as well as those that remained in Judaea had need to be taught this lesson, for though themselves far away, they looked to Jerusalem as their home, and were scarcely less eager for its safety than the inhabitants themselves.

1 more voice on this verse
Ezekiel 12:4, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:4

The particulars which Ezekiel here foretold actually occurred (compare 2Ki 25:4; Jer 39:4); but at this time Zedekiah seemed to be prosperous, and the Jews at Jerusalem expected, it is clear, a long continuance of his prosperity (see Eze 17:1 note). The prophetic character of the passage is undoubted (the prophet is declared to be “a sign,” Eze 12:6) - the genuineness of the book and of the position of the passage in the book, are beyond dispute; in the historical event we have an exact fulfillment. The only legitimate inference is that the prophet received his knowledge from above.

Ezekiel 12:5, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:5

Dig thou through the wall in their sight,.... The wall of the house where he was, as an emblem of the city of Jerusalem closely besieged, from whence there was no escape but by digging through the wall this showed the manner in which Zedekiah made his escape, by the way of the gate, between the two walls which was by the king's garden, Jer 52:7; and carry out thereby; not his stuff, as before; but provisions for himself, necessary for his journey or flight; as no doubt Zedekiah and those with him did.

Ezekiel 12:5

Dig--as Zedekiah was to escape like one digging through a wall, furtively to effect an escape (Eze 12:12). carry out--namely, "thy stuff" (Eze 12:4). thereby--by the opening in the wall.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Ezekiel 12:6, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:6

Thou shalt cover thy face, that thou see not the ground - Referring to the blinding of Zedekiah: even the covering of the face might be intended to signify that in this way Zedekiah should be carried to Babylon on men’s shoulders in some sort of palanquin, with a cloth tied over his eyes, because of the recent wounds made by extracting them. All the prophecies from this to the twentieth chapter are supposed to have been delivered in the sixth year of Zedekiah, five years before the taking of Jerusalem. How accurate the prediction! and how exactly fulfilled!

Ezekiel 12:7, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:7

Christ himself learned obedience, and so we must all. (2.) To do all we can for the good of the souls of others, to put ourselves to any trouble or pains for the conviction of those that are unconvinced. We do all things (that is, we are willing to do any thing), dearly beloved, for your edifying.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

3. (vv. 8-11)

a.in the morning came the word of the Lord: The interpretation arrives the next morning, after the sign has already been watched rather than before it, so that the people's own question, what doest thou, is answered only once curiosity has been earned. The Lord names the burden's target directly, the prince in Jerusalem and all the house of Israel among them, so the acted parable is not a riddle about Ezekiel's own fate but a rehearsal of theirs. Ezekiel is told to say, I am your sign, and the formula that follows, like as I have done so shall it be done unto them, turns the prophet's own body into a preview of the coming event. Fairbairn notes that this is the clearest statement in the book of what a sign act is for, not decoration but a small scale enactment of the very thing it predicts.

Ezekiel 12:10, 3 voices

Ezekiel 12:10

Say thou unto them, thus saith the Lord God,.... In answer to their sneering question; or notwithstanding their stupidity and indolence, and in order to awaken them out of it: this burden concerneth the prince in Jerusalem; the present reigning prince in Jerusalem, King Zedekiah.

Ezekiel 12:10

Burden - A word used to indicate a prediction of woe to be borne by some individual or people (Isa 13:1 note). Ezekiel, bearing his “stuff” on his shoulder was a sign of the weight of calamity coming upon king and people.

Ezekiel 12:10

JOSEPHUS [Antiquities, 10.7] reports that Ezekiel sent a copy of this prophecy to Zedekiah. As Jeremiah had sent a letter to the captives at the Chebar, which was the means of calling forth at first the agency of Ezekiel, so it was natural for Ezekiel to send a message to Jerusalem confirming the warnings of Jeremiah.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Ezekiel 12:11, 3 voices

Ezekiel 12:11

I am your sign - My person is the emblem of yours, and my actions of that you shall do. And the like shall be done to you, O inhabitants of Jerusalem. We cannot say concerning our dwelling place, that it is our resting place.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

Ezekiel 12:11

Note, The judgments of God can turn a prince into a porter. He that was wont to have the regalia carried before him, and to march through the city at noon-day, shall now himself carry his goods on his back and steal away out of the city in the twilight. See what a change sin makes with men!

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Ezekiel 12:11

The unsettled state and removals of ministers give warning to people what they must expect in this world, no continuance, but constant changes. When times of trouble are coming on Christ tells his disciples, They shall first lay their hands on you, Luke xxi.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

4. (vv. 12-13)

a.the prince that is among them: The prince himself is now named as the sign's specific fulfilment, he will carry his own bundle on his shoulder in the twilight, dig through the wall, and cover his face so that he does not see the ground with his own eyes. The Lord adds a detail the sign act alone could not show, that this same prince will be caught in a net, brought to Babylon, and yet shall not see it, though he shall die there. The riddle reads as contradiction until the history of Jerusalem's fall records the king's sons slain before his eyes and his own eyes then put out, so that Babylon is the last place he is taken and the one place he never sees. Clarke and Keil both take the fulfilment as one of the most exact predictions in the book, a detail so specific that only the event itself explains the wording.

Ezekiel 12:12, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:12

Shall bear - Disguised, as a servant, in hope to conceal himself, chuses the twilight as the time that would best favour his design. They shall dig - This was fulfilled when they broke down the wall to fly, Jer. xxxix, 4.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

Ezekiel 12:13, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:13

I will bring - him to Babylon - yet shall he not see it - Because Nebuchadnezzar caused him to have his eyes put out at Riblah. To Babylon he was carried in his blind state, and there he died. In saying, My net also will I spread upon him, there is probably a reference to an ancient manner of fighting.

Ezekiel 12:13

It is God's net (Job 19:6). Babylon was God's instrument (Isa 10:5). Called "a net" (Hab 1:14-16). bring him to Babylon . . . ; yet shall he not see it--because he should be deprived of sight before he arrived there (Jer 52:11).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

5. (vv. 14-16)

a.scatter toward every wind: Judgment does not stop with the prince alone, everyone who might help him is scattered toward every wind, and the sword is drawn out after them as they flee. Twice more the recognition formula lands, they shall know that I am the Lord, once over the scattering itself and once over the small remnant spared from sword, famine and pestilence. That remnant is not spared for its own sake but so that it may declare all their abominations among the heathen where they come, a living testimony carried into exile rather than a rescue. Wesley reads the paired uses of the formula as the chapter's own summary, judgment and the remnant both serving the same end, that the nations learn who the Lord is.

Ezekiel 12:14, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:14

And I will scatter to every wind all that are about him to help him,.... Either his bodyguards, the men of war that were with him when he fled, Jer 52:7; or his auxiliary troops, the Egyptians, whom he had taken into his pay for his assistance: and all his bands: or "wings" (w); the wings of his army.

Ezekiel 12:15, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:15

And they shall know that I am the Lord,.... God omniscient, and can and do foresee and foretell future events, when the above things shall come to pass; and omnipotent, able to do what he purposed and declared he would; and true and faithful to his word, and holy and righteous in all his ways and works: when I shall scatter them among the nations, and disperse them in the countries; of Egypt, Babylon, Media, and other places.

Ezekiel 12:16, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:16

Few - literally, as in the margin; so few, that they can easily be counted Isa 10:19. The few who should escape destruction should make known to all among whom they should dwell how great had been the wickedness of the people, how just their punishment.

Ezekiel 12:16

Those that by their afflictions are brought to this are then made to know that God is the Lord and may help to bring others to the knowledge of him. See how God brings good out of evil. The dispersion of sinners, who had done God much dishonour and disservice in their own country, proves the dispersion of penitents, who shall do him much honour and service in others countries.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

B. Eating bread with trembling, drinking water with dread

1. (vv. 17-20)

a.Moreover the word of the Lord came to me: A second sign follows the first, Ezekiel is told to eat his bread with quaking and drink his water with trembling and with care, his own body acting out the anxiety the whole land is about to feel. The same fear is then named for the people directly, they shall eat their bread with carefulness and drink their water with astonishment, because the land will be stripped bare on account of the violence of everyone who dwells in it. The cities are laid waste and the land made desolate, and once more the unit closes on the recognition formula, ye shall know that I am the Lord. Henry notes that the sign is chosen precisely because eating and drinking are the most everyday acts a person performs, so that the coming siege is made to touch even the most ordinary hours of the day.

Ezekiel 12:17, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:17

Moreover the word of the Lord came to me, saying. Here follows another sign of the desolation of the Jews, which the prophet was unto them; as the former signified their going into captivity, this their famine and distress at the siege of Jerusalem, and the dreadful calamities attending and following that.

Ezekiel 12:17-20

A message is sent from God to the people, to assure them that all these predictions should have their accomplishment very shortly, and not be deferred, as they flattered themselves they would be,

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Ezekiel 12:18, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:18

Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking,.... As one in surprise or fear, or that has got an ague upon him: and drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness; fearing want of it, or as apprehensive of danger of its being taken away; see Eze 4:16.

Ezekiel 12:18

Eat thy bread with quaking - Assume the manner of a person who is every moment afraid of his life, who has nothing but a morsel of bread to eat, and a little water to drink. Thus signifying the siege, and the straits to which they should be reduced. See this explained, Eze 12:19 (note).

Ezekiel 12:19, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:19

The people of the land - Chaldaea. Of the inhabitants - In respect to “the inhabitants.” Desolate from, all that is therein - i. e., stripped of all its inhabitants and of all its wealth. At one and the same time, Jeremiah was prophesying in Jerusalem, and Ezekiel in Chaldaea; the prophecies of the former were sent to the exiles, and those of Ezekiel to the dwellers at Jerusalem, that the guiding hand of One God in different places might be made clear (Jerome).

Ezekiel 12:19

The people - Thy fellow captives. And of the land - Those that dwell in the countries round about Jerusalem. Her land - Jerusalem's land, so called because it was the head city thereof.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

Ezekiel 12:20, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:20

And the cities that are inhabited shall be laid waste,.... Not only the city of Jerusalem, but the other cities of Judea; as they were by the Chaldeans, which were then full of inhabitants: and the land shall be desolate; the whole land of Judea be destitute of men and cattle, and lie uncultivated, and become barren and unfruitful: and ye shall know that I am the Lord; who were then captives in Babylon, as well as those who should be dispersed among the nations would; see Eze 12:15.

C. No more delayed visions: the word will be done

1. (vv. 21-25)

a.And the word of the Lord came unto me: A new oracle takes aim at a proverb circulating among the people, the days are prolonged, and every vision faileth, a saying that turned every unfulfilled prophecy into evidence that prophecy itself could be ignored. The Lord answers by naming the proverb directly and promising to end it, I will make this proverb to cease, and reversing its claim outright, the days are at hand, and the effect of every vision. From now on there will be no more vain vision nor flattering divination, the false comfort of endless delay closed off along with the false prophets who profited from it. Keil sets this proverb beside the sour grapes proverb of chapter eighteen as the same kind of popular saying, used to excuse the present generation from a word already spoken against it.

Ezekiel 12:21, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:21

As in Ezek. 7, the nearness of the judgment is foretold. Eze 12:22 The land of Israel - is put generally for the land where the children of Israel dwelt, whether at home, or in exile. There was prevalent a disregard for the true prophets, which is ever followed by a recognition of the false. First, the true prophet is rejected because it is thought that his prophecies fail. Then men persuade themselves that if the prophecy be true it respects some distant time, and that the men of the present generation need not disturb themselves about it.

Ezekiel 12:22, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:22

The days are prolonged, and every vision faileth? - These are the words of the infidels and scoffers, who, because vengeance was not speedily executed on an evil work, set their heart to do iniquity. “These predictions either will not come in our days, or will wholly fail; why then should we disquiet ourselves about them?” Strange, that the very means used by the most gracious God to bring sinners to repentance, should be made by them the very instruments of their own destruction! See 2Pe 3:4.

Ezekiel 12:23, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:23

It is said, it is sworn, that delay shall be no longer ( Rev. x. 6 ); the year of God's patience has now just expired, and he will no longer defer the execution of the sentence.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Ezekiel 12:25, 1 voice

Ezekiel 12:25

That glorious name of his speaks him a God giving being to his word by the performance of it, and therefore to the patriarchs, who lived by faith in a promise not yet performed, he was not known by his name Jehovah, Exod. vi. But, as he is Jehovah in making good his promise, so he is in making good his threatenings.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

2. (vv. 26-28)

a.Again the word of the Lord came to me: A second proverb closes the chapter, this one aimed less at prophecy in general than at Ezekiel's own words specifically, the vision that he seeth is for many days to come, and he prophesieth of the times that are far off. The people concede that Ezekiel may be a true prophet while still emptying his message of any present force, pushing every warning safely into a future too distant to require action now. The Lord's answer matches the first proverb's answer almost word for word, there shall none of my words be prolonged any more, the word which I have spoken shall be done. Fairbairn reads the chapter's two proverbs as the same excuse in two forms, first denying prophecy in general and then, when that failed, admitting the prophet but denying his timing, both answered by the same insistence that the word once spoken stands.

Ezekiel 12:27, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:27

Not a mere repetition of the scoff (Eze 12:22); there the scoffers asserted that the evil was so often threatened and postponed, it must have no reality; here formalists do not go so far as to deny that a day of evil is coming, but assert it is still far off (Am 6:3).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Ezekiel 12:27

But it was a great mistake, and they did but deceive themselves into their own ruin; and God is here much displeased at it; for, 1. It was a wretched abuse of the patience of God, who, because for a time he kept silence, was thought to be altogether such a one as themselves, Ps. l. That forbearance of God which should have led them to repentance hardened them in sin.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Ezekiel 12:28, 2 voices

Ezekiel 12:28

There shall none of my words be prolonged any more - He had waited to be gracious; they abused his mercy; and at last the protracted wrath rushed upon them with irresistible force.

Ezekiel 12:28

Note, Those that will not have their eyes opened and their mistakes rectified, by the word of God, shall be undeceived by his judgments: for every mouth that speaks perverse things shall be stopped.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Ezekiel 12. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on 9 works. Open for the list.

This page draws on Adam Clarke; Albert Barnes; Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); John Calvin, Commentaries (1554); John Gill; John Wesley; Matthew Henry and Patrick Fairbairn, An Exposition of Ezekiel.

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