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Isaiah 5:20

in Isaiah 5

Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who turn darkness to light and light to darkness, who replace bitter with sweet and sweet with bitter.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

KJV

Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

This verse in Isaiah 5

Commentary

23 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Isaiah · Written before 420.

(Verse 20) Woe to those who call evil good, and good evil: who put darkness for light, and light for darkness: who put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter. It is of the same crime to call good, light, and sweet by the opposite names, as to call evil, darkness, and bitter by the names of virtues.

This site's exposition

Woe to those who call evil

on Isaiah 5:20-21

The fourth woe falls on those who "call evil good and good evil," turning darkness to light and bitter to sweet. The fifth woe follows, on those "wise in their own eyes," and sets that self-made wisdom beside the reversal of good and evil.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers4 voices

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Enchiridion 6:19 · Written before 430.

proposed

"Woe unto them that call evil good." For this text is to be understood to refer not to humans but to those things that make humans evil, and the prophet's accusation is rightly applied to one who calls adultery good. But if someone should call another good whom he believes chaste, not knowing that he is an adulterer, he is deceived not in his understanding of good and evil but through the secrets of human conduct. He is calling a person good whom he believes to possess that which indubitably is good. The adulterer he would call evil, the chaste person good, and he calls the person in question good simply through not knowing that he is an adulterer and not chaste.

A commentator

Caesarius of Arles

SERMON 55:3 · Written before 542.

proposed

Some accept little gifts and presents and endeavor to corrupt just cases, as the prophet says: "Putting darkness for light, and light for darkness: saying what is sweet is bitter, and what is bitter, sweet." Therefore, they hear cases and decide them unjustly. They accept …

A commentator

Salvian the Presbyter

THE GOVERNANCE OF GOD 8 · Written before 500.

proposed

Must we be servile to the whim of those who are wicked? If they wish valueless praise conferred upon them, is it becoming that we, too, heap valueless and laughable praise on them? And this especially since they who wish to be ridiculous should not …

A commentator

Tertullian

SCORPIACE 1 · Written before 220.

proposed

For, in like manner, they also who oppose martyrdoms, representing salvation to be destruction, transmute sweet into bitter, as well as light into darkness. Thus, by preferring this very wretched life to that most blessed one, they put bitter for sweet, as well as darkness for light.

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Commentary on Isaiah · Written before 1274.

proposed

192. Woe to you that call evil good. Here he sets out vanity as to the excusing of sin. And first, as to the effect: that call evil good: the evil of their hands they call good (Mic 7:3); second, as to the intellect: that …
16 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 1 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

Opposing adherence to peace, we have the spirit of malice and cruelty, of hatred and anger, and these two lead to complete perversion: the malicious man turns every good into evil, while the angry man turns every evil into good and considers good the actual …

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil,.... That call evil actions good, and good actions evil; that excuse the one, and reproach the other; or that call evil men good, and good men evil; to which the Targum agrees.

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

To them - That take away the difference between good and evil; that justify wicked men and things, and condemn piety, or righteous persons.

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

Note, (1.) Virtue and piety are good, for they are light and sweet, they are pleasant and right; but sin and wickedness are evil; they are darkness, all the fruit of ignorance and mistake, and will be bitterness in the latter end.

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Fourth Woe--against those who confound the distinctions of right and wrong (compare Ro 1:28), "reprobate," Greek, "undiscriminating: the moral perception darkened." bitter . . . sweet--sin is bitter (Jer 2:19; Heb 12:15); though it seem sweet for a time (Pr 9:17, 18). Religion is sweet (Ps 119:103).
Wo unto them that call evil good ... - This is the fourth class of sins denounced. The sin which is reprobated here is that of “perverting and confounding” things, especially the distinctions of morality and religion. They prefer erroneous and fake doctrines to the true; they prefer an evil to an upright course of conduct.

Modern Voices10 voices

A commentator

GK Chesterton

All Things Considered, Limericks and Counsels of Perfection (1908) (1908)

proposed

As it is, exactly the reverse is true. Papers are permitted to terrify and darken the fancy of the young with innumerable details, but not permitted to state in clean legal language what the thing is about. They are allowed to give any fact about …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

All Things Considered, The Methuselahite (1908) (1908)

proposed

A new philosophy generally means in practice the praise of some old vice. We have had the sophist who defends cruelty, and calls it masculinity. We have had the sophist who defends profligacy, and calls it the liberty of the emotions. We have had the …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

All Things Considered, The Worship of the Wealthy (1908) (1908)

proposed

The word "modest" will soon become like the word "honourable," which is said to be employed by the Japanese before any word that occurs in a polite sentence, as "Put honourable umbrella in honourable umbrella-stand;" or "condescend to clean honourable boots." We shall read in …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

All Things Considered, The Boy (1908) (1908)

proposed

Men always attempt to avoid condemning a thing upon merely moral grounds. If I beat my grandmother to death to-morrow in the middle of Battersea Park, you may be perfectly certain that people will say everything about it except the simple and fairly obvious fact …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

All Things Considered, Tom Jones and Morality (1908) (1908)

proposed

Right is right, even if nobody does it. Wrong is wrong, even if everybody is wrong about it.

A commentator

GK Chesterton

Tremendous Trifles, The Orthodox Barber (1909) (1909)

proposed

But every now and then men jump up with the new something or other and say that everything can be had without sacrifice, that bad is good if you are only enlightened, and that there is no real difference between being shaved and not being …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

Tremendous Trifles, The Diabolist (1909) (1909)

proposed

"Do you see that fire?" I asked. "If we had a real fighting democracy, some one would burn you in it; like the devil-worshipper that you are." "Perhaps," he said, in his tired, fair way. "Only what you call evil I call good." …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

A Miscellany of Men, The Mad Official (1912) (1912)

proposed

Now things every bit as wild as this are being received in silence every day. All strokes slip on the smoothness of a polished wall. All blows fall soundless on the softness of a padded cell. For madness is a passive as well as an …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

A Miscellany of Men, The Nameless Man (1912) (1912)

proposed

The clue to all this tangle is as simple as it is terrible. If England is an aristocracy, England is dying. If this system IS the country, as some say, the country is stiffening into more than the pomp and paralysis of China. It is …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

All Things Considered, The Vote and the House (1908) (1908)

proposed

All injustice begins in the mind. And anomalies accustom the mind to the idea of unreason and untruth. ... When people have got used to unreason they can no longer be startled at injustice. When people have grown familiar with an anomaly, they are prepared …

The words behind it

16 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • ה֣וֹיwoe to!

    hoH1945 →51 times

  • הָאֹמְרִ֥יםthose [who] say

    haomerimH559 →5305 times

  • לָרַ֛עof <the> evil

    lara'H7451 →662 times

  • ט֖וֹבgood

    tovH2896 →538 times

  • וְלַטּ֣וֹבand of <the> good

    velatovH2896 →538 times

  • רָ֑עevil

    ra'H7451 →662 times

  • שָׂמִ֨ים[those who] make

    samimH7760 →584 times

  • חֹ֤שֶׁךְdarkness

    choshekhH2822 →80 times

  • לְאוֹר֙into light

    leorH216 →121 times

  • וְא֣וֹרand light

    veorH216 →121 times

  • לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְinto darkness

    lechoshekhH2822 →80 times

  • שָׂמִ֥ים[those who] make

    samimH7760 →584 times

  • מַ֛רbitter

    marH4751 →37 times

  • לְמָת֖וֹקinto sweet

    lematokH4966 →

  • וּמָת֥וֹקand sweet

    umatokH4966 →

  • לְמָֽר׃ סinto bitter

    lemarH4751 →37 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Luke 16:15

    So He said to them, “You are the ones who justify yourselves before men, but God knows your hearts. For what is prized among men is detestable before God.

    it leads to

    • 1 Samuel 16:7

      But the LORD said to Samuel, “Do not consider his appearance or height, for I have rejected him; the LORD does not see as man does. For man sees the outward appearance, but the…

    • Proverbs 21:2

      All a man’s ways seem right to him, but the LORD weighs the heart.

    • 1 Corinthians 4:5

      Therefore judge nothing before the appointed time; wait until the Lord comes. He will bring to light what is hidden in darkness and will expose the motives of men’s hearts. At that time each…

    • Jeremiah 17:10

      I, the LORD, search the heart; I examine the mind to reward a man according to his way, by what his deeds deserve.

    • Proverbs 16:5

      Everyone who is proud in heart is detestable to the LORD; be assured that he will not go unpunished.

  • Through

    Proverbs 17:15

    Acquitting the guilty and condemning the righteous—both are detestable to the LORD.

    it leads to

    • Exodus 23:7

      Stay far away from a false accusation. Do not kill the innocent or the just, for I will not acquit the guilty.

    • Isaiah 5:23

      who acquit the guilty for a bribe and deprive the innocent of justice.

    • Proverbs 18:5

      Showing partiality to the wicked is not good, nor is depriving the innocent of justice.

Where this verse is studied

About Isaiah

The Prophet Isaiah, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
The Prophet Isaiah, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 24 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Enchiridion 6:19; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 1; Caesarius of Arles, SERMON 55:3; GK Chesterton, All Things Considered, Limericks and Counsels of Perfection (1908); GK Chesterton, All Things Considered, The Methuselahite (1908); GK Chesterton, All Things Considered, The Worship of the Wealthy (1908); GK Chesterton, All Things Considered, The Boy (1908); GK Chesterton, All Things Considered, Tom Jones and Morality (1908); GK Chesterton, Tremendous Trifles, The Orthodox Barber (1909); GK Chesterton, Tremendous Trifles, The Diabolist (1909); GK Chesterton, A Miscellany of Men, The Mad Official (1912); GK Chesterton, A Miscellany of Men, The Nameless Man (1912); GK Chesterton, All Things Considered, The Vote and the House (1908); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Salvian the Presbyter, THE GOVERNANCE OF GOD 8; Tertullian, SCORPIACE 1 and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Isaiah.