Daniel 1:8
in Daniel 1But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s food or wine. So he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the king’s dainties, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.
KJV
But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king’s meat, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.
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This verse in Daniel 1
Commentary
11 notes on this verseBut Daniel - would not defile himself - I have spoken of this resolution in the introduction. The chief reasons why Daniel would not eat meat from the royal table were probably these three: - 1. Because they ate unclean beasts, which were forbidden by the Jewish law. 2. Because they ate, as did the heathens in general, beasts which had been strangled, or not properly blooded. 3. Because the animals that were eaten were first offered as victims to their gods.
This site's exposition
purposed in his heart
on Daniel 1:8-10
Daniel purposed in his heart before the request was even made, the text's own emphasis: the resolve comes first, and the negotiation with Ashpenaz follows as its outworking rather than its cause. The bench reads the king's food and wine as likely offered first to idols, so that eating it meant more than diet, a table shared with Babylon's gods; Wesley and Gill both note that a defiled conscience, once yielded on a small point, rarely holds on a large one. The prince of the eunuchs fears for his own head under a king he cannot resist, which sets up Daniel's proposal as a solution offered rather than a demand pressed.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers3 voices
For these, having acquired the fear of God from boyhood, did not want to partake from the table of the king nor to drink from the wine which he drank. O blessed boys, who guarded the covenant of the fathers and did not transgress the law which was given through Moses, but who feared God on account of his preaching! These captives who were in a strange land were not beguiled by the many foods nor enslaved by the pleasure of the wine, nor enticed by the kingly glory. They who were plundered kept their mouths undefiled and pure, as a pure word, which comes forth from a pure mouth, hymns through the mouth to the heavenly Father, just as it is written, "If you shall bring forth honor from worthlessness you will be as my mouth." [Jeremiah 15:19] And so, you know, O man, what has been spoken. A mouth brings forth the paternal honorable Word from itself, so that again a second time the Word is shown as being begotten by the saints, which always begets the saints and itself is begotten by the saints. And so Scripture says, "And Daniel set in his heart not to be defiled with what was on the table of the king and with the wine which he drank and he asked the chief eunuch to give them vegetables", so that it may be shown that a man does not live by bread alone. [Matthew 4:4; Deuteronomy 8:3]
For those who love God do not seek after the God of all in just one place, but even in the midst of this misfortune they worshiped as if in the house of the Creator. In that place there are many wondrous moments to be …
Verse 8. "Daniel, however, purposed in his heart that he would not be defiled by food from the king's table, nor by the wine which he drank, and he asked the chief of the eunuchs that he might not be polluted." He who would not eat or drink of the king's food or wine lest he be denied (especially if he should be aware that the wisdom and teaching of the Babylonians is mistaken), would never consent to utter what was wrong.
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
He did not dare to eat and drink things consecrated to idols. He was sensible, how unsuitable delicate fare would be to the afflicted state of God's people. Therefore he was herein a rare pattern of avoiding all the occasions of evil.
But Daniel purposed in his heart,.... It being proposed to him to be brought up in the manner before described, he revolved it in his mind; he well weighed it, and considered it with himself, and came to a resolution about it.
4 more voices on this verse
The Nineteenth Century4 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
To have partaken of such a feast would have been to sanction idolatry, and was forbidden even after the legal distinction of clean and unclean meats was done away (1Co 8:7, 10; Thus the faith of these youths was made instrumental in overruling the evil foretold against the Jews (Eze 4:13; Ho 9:3), to the glory of God.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2291: “"Dare To Be a Daniel"” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
VERY much of our future life will depend upon our earliest days. I like a remark of Mr. Ruskin's that I remember to have read, though I cannot quote it verbatim. He says, "People often say, 'We excuse the thoughtlessness of youth,'" but he says, "No, it never ought to be excused. I had far rather hear of thoughtless old age, when a man has done his work— but what excuse can be found for a thoughtless youth?
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2291: “"Dare To Be a Daniel"” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
VERY much of our future life will depend upon our earliest days. I like a remark of Mr. Ruskin's that I remember to have read, though I cannot quote it verbatim. He says, "People often say, 'We excuse the thoughtlessness of youth,'" but he says, "No, it never ought to be excused. I had far rather hear of thoughtless old age, when a man has done his work— but what excuse can be found for a thoughtless youth? The time for thought is at the beginning of life and there is no period which so much demands, or so much necessitates, thoughtfulness as our early days." I would that all young men would think so. They say that they must sow their "wild oats." No, no, my dear young Friend, think before you sow such seed as that, and remember what the reaping will be. See whether there is not better corn to be found than wild oats and try to sow that. Then think how you will sow it and when you will sow it, for, if you do not think about the sowing— "What will the harvest be?" If there is any time when the farmer should think, it is surely in the early stages of the plowing and the sowing. If he does not think, then, it will be of small use for him to think afterwards. Daniel was a young man, and he did think. It was his glory that he so thought that he came to a purpose, and he purposed, not with a kind of superficial, "I will," but he, "purposed in his heart," and gave his whole self to a certain definite purpose which he deliberately formed. He was a young man—he was also a captive—and that rendered it the more remarkable that he should come to such a decision. He had been stolen away from his father's house and carried into a foreign land.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
But Daniel purposed in his heart - Evidently in concurrence with the youths who had been selected with him. See Dan 1:11-13. Daniel, it seems, formed this as a “decided” purpose, and “meant” to carry it into effect, as a matter of principle, though he designed to secure his object, if possible, by making a request that he might be “allowed” to pursue that course Dan 1:12, and wished not to give offence, or to provoke opposition. What would have been the result if he had not obtained permission we know not; but the probability is, that he would have thrown himself upon the protection of God, as he afterward did Dan. 6, and would have done what he considered to be duty, regardless of consequences. The course which he took saved him from the trial, for the prince of the eunuchs was willing to allow him to make the experiment, Dan 1:14. It is always better, even where there is decided principle, and a settled purpose in a matter, to obtain an object by a peaceful request, than to attempt to secure it by violence. That he would not defile himself with the portion of the king’s meat - Notes, Dan 1:5. The word which is rendered “defile himself” - יתגאל yı̂thegâ'al from גאל gā'al - is commonly used in connection with “redemption,” its first and usual meaning being to redeem, to ransom. In later Hebrew, however, it means, to be defiled; to be polluted, to be unclean. The “connection” between these significations of the word is not apparent, unless, as redemption was accomplished with the shedding of blood, rendering the place where it was shed defiled, the idea came to be permanently attached to the word. […]
The words behind it
17 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיָּ֤שֶׂם | vaiyasem | and he set | H7760 → | 584 times |
| דָּנִיֵּאל֙ | daniyel | Daniel | H1840 → | 24 times |
| עַל־ | ʾal- | on | H5921 → | 5755 times |
| לִבּ֔וֹ | libo | heart his | H3820 → | |
| אֲשֶׁ֧ר | ʾasher | that | H834 → | 5497 times |
| לֹֽא־ | lo'- | not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| יִתְגָּאַ֛ל | yitgaal | he defiled himself | H1351 → | |
| בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג | befatbag | with [the] delicaci[es] of | H6598 → | 8 times |
| הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ | hamelekh | the king | H4428 → | 2525 times |
| וּבְיֵ֣ין | uveyein | and with [the] wine of | H3196 → | 141 times |
| מִשְׁתָּ֑יו | mishtav | drink his | H4960 → | 46 times |
| וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙ | vayvakesh | and he requested | H1245 → | 225 times |
| מִשַּׂ֣ר | misar | from [the] chief of | H8269 → | 421 times |
| הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים | hasarisim | the officials | H5631 → | 42 times |
| אֲשֶׁ֖ר | ʾasher | that | H834 → | 5497 times |
| לֹ֥א | lo' | not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| יִתְגָּאָֽל׃ | yitgaal | he will defile himself | H1351 → |
וַיָּ֤שֶׂםand he set
vaiyasemH7760 →584 times
דָּנִיֵּאל֙Daniel
daniyelH1840 →24 times
עַל־on
ʾal-H5921 →5755 times
לִבּ֔וֹheart his
liboH3820 →
אֲשֶׁ֧רthat
ʾasherH834 →5497 times
לֹֽא־not
lo'-H3808 →5168 times
יִתְגָּאַ֛לhe defiled himself
yitgaalH1351 →
בְּפַתְבַּ֥גwith [the] delicaci[es] of
befatbagH6598 →8 times
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe king
hamelekhH4428 →2525 times
וּבְיֵ֣יןand with [the] wine of
uveyeinH3196 →141 times
מִשְׁתָּ֑יוdrink his
mishtavH4960 →46 times
וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙and he requested
vayvakeshH1245 →225 times
מִשַּׂ֣רfrom [the] chief of
misarH8269 →421 times
הַסָּרִיסִ֔יםthe officials
hasarisimH5631 →42 times
אֲשֶׁ֖רthat
ʾasherH834 →5497 times
לֹ֥אnot
lo'H3808 →5168 times
יִתְגָּאָֽל׃he will defile himself
yitgaalH1351 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
5 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Psalms 141:4Do not let my heart be drawn to any evil thing or take part in works of wickedness with men who do iniquity; let me not feast on their delicacies.
it leads to
- Psalms 119:36
Turn my heart to Your testimonies and not to covetous gain.
- Matthew 6:13
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.’
- 1 Corinthians 15:33
Do not be deceived: “Bad company corrupts good character.”
- Isaiah 63:17
Why, O LORD, do You make us stray from Your ways and harden our hearts from fearing You? Return, for the sake of Your servants, the tribes of Your heritage.
- 2 Corinthians 6:17
“Therefore come out from among them and be separate, says the Lord. Touch no unclean thing, and I will receive you.”
- Psalms 119:36
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About Daniel

Who and where
1 name in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on 10 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2291: “"Dare To Be a Daniel"” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Hippolytus of Rome, Commentary on Daniel 1.10.2-11.1; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER ONE; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Theodoret of Cyrus, COMMENTARY ON DANIEL 1:8.
