1 Samuel 4:1
in 1 Samuel 4Thus the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now the Israelites went out to meet the Philistines in battle and camped at Ebenezer, while the Philistines camped at Aphek.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and encamped beside Eben-ezer: and the Philistines encamped in Aphek.
KJV
And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben–ezer: and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.
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This verse in 1 Samuel 4
Commentary
3 notes on this verseA commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
Some attach the opening words to the close of 1 Sam. 3, as the complement of what is there said, “The Lord revealed himself to Samuel ... in Shiloh, and the word of Samuel went forth to all Israel.” If placed at the commencement of 1 Sam. 4, and in connection with what follows, they are to be understood in the sense that Samuel called all Israel to battle against the Philistines. (Compare 1Sa 7:5.) But this is not the natural interpretation of the words, which seem clearly to belong to what went before.
This site's exposition
pitched beside Eben-ezer
on 1 Samuel 4:1-2
Israel camps at Eben-ezer and the Philistines at Aphek, and the first clash costs four thousand men before anyone in the camp asks why. The name Eben-ezer stands in the narrative here, years before Samuel raises the actual stone and names it so at 7:12, so this first use runs ahead of the event it later marks. The defeat opens the chapter without a word of prayer or enquiry, which sets the pattern the rest of the ark narrative will correct.
The record, by era
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Israel went out against the Philistines to battle--that is, to resist this new incursion. Aphek--Aphek, which means "strength," is a name applied to any fort or fastness.
How the passage was read
What the Jewish commentators add
The word of Shmuel went out to all of Yisroel. The word which was said to Shmuel, was fulfilled, and came to all Yisroel. How did this misfortune befall them? "Yisroel went out to war against the Philistines.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.
The words behind it
17 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיְהִ֥י | vayhi | and it came | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| דְבַר־ | devar- | [the] word of | H1697 → | 1440 times |
| שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל | shemuel | Samuel | H8050 → | 141 times |
| לְכָל־ | lekhol | to all | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | yisrael | Israel | H3478 → | 2507 times |
| וַיֵּצֵ֣א | vaiyetze' | and it went out | H3318 → | 1067 times |
| יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ | yisrael | Israel | H3478 → | 2507 times |
| לִקְרַ֨את | likrat | to meet | H7122 → | 139 times |
| פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים | pelishtim | [the] Philistines | H6430 → | 287 times |
| לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה | lamilchamah | for <the> battle | H4421 → | 320 times |
| וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ | vaiyachanu | and they encamped | H2583 → | 143 times |
| עַל־ | ʾal- | at | H5921 → | 5755 times |
| הָאֶ֣בֶן | haeven | <the> Eben- | H72 → | 6 times |
| הָעֵ֔זֶר | haezer | -ezer | H72 → | 6 times |
| וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים | ufelishtim | and [the] Philistines | H6430 → | 287 times |
| חָנ֥וּ | chanu | they encamped | H2583 → | 143 times |
| בַאֲפֵֽק׃ | vaafek | at Aphek | H663 → |
וַיְהִ֥יand it came
vayhiH1961 →3559 times
דְבַר־[the] word of
devar-H1697 →1440 times
שְׁמוּאֵ֖לSamuel
shemuelH8050 →141 times
לְכָל־to all
lekholH3605 →5413 times
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsrael
yisraelH3478 →2507 times
וַיֵּצֵ֣אand it went out
vaiyetze'H3318 →1067 times
יִשְׂרָאֵל֩Israel
yisraelH3478 →2507 times
לִקְרַ֨אתto meet
likratH7122 →139 times
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים[the] Philistines
pelishtimH6430 →287 times
לַמִּלְחָמָ֗הfor <the> battle
lamilchamahH4421 →320 times
וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙and they encamped
vaiyachanuH2583 →143 times
עַל־at
ʾal-H5921 →5755 times
הָאֶ֣בֶן<the> Eben-
haevenH72 →6 times
הָעֵ֔זֶר-ezer
haezerH72 →6 times
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםand [the] Philistines
ufelishtimH6430 →287 times
חָנ֥וּthey encamped
chanuH2583 →143 times
בַאֲפֵֽק׃at Aphek
vaafekH663 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
1 Samuel 7:12Afterward, Samuel took a stone and set it up between Mizpah and Shen. He named it Ebenezer, saying, “Thus far the LORD has helped us.”
it leads to
- 2 Corinthians 1:10
He has delivered us from such a deadly peril, and He will deliver us. In Him we have placed our hope that He will yet again deliver us,
- Joshua 4:9
Joshua also set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan, in the place where the priests who carried the ark of the covenant stood. And the stones are there to this day.
- Acts 26:22
But I have had God’s help to this day, and I stand here to testify to small and great alike. I am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would happen:
- Genesis 22:14
And Abraham called that place The LORD Will Provide. So to this day it is said, “On the mountain of the LORD it will be provided.”
- Genesis 35:14
So Jacob set up a pillar in the place where God had spoken with him—a stone marker—and he poured out a drink offering on it and anointed it with oil.
- 2 Corinthians 1:10
Through
1 Samuel 3:11Then the LORD said to Samuel, “I am about to do something in Israel at which the ears of all who hear it will tingle.
it leads to
- Habakkuk 1:5
“Look at the nations and observe—be utterly astounded! For I am doing a work in your days that you would never believe even if someone told you.
- Acts 13:41
‘Look, you scoffers, wonder and perish! For I am doing a work in your days that you would never believe, even if someone told you.’”
- Habakkuk 1:5
Through
1 Samuel 29:1Now the Philistines brought all their forces together at Aphek, while Israel camped by the spring in Jezreel.
it leads to
- Joshua 19:30
Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob. There were twenty-two cities, along with their villages.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Joshua 19:30
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About 1 Samuel

Who and where
1 name in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament and Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Books of Samuel.
