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1 Samuel 4:1

in 1 Samuel 4

Thus the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now the Israelites went out to meet the Philistines in battle and camped at Ebenezer, while the Philistines camped at Aphek.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and encamped beside Eben-ezer: and the Philistines encamped in Aphek.

KJV

And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben–ezer: and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.

This verse in 1 Samuel 4

Commentary

3 notes on this verse
Some attach the opening words to the close of 1 Sam. 3, as the complement of what is there said, “The Lord revealed himself to Samuel ... in Shiloh, and the word of Samuel went forth to all Israel.” If placed at the commencement of 1 Sam. 4, and in connection with what follows, they are to be understood in the sense that Samuel called all Israel to battle against the Philistines. (Compare 1Sa 7:5.) But this is not the natural interpretation of the words, which seem clearly to belong to what went before.

This site's exposition

pitched beside Eben-ezer

on 1 Samuel 4:1-2

Israel camps at Eben-ezer and the Philistines at Aphek, and the first clash costs four thousand men before anyone in the camp asks why. The name Eben-ezer stands in the narrative here, years before Samuel raises the actual stone and names it so at 7:12, so this first use runs ahead of the event it later marks. The defeat opens the chapter without a word of prayer or enquiry, which sets the pattern the rest of the ark narrative will correct.

The record, by era

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Israel went out against the Philistines to battle--that is, to resist this new incursion. Aphek--Aphek, which means "strength," is a name applied to any fort or fastness.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

The word of Shmuel went out to all of Yisroel. The word which was said to Shmuel, was fulfilled, and came to all Yisroel. How did this misfortune befall them? "Yisroel went out to war against the Philistines.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Samuel 4:1:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

17 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיְהִ֥יand it came

    vayhiH19613559 times

  • דְבַר־[the] word of

    devar-H16971440 times

  • שְׁמוּאֵ֖לSamuel

    shemuelH8050141 times

  • לְכָל־to all

    lekholH36055413 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsrael

    yisraelH34782507 times

  • וַיֵּצֵ֣אand it went out

    vaiyetze'H33181067 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵל֩Israel

    yisraelH34782507 times

  • לִקְרַ֨אתto meet

    likratH7122139 times

  • פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים[the] Philistines

    pelishtimH6430287 times

  • לַמִּלְחָמָ֗הfor <the> battle

    lamilchamahH4421320 times

  • וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙and they encamped

    vaiyachanuH2583143 times

  • עַל־at

    ʾal-H59215755 times

  • הָאֶ֣בֶן<the> Eben-

    haevenH726 times

  • הָעֵ֔זֶר-ezer

    haezerH726 times

  • וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםand [the] Philistines

    ufelishtimH6430287 times

  • חָנ֥וּthey encamped

    chanuH2583143 times

  • בַאֲפֵֽק׃at Aphek

    vaafekH663

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    1 Samuel 7:12

    Afterward, Samuel took a stone and set it up between Mizpah and Shen. He named it Ebenezer, saying, “Thus far the LORD has helped us.”

    it leads to

    • 2 Corinthians 1:10

      He has delivered us from such a deadly peril, and He will deliver us. In Him we have placed our hope that He will yet again deliver us,

    • Joshua 4:9

      Joshua also set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan, in the place where the priests who carried the ark of the covenant stood. And the stones are there to this day.

    • Acts 26:22

      But I have had God’s help to this day, and I stand here to testify to small and great alike. I am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would happen:

    • Genesis 22:14

      And Abraham called that place The LORD Will Provide. So to this day it is said, “On the mountain of the LORD it will be provided.”

    • Genesis 35:14

      So Jacob set up a pillar in the place where God had spoken with him—a stone marker—and he poured out a drink offering on it and anointed it with oil.

  • Through

    1 Samuel 3:11

    Then the LORD said to Samuel, “I am about to do something in Israel at which the ears of all who hear it will tingle.

    it leads to

    • Habakkuk 1:5

      “Look at the nations and observe—be utterly astounded! For I am doing a work in your days that you would never believe even if someone told you.

    • Acts 13:41

      ‘Look, you scoffers, wonder and perish! For I am doing a work in your days that you would never believe, even if someone told you.’”

  • Through

    1 Samuel 29:1

    Now the Philistines brought all their forces together at Aphek, while Israel camped by the spring in Jezreel.

    it leads to

    • Joshua 19:30

      Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob. There were twenty-two cities, along with their villages.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

Where this verse is studied

On this page

About 1 Samuel

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament and Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Books of Samuel.