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Scripture: The text alone. Study: The verses explained. Original: The Hebrew and Greek, and the tradition.

Psalm 30

12 verses · KJVPsalms book hub →

Key verse

Lord, by thy favour thou hast made my mountain to stand strong: thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled.

The chapter

Chapter summary

A song at the dedication of the house. 'I will extol thee, O Jehovah; for thou hast raised me up', healed, brought up from Sheol, kept alive. The theology of the night and the morning: 'His anger is but for a moment; his favor is for a life-time: weeping may tarry for the night, but joy cometh in the morning.' Prosperity had said 'I shall never be moved'; the hidden face taught otherwise. 'Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing… O Jehovah my God, I will give thanks unto thee for ever.'

Context

Poetry · David, Asaph, Sons of Korah, others · Psalms overview

Where the chapter sits

Psalms 30 falls in Book I: Davidic core (chapters 1–41). Ps 1 (Torah-delight) + Ps 2 (messianic enthronement) as intentional introduction; Davidic dominance; Torah-praise Psalms 1 and 19; six penitential / lament clusters. Doxology at 41:13.

After it: Book II: Davidic + Korahite, chapters 42–72.

The whole shape of Psalms

The world behind this chapter

Psalms 30
When
The reign of David; headed as a song for the dedication of the house · c. 1000-970 BC; traditionally tied to David's palace or to the dedication of the temple site he bought and prepared
Where
A dedication ceremony, sung by a man who had come near death
Who first heard it
Israelites marking a new house with sacrifice and thanksgiving

The history

Dedicating a building was a real ceremony in Israel, not a formality. The Law even excused a man from military service until he had dedicated his new house. Which house this heading means is not settled, David's cedar palace, or the threshing floor of Araunah that he bought after the plague and set apart for the altar, or the temple itself with the psalm attached later in use. Each reading has defenders; the psalm does not say.

The rest of the history, and what it meant to them

"Thou hast brought up my soul from the grave: thou hast kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit" is illness language. Israelites buried their dead in rock-cut chambers with a shelf for the body, and the family gathered its bones in a niche once the flesh was gone. Going down was literal.

"Thou hast put off my sackcloth, and girded me with gladness" describes a change of clothes as a public statement. Sackcloth was coarse goat-hair cloth, worn next to the skin as a mourning garment, often with ashes on the head; taking it off announced to a whole village that the season of grief was over.

"In my prosperity I said, I shall never be moved" is the confession that sets up everything else, a man who had a strong mountain, good years, and a settled kingdom, and mistook the gift for the guarantee.

What it meant to them

Israelites dedicating anything, a house, an altar, a harvest, sang a song that admits the dedicator nearly died and had nothing to boast about.

The line they kept was the measure of the two seasons: weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning.

Sources cited

  • Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 30
  • Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions

Every work MannaFest builds on →

A. Verses 1 to 12

1. (vv. 1-3)

a.The rescue is already done: lifted up, healed, pulled up from Sheol. Sheol is the Hebrew word for the place of the dead, and the Pit beside it is the grave. The man who sings was close to death.

Psalms 30:1, 2 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.

Psalms 30:1

In the preceding Psalm the prophet exhorted others to give thanks; here he himself gives thanks. The title is "A Psalm of a canticle, at the dedication of the house of David." As was said above, Psalms of canticles are so called because first a …

Thomas Aquinas· written before 1274· Exposition on the Psalms of Davidpatristic

Psalms 30:1

I will extol thee. I will have high and honourable conceptions of thee, and give them utterance in my best music. Others may forget thee, murmur at thee, despise thee, blaspheme thee, but "I will extol thee, "for I have been favoured above all others. I will extol thy name, thy character, thine attributes, thy mercy to me, thy great forbearance to my people; but, especially will I speak well of thyself; "I will extol thee, "O Jehovah; this shall be my cheerful and constant employ. For thou hast lifted me up.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:2, 2 voices

Psalms 30:2

For as much as someone directs their intention towards the Lord, they elevate the Lord even more, and they themselves are elevated. Hence, he says: I will exalt you, O Lord, for you have lifted me up. For the holy person exalts the Lord, while the sinner humbles Him.

Psalms 30:2

O Lord my God, I cried unto thee, and thou hast healed me. David sent up prayers for himself and for his people when visited with the pestilence. He went at once to head quarters, and not roundabout to fallible means. God is the best physician, even for our bodily infirmities. We do very wickedly and foolishly when we forget God. It was a sin in Asa that he trusted to physicians and not to God.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:3, 3 voices

Psalms 30:3

No one is able to exalt God unless God has lifted him up. For we are lifted up on high through the cross of Christ, who said, "When I will have been lifted up, I will draw all to me." We exalt the Lord who himself exalted the Father, and as much as he has been in him, he shows the Father to the ones who believe. He teaches that there are certain invisible enemies of the human spirit who envy the salvation handed over to them by God.

Origen of Alexandria· written before 253· SELECTIONS FROM THE PSALMS 30:2patristic

Psalms 30:3

O Lord, thou hast brought up my soul from the grave. Mark, it is not "I hope so; "but it is, "Thou hast; thou hast; thou hast" —three times over. David is quite sure, beyond a doubt, that God has done great things for him, whereof he is exceeding glad. He had descended to the brink of the sepulchre, and yet was restored to tell of the forbearance of God; nor was this all, he owned that nothing but grace had kept him from the lowest hell, and this made him doubly thankful.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:3

The more imminent our dangers have been, the more eminent our deliverances have been, the more comfortable are they to ourselves and the more illustrious proofs of the power and goodness of God.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

2. (vv. 4-5)

a.The thanks widen from one man to all the saints, who are told to praise His holy name. Verse 5 sets two spans against each other, an anger that is over quickly and a favour that lasts a lifetime. The night of weeping is real, and so is the morning.

Psalms 30:4, 3 voices

Psalms 30:4

One does not sing to the Lord by simply uttering the words of the psalm with his mouth, but all who send up the psalmody from a clean heart and who are holy, maintaining righteousness toward God, these are able to sing to God, harmoniously guided by the spiritual rhythms. How many stand there, coming from fornication? How many from theft? How many concealing in their hearts deceit? How many lying? They think they are singing, although in truth they are not singing. For the Scripture invites the saint to the singing of psalms.

Basil of Caesarea· written before 379· HOMILIES on the PSALMS 14:3 (PS 30)patristic

Psalms 30:4

Sing unto the Lord, O ye saints of his. "Join my song; assist me to express my gratitude." He felt that he could not praise God enough himself, and therefore he would enlist the hearts of others. Sing unto the Lord, O ye saints of his. David would not fill his choir with reprobates, but with sanctified persons, who could sing from their hearts. He calls to you, ye people of God, because ye are saints: and if sinners are wickedly silent, let your holiness constrain you to sing.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:4

They believe him to be a God of unspotted purity; and therefore let them sing to him; "Let them give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness; let them praise his holy name, for holiness is his memorial throughout all generations." God is a holy God; his holiness is his glory; that is the attribute which the holy angels, in their praises, fasten most upon, Isa. vi.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 30:5, 3 voices

Psalms 30:5

For his anger endureth but a moment. David here alludes to those dispensations of God's providence which are the chastisement ordered in his paternal government towards his erring children, such as the plague which fell upon Jerusalem for David's sins; these are but short judgments, and they are removed as soon as real penitence sues for pardon and presents the great and acceptable sacrifice. What a mercy is this, for if the Lord's wrath smoked for a long season, flesh would utterly fail before him.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:5

Relatively, the longest experience of divine anger by the pious is momentary. These precious words have consoled millions. What particular prosperity is meant we do not know; perhaps his accession to the throne.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Psalms 30:5

If weeping endureth for a night, and it be a wearisome night, yet as sure as the light of the morning returns after the darkness of the night, so sure will joy and comfort return in a short time, in due time, to the people of God; for the covenant of grace is as firm as the covenant of the day. This word has often been fulfilled to us in the letter.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

3. (vv. 6-7)

a.In prosperity he said he would never be shaken. Verse 7 gives the ground of that strength, the LORD's own favour, which had made his mountain stand strong. When God hid His face, the confidence went and he was dismayed.

Psalms 30:6, 2 voices

Psalms 30:6

As the prosperity of a city is dependent on the supply of goods for sale in the market, and as we say that a country is prosperous that produces much fruit, so also there is a certain prosperity of the soul when it has been filled with works of every kind. It is necessary first for it to be laboriously cultivated and then to be enriched by the plentiful streams of heavenly waters, so as to bear fruit thirtyfold, sixtyfold and a hundredfold and to obtain the blessing that says, "Blessed shall be your barns and blessed your stores."

Basil of Caesarea· written before 379· HOMILIES on the PSALMS 14:5 (PS 30)patristic

Psalms 30:6

In my prosperity. When all his foes were quiet, and his rebellious son dead and buried, then was the time of peril. Many a vessel founders in a calm. No temptation is so bad as tranquillity. I said, I shall never be moved. Ah! David, you said more than was wise to say, or even to think, for God has founded the world upon the floods, to show us what a poor, mutable, moveable, inconstant world it is. Unhappy he who builds upon it! He builds himself a dungeon for his hopes.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:7, 4 voices

Psalms 30:7

God is said to turn away his face when in times of troubles he permits us to be delivered up to trials, in order that the strength of him who is struggling may be known.… We pray always for the face of God to shine on us, in order that we may be in a state becoming to a holy person, gentle and untroubled in every way, because of our readiness for the good. "I am ready," he says, "and am not troubled."

Basil of Caesarea· written before 379· HOMILIES on the PSALMS 14:6 (PS 30)patristic

Psalms 30:7

Lord, by thy favour thou hast made my mountain to stand strong. He ascribed his prosperity to the Lord's favour—so far good, it is well to own the hand of the Lord in all our stability and wealth. But observe that the good in a good man is not unmingled good, for this was alloyed with carnal security. His state he compares to a mountain, a molehill would have been nearer—we never think too little of ourselves.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:7

Mountain - My kingdom: kingdoms are usually called mountains in prophetical writings.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

Psalms 30:7

If God hide his face, a good man is certainly troubled, though no other calamity befal him; when the sun sets night certainly follows, and the moon and all the stars cannot make day. When his mountain was shaken he lifted up his eyes above the hills. Prayer is a salve for every sore; he made use of it accordingly.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

4. (vv. 8-10)

a.The plea argues from God's own praise: dust cannot speak of His faithfulness. Hezekiah makes the same case on his sickbed at Isaiah 38:18 and 19, that the dead do not praise God. Verse 10 asks plainly for mercy and help.

Psalms 30:8, 1 voice

Psalms 30:8

I cried to thee, O Lord. Prayer is the unfailing resource of God's people. If they are driven to their wit's end, they may still go to the mercyseat. When an earthquake makes our mountain tremble, the throne of grace still stands firm, and we may come to it. Let us never forget to pray, and let us never doubt the success of prayer. The hand which wounds can heal: let us turn to him who smites us, and he will be entreated of us. Prayer is better solace than Cain's building a city, or Saul's seeking for music.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:9, 3 voices

Psalms 30:9

What profit is there in my blood?.... Should that be shed, and he die by the hands of his enemies, through divine permission: death is not profitable to a man's self by way of merit; it does not atone for sin, satisfy justice, and merit heaven; even the death of martyrs, and of such who shed their blood, died in the cause of Christ, and for his sake, is not meritorious; it does not profit in such sense: there is profit in no blood but in the blood of Christ, by which peace is made, pardon procured, and redemption obtained.

Psalms 30:9

In this verse we learn the form and method of David's prayer. It was an argument with God, an urging of reasons, a pleading of his cause. It was not a statement of doctrinal opinions, nor a narration of experience, much less a sly hit at other people under pretence of praying to God, although all these things and worse have been substituted for holy supplication at certain prayer meetings. He wrestled with the angel of the covenant with vehement pleadings, and therefore he prevailed.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:9

The promises of God's covenant cannot be performed to the dust. "Lord," says David, "if I die now, what will become of the promise made to me? Who shall declare the truth of that?" The best pleas in prayer are those that are taken from God's honour; and then we ask aright for life when we have that in view, that we may live and praise him.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 30:10, 2 voices

Psalms 30:10

Hear, O Lord, and have mercy upon me. A short and comprehensive petition, available at all seasons, let us use it full often. It is the publican's prayer; be it ours. If God hears prayer, it is a great act of mercy; our petitions do not merit a reply. Lord, be thou my helper. Another compact, expressive, ever fitting prayer.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:10

He prayed for mercy to pardon ( Have mercy upon me ), and for grace to help in time of need-- Lord, be thou my helper. On these two errands we also may come boldly to the throne of grace, Heb. iv.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

5. (vv. 11-12)

a.Mourning is turned into dancing, the sackcloth comes off, and joy is put on in its place. Sackcloth was the coarse cloth a mourner wore, and God takes it off him himself. Verse 12 gives the purpose, a heart that sings forever.

Psalms 30:11, 3 voices

Psalms 30:11

The joy of God is not found in just any soul but, if someone has mourned much and deeply his own sin with loud lamentations and continual weepings, as if he were bewailing his own death, the mourning of such a one is turned into joy.… The mourning garment, which he put on when bewailing his sin, is torn, and the tunic of joy is placed around him and the cloak of salvation, those bright wedding garments, with which if one is adorned, he will not be cast out from the bridal chamber.

Basil of Caesarea· written before 379· HOMILIES on the PSALMS 14:7 (PS 30)patristic

Psalms 30:11

Observe the contrast, God takes away the mourning of his people; and what does he give them instead of it? Quiet and peace? Aye, and a great deal more than that. Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing. He makes their hearts to dance at the sound of his name. He takes off their sackcloth. That is good. What a delight to be rid of the habiliments of woe! But what then? He clothes us. And how? With some common dress? Nay, but with that royal vestment which is the array of glorified spirits in heaven.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:11

The sackcloth with which, in a humble compliance with the divine Providence, he had clad himself, was loosed; his griefs were balanced; his fears were silenced; his comforts returned; and he was girded with gladness: joy was made his ornament, was made his strength, and seemed to cleave to him, as the girdle cleaves to the loins of a man.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 30:12, 3 voices

Psalms 30:12

When you granted me pardon because of my repentance and led me back into glory, taking away the shame of my sins, for this I shall give praise to you for all eternity. In fact, what space of time could be so great, that it could produce in my soul forgetfulness of such mighty benefits?

Basil of Caesarea· written before 379· HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 14:8 (PS 30)patristic

Psalms 30:12

To the end —namely, with this view and intent— that my glory —that is, my tongue or my soul— may sing praise to thee, and not be silent. It would be a shameful crime, if, after receiving God's mercies, we should forget to praise him. God would not have our tongues lie idle while so many themes for gratitude are spread on every hand. He would have no dumb children in the house. They are all to sing in heaven, and therefore they should all sing on earth.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 30:12

Though "my" is supplied before "glory" it is better as in Ps 16:9, to receive it as used for tongue, the organ of praise. The ultimate end of God's mercies to us is our praise to Him.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Psalms 30. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on 11 works. Open for the list.

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Psalms; Ambrose of Milan, On Isaac and the Soul, Chapter VII, 57; Basil of Caesarea; Charles Spurgeon; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); John Gill; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765); Matthew Henry; Origen of Alexandria, SELECTIONS FROM THE PSALMS 30:2 and Thomas Aquinas, Exposition on the Psalms of David.

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