2 Corinthianschapter 10
18 verses · Paul · about AD 56 · Paul's letters
Now by the mildness and gentleness of Christ, I appeal to you—I, Paul, who am humble when face to face with you, but bold when away.
Introduction
Paul, Paul's letters, 2 Corinthians Overview.
Paul wrote this chapter, with Timothy named beside him in the letter's first verse, to the church of God in Corinth and the saints throughout Achaia. It opens the last four chapters of the letter, where Paul defends his ministry against rival teachers. The tone changes sharply from the calm appeal about money in chapters 8 and 9. Listen for the words of war, weapons, strongholds and captives. Listen also for the words of boasting and measuring, which come back again and again. Hear it as a pastor's warning, given in writing so that he need not give it face to face.
Context
- Who
- Corinthians repeating a criticism: his letters are weighty, his bodily presence is weak, and his speech amounts to nothing.
- What
- The opening of Paul's defence of his authority as an apostle, against rivals who said he was bold in his letters and weak in person.
- Where
- Written from Macedonia to the church at Corinth, where rival teachers had come in after Paul founded the church.
- When
- About AD 55 to 56, before the third visit to Corinth that Paul announces in 12:14 and 13:1.
- Why
- To answer that charge and to warn the church that he would act as firmly when present as he wrote when absent.
Historical context
That criticism is a professional review. Ancient rhetoric graded a speaker on presence, voice, gesture, and delivery as much as on content, and a man who wrote powerfully but underperformed in person had failed at the visible part of the craft. The Corinthians were applying the standards of the lecture circuit to an apostle.
Show the rest of the historical context, 3 more paragraphs
The siege imagery, weapons with divine power to destroy strongholds, taking every thought captive, comes from war. Rome's armies reduced fortified cities by ramp, ram, and tower, and everyone knew what happened afterwards to the captives.
Paul's talk of staying within the field God assigned him addresses a real practice: itinerant teachers moving into territory another had opened and claiming the credit. He refuses to boast in another man's labour, which by implication is exactly what his rivals were doing in Corinth.
The whole passage is shaped as reluctant self-defence. He knows that commending yourself was a recognized rhetorical move and says the one who is approved is not the one who commends himself but the one the Lord commends.
Significance
The first hearers were told that the fight was not against people. The war is over thoughts, arguments, and lofty opinions raised against the knowledge of God, and the weapons are not worldly ones.
Show the rest of the significance, 1 more paragraph
They were also being warned. Paul says he is begging them now so that he will not need to be bold when present, a plain notice that the gentleness in the letters is not incapacity.
The heads below are this chapter's scenes. The numbered points under each are its verses.
Weapons Not of the Flesh: Strongholds Pulled Down
2 Corinthians 10:1-2
the mildness and gentleness of Christ: Paul answers a charge the false apostles pressed at Corinth, that he is humble when face to face with you, but bold when away. His plea shows he would rather settle this by letter than in person.
2 Corinthians 10:1
“My yoke is easy and my burden is light. (Matthew 11:29, 30.) The Prophet also says of him, His voice will not be heard in the streets: a bruised reed he shall not break, etc. (Isaiah 42:2, 3.) That gentleness, therefore, which Christ showed, he requires also from his servants. Paul, in making mention of it, intimates that he is no stranger to it.”
John Calvin · Commentaries (1554)reformed
1 more voice on this verseWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.
2 Corinthians 10:1
“Now I Paul myself beseech you - I entreat you who are members of the church not to give me occasion for the exercise of severity in discipline. I have just expressed my confidence in the church in general, and my belief that you will act in accordance with the rules of the gospel. But I cannot thus speak of all. There are some among you who have spoken with contempt of my authority and my claims as an apostle.”
those who presume that we live according to the flesh: Paul's rivals said he acted from worldly motives. Adam Clarke calls the charge cowardice, a man who blusters from a distance and gives way before the strong. Albert Barnes reads the plea as a request that the church's conduct not force him to use the severity he fears he must.
2 Corinthians 10:2
“Some, which think of us as if we walked according to the flesh - As it is customary for cowards and overbearing men to threaten the weak and the timid when present; to bluster when absent; and to be very obsequious in the presence of the strong and courageous. This conduct they appear to have charged against the apostle, which he calls here walking after the flesh - acting as a man who had worldly ends in view, and would use any means in order to accomplish them.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
2 Corinthians 10:3-4
we do not wage war: Flesh means ordinary human existence in though we live in the flesh, and fallen method in we do not wage war according to the flesh. Paul grants that he lives in a body while refusing the world’s weapons, such as rhetoric, intimidation or political maneuver.
2 Corinthians 10:3
“For though we walk in the flesh - Though we are mortal like other people; though we dwell like them in mortal bodies, and necessarily must devote some care to our temporal needs; and though, being in the flesh, we are conscious of imperfections and frailties like others. The sense is, that he did not claim exemption from the common needs and frailties of nature. The best of people are subject to these needs and frailties; the best of people are liable to err.”
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:3
“After the flesh - By any carnal or worldly methods. Though the apostle here, and in several other parts of this epistle, speaks in the plural number, for the sake of modesty and decency, yet he principally means himself. On him were these reflections thrown, and it is his own authority which he is vindicating.”
John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical
divine power to demolish strongholds: The power belongs to God, and Jamieson, Fausset and Brown render the phrase mighty before God. Albert Barnes lists the aids Paul will not lean on, eloquence, talent, learning and wealth, the means the world relies on to advance its cause. Adam Clarke compares Ephesians 6:10 to 17.
2 Corinthians 10:4
“The weapons of our warfare - The apostle often uses the metaphor of a warfare to represent the life and trials of a Christian minister. See Eph 6:10-17; 1Ti 1:18; 2Ti 2:3-5. Are not carnal - Here he refers to the means used by the false apostle in order to secure his party; he calumniated St. Paul, traduced the truth, preached false and licentious doctrines, and supported these with sophistical reasonings.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
2 Corinthians 10:5-6
We tear down arguments: Arguments renders logismoi, reasonings, and presumption renders hupsoma, a raised barrier, so the warfare targets proud reasoning set up against the knowledge of God. Paul will take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ.
2 Corinthians 10:5
“Even satan's thoughts come to us as spontaneous thoughts, which is why we are commanded to "take every thought captive" (2 Cor. 10:5).”
Mark Virkler · Four Keys to Hearing God's Voice (Christian Leadership University)Charismatic-evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:5
“Casting down imaginations - Margin, reasonings. The word is probably used here in the sense of device, and refers to all the plans of a wicked world; the various systems of false philosophy; and the reasonings of the enemies of the gospel. The various systems of false philosophy were so intrenched that they might be called the stronghold of the enemies of God. The foes of Christianity pretend to a great deal of reason, and rely on that in resisting the gospel.”
as soon as your obedience is complete: Paul holds back punishment until the church has chosen its side. John Chrysostom reads the delay as mercy, since punishing at once would have caught the Corinthians along with the offenders. John Wesley says Paul waits so that he will not punish the innocent with the guilty.
2 Corinthians 10:6
“And having in a readiness to revenge all disobedience - I am ready, through this mighty armor of God, to punish those opposers of the doctrine of Christ, and the disobedience which has been produced by them. When your obedience is fulfilled - When you have in the fullest manner, discountenanced those men, and separated yourselves from their communion. The apostle was not in haste to pull up the tares, lest he should pull up the wheat also. All the terms in these two verses are military.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:6
“Being in readiness to avenge all disobedience - Not only by spiritual censure, but miraculous punishments. When your obedience is fulfilled - When the sound part of you has given proof of your obedience, so that I am in no danger of punishing the innocent with the guilty.”
John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical
Weighty Letters, Unimpressive in Person
2 Corinthians 10:7-8
You are looking at outward appearances: Paul answers a rival’s claim to belong specially to Christ by matching it: we belong to Christ just as much as he does. He leaves the man’s sincerity undisputed, and the irony of chapter 11 begins here.
2 Corinthians 10:7
“Do ye look on things after the outward appearance? - This is addressed evidently to the members of the church, and with reference to the claims which had been set up by the false teachers. There can be no doubt that they valued themselves on their external advantages, and laid claim to special honor in the work of the ministry, because they were superior in personal appearance, in rank, manners, or eloquence to Paul. Paul reproves them for thus judging, and assures them that this was not a proper criterion by which to determine on qualifications for the apostolic office.”
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:7
“Even in outward bearing when I shall be present with you (in contrast to "by letters," 2Co 10:9) I will show that I am more really armed with the authority of Christ, than those who arrogate to themselves the title of being peculiarly "Christ's" (1Co 1:12).”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
for building you up rather than tearing you down: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown note that tearing down renders the same Greek word as the arguments torn down in verse 5. Following Chrysostom, they read the demolition as clearing away what hinders the building, so that the building can rise. Matthew Henry makes edification the end of all authority.
2 Corinthians 10:8
“For, though I should boast, etc. - I have a greater authority and spiritual power than I have yet shown, both to edify and to punish; but I employ this for your edification in righteousness, and not for the destruction of any delinquent. “This,” says Calmet, “is the rule which the pastors of the Church ever propose to themselves in the exercise of their authority; whether to enjoin or forbid, to dispense or to oblige, to bind or to loose.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:8
“Concerning this observe, 1. The nature of his authority: it was for edification, and not for destruction. This indeed is the end of all authority, civil and ecclesiastical, and was the end of that extraordinary authority which the apostles had, and of all church-discipline.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
2 Corinthians 10:9-11
trying to frighten you by my letters: Paul quotes the accusation directly: His letters are weighty and forceful, but his physical presence is unimpressive, and his speaking is of no account. He answers with a promise of consistency: what we are in our letters when absent, we will be in our actions when present.
2 Corinthians 10:9
“That I may not seem ... - The meaning of this verse seems to be this. “I say that I might boast more of my power in order that I may not appear disposed to terrify you with my letters merely. I do not threaten more than I can perform. I have it in my power to execute all that I have threatened, and to strike an awe not only by my letters, but by the infliction of extraordinary miraculous punishments.”
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:9
“I say this lest I should seem to be terrifying you, as children, with empty threats [BENGEL]. ESTIUS explains, "I might boast more of my authority, but I forbear to do so, that I may not seem as if," &c. But this ellipsis is harsh: and 2Co 10:10, 11 confirm BENGEL'S view.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Albert Barnes notes that the Greek verb is singular, he says, and takes it to point to one leader of the faction. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown read the plural letters as a sign that Corinth had received more than one strong letter from him. The charge concerned presence and speech.
2 Corinthians 10:10
“For his letters, say they, are weighty and powerful - He boasts of high powers, and that he can do great things. See on 2Co 10:1-2 (note). But his bodily presence is weak - When you behold the man, you find him a feeble, contemptible mortal; and when ye hear him speak, his speech, ὁ λογος, probably, his doctrine, εξουθενημενος, is good for nothing; his person, matter, and manner, are altogether uninteresting, unimpressive, and too contemptible to be valued by the wise and the learned. This seems to be the spirit and design of this slander.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
what we are in our letters when absent: Paul answers the charge with a promise of consistency. Albert Barnes reads it as a plain warning that what the letters threatened would be carried out unless there was repentance. Adam Clarke thinks it likely that the false apostle did not wait at Corinth for Paul to arrive.
2 Corinthians 10:11
“Let such an one think this ... - Let them not flatter themselves that there will be any discrepancy between my words and my deeds. Let them feel that all which has been threatened will be certainly executed unless there is repentance. Paul here designedly contradicts the charge which was made against him; and means to say that all that he had threatened in his letters would he certainly executed unless there was a reform.”
Measuring Themselves by Themselves
compare ourselves with some who commend themselves: Paul describes the closed loop his rivals have built: they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves. Their standard has no reference outside itself, and so they show their ignorance.
2 Corinthians 10:12
“We dare not make ourselves, etc. - As if he had said: I dare neither associate with, nor compare myself to, those who are full of self-commendation. Some think this to be an ironical speech. But they, measuring themselves by themselves - They are not sent of God; they are not inspired by his Spirit; therefore they have no rule to think or act by. They are also full of pride and self-conceit; they look within themselves for accomplishments which their self-love will soon find out; for to it real and fictitious are the same.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:12
The one-eyed is easily king among the blind. are not wise--with all their boasted "wisdom" (1Co 1:19-26), they are anything but "wise."
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
2 Corinthians 10:13-14
the field of influence that God has assigned: to us renders kanon, a rule, originally a measuring reed. Corinth stands inside that field because Paul planted the church there: we were the first to reach you with the gospel of Christ.
2 Corinthians 10:13
“Paul's "measure" is the apportionment of his sphere of Gospel labors ruled for him by God. A "rule" among the so-called "apostolic canons" subsequently was, that no bishop should appoint ministers beyond his own limits. At Corinth no minister ought to have been received without Paul's sanction, as Corinth was apportioned to him by God as his apostolic sphere.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:13
“His commission as an apostle was to preach the gospel every where, especially among the Gentiles, and he was not confined to one place; yet he observed the directions of Providence, and the Holy Spirit, as to the particular places whither he went or where he did abide.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
we were the first to reach you with the gospel of Christ: Paul's claim rests on what happened at Corinth. John Chrysostom reads the verse as saying Paul preached, persuaded and succeeded there, while his rivals arrived among disciples already made and took the credit. Adam Clarke traces Paul's route southward from Macedonia through Greece into Achaia.
2 Corinthians 10:14
“For we stretch not ourselves beyond - We have not proceeded straight from Macedonia through Thessaly, and across the Adriatic Gulf into Italy, which would have led us beyond you westward; but knowing the mind of our God we left this direct path, and came southward through Greece, down into Achaia, and there we planted the Gospel. The false apostle has therefore got into our province, and entered into our labors, and there boasts as if the conversion of the heathen Achaians had been his own work.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
2 Corinthians 10:15-16
in the labors of others: Paul states his ambition, that we can preach the gospel in the regions beyond you, on unreached ground. His rivals had walked into an already planted field and claimed it as conquest.
2 Corinthians 10:15
"Not boasting to unmeasured bounds (that is, not exceeding our own bounds by boasting) of (literally, 'in') other men's labors." when--"As your faith goes on increasing." The cause of his not yet reaching with the Gospel the regions beyond Corinth, was the weakness as yet of their faith.
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:15
“The primacy of knowledge the apostle shows to those capable of reflection, in writing to those Greeks of Corinth, in the following terms: "But having hope, when your faith is increased, that we shall be magnified in you according to our rule abundantly, to preach the Gospel beyond you." He does not mean the extension of his preaching locally: for he says also that in Achaia faith abounded; and it is related also in the Acts of the Apostles that he preached the word in Athens.”
Clement of Alexandria · written before 215 · The Stromata Book 6patristic
the regions beyond you: Paul's hope looks past Corinth to unreached ground. Albert Barnes thinks Italy and Spain the most likely regions, since Romans 15:24 and 28 show Paul planning to visit Spain. Adam Clarke suggests the south of Greece and Italy, and notes Paul would not go where other apostles were already labouring.
2 Corinthians 10:16
“To preach the Gospel in the regions beyond you - He probably refers to those parts of the Morea, such as Sparta, etc., that lay southward of them; and to Italy, which lay on the west; for it does not appear that he considered his measure or province to extend to Libya, or any part of Africa. See the Introduction, Section 12. Not to boast in another man’s line - So very scrupulous was the apostle not to build on another man’s foundation, that he would not even go to those places where other apostles were labouring.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
2 Corinthians 10:17-18
Paul closes the chapter with Jeremiah 9:24, already cited at 1 Corinthians 1:31: Let him who boasts boast in the Lord. Verse 18 answers the self-commendation named at verse 12 and sets the rule for the boasting of the next chapter.
2 Corinthians 10:17
“But he that glorieth - He that boasts. Whatever may be the occasion of his boasting, whether in planting churches or in watering them; whether in his purposes, plans, toils, or success. Paul himself did not deem it improper on some occasions to boast 2Co 11:16; 2Co 12:5, but it was not of his own power, attainments, or righteousness. He was disposed to trace all to the Lord, and to regard him as the source of all blessing and all success.”
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:17
Keep thyself pure as the habitation of God. Thou art the temple of Christ. Thou art the instrument of the Spirit. Thou knowest in what way I have brought thee up. Though I am the least of men, do thou seek to follow me, be thou an imitator of my conduct. I do not glory in the world, but in the Lord. I exhort Hero, my son; "but let him that glorieth, glory in the Lord."
Ignatius of Antioch · written before 108 · Epistle of Pseudo-Ignatius to Hero, a Deacon of Antiochpatristic
Cross references
2 Corinthians 10:17
the one whom the Lord commends: Approval is the Lord's verdict to give. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown take the Lord's commendation to be the believers converted through a minister, as at 3:1 to 3. Matthew Henry calls self-commendation no praise at all, and urges the reader to seek God's approval instead.
2 Corinthians 10:18
“Not he that commendeth himself - Not the person who makes a parade of his own attainments; who preaches himself, and not Christ Jesus the Lord; and, far from being your servant for Christ’s sake, affects to be your ruler; not such a one shall be approved of God, by an especial blessing on his labors; but he whom the Lord commendeth, by giving him the extraordinary gifts of the Holy Spirit, and converting the heathen by his ministry. These were qualifications to which the false apostle at Corinth could not pretend.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
2 Corinthians 10:18
“Of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst, and self-applause is seldom any better than self-flattery and self-deceit. At the best, self-commendation is no praise, and it is oftentimes as foolish and vain as it is proud; therefore, instead of praising or commending ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God, and his approbation will be our best commendation.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
How this psalm is built
The form: A reasoned case put to the Corinthians, asserting Paul's relation to Christ and his authority as an apostle of Christ, as Henry classes it.
The patterns in this chapter
| Device | What it does | Where to see it |
|---|---|---|
| The language of a siege | Verse 3 says we do not wage war according to the flesh, and verse 4 names weapons twice, warfare once, and strongholds to be demolished. Verse 5 tears down arguments and takes every thought captive, and verse 6 stands ready to punish. Adam Clarke, commenting on verse 6, calls all the terms in these two verses military.Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible, on 2 Corinthians 10:6. | 2 Corinthians 10:3, 2 Corinthians 10:4, 2 Corinthians 10:5, 2 Corinthians 10:6 |
| The rivals' words turned back | Verse 1 calls Paul humble when face to face and bold when away, and verse 10 quotes the charge in full: his letters are weighty, his presence unimpressive and his speaking of no account. Verse 11 answers it. John Chrysostom reads verse 1 as irony, Paul speaking of himself in his opponents' own words.John Chrysostom, Homily 21 on 2 Corinthians, on 2 Corinthians 10:1. | 2 Corinthians 10:1, 2 Corinthians 10:10, 2 Corinthians 10:11 |
| Boasting and commending | Some form of boast stands six times in the Berean text of the chapter, once each in verses 8, 13, 15 and 16 and twice in verse 17. Commend stands in verse 12 of the rivals who commend themselves and twice in verse 18, which closes the chapter on the one whom the Lord commends. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown translate verse 17 so that it matches the boasting of verse 16.Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, on 2 Corinthians 10:17. | 2 Corinthians 10:8, 2 Corinthians 10:12, 2 Corinthians 10:17, 2 Corinthians 10:18 |
| Boast in the Lord | Verse 17 quotes Jeremiah 9:24, which Paul had already cited at 1 Corinthians 1:31. The quotation sets the rule for all the boasting that follows in chapters 11 and 12. The site's published exposition of verse 17 records both uses.This site's published exposition of 2 Corinthians 10:17, The exposition_notes row on 2 Corinthians 10:17, citing Charles Hodge, An Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, and Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible. | 2 Corinthians 10:17 |
How the chapter is built
7 more paragraphs on the patterns
Verses 1 to 6 are Paul's plea and warning, set in the language of war. Verses 7 to 11 defend his authority, given for building up, and answer the charge that he is weak in person. Verses 12 to 18 turn to measuring and boasting: the rivals measure themselves by themselves, while Paul keeps to the field God assigned him, which reaches to Corinth, and boasts in the Lord.
Where it stands in the letter
Chapter 9 ended with thanks to God for His indescribable gift. Chapter 10 opens the defence that runs to the end of the letter, and the change of tone is sharp enough that some readers take chapters 10 to 13 as a separate letter, as the site's book page records. Albert Barnes reads the chapter as following on, since Paul has just expressed his confidence in the church in general and now turns to the few who despised his authority (Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments, on 2 Corinthians 10:1). Chapter 11 then takes up the boasting that verses 12 to 18 have prepared.
The debated reading: the gentleness of Christ
Jamieson, Fausset and Brown report that Bengel read verse 1 as the meekness and gentleness Paul had received from Christ, since gentleness is nowhere else said of Christ, and they answer that the idea is said of Him, as at Isaiah 40:11 (Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, on 2 Corinthians 10:1). John Chrysostom reads it as Christ's own gentleness, held up so that the church would reverence it (Homily 21 on 2 Corinthians, on 2 Corinthians 10:1).
The debated reading: the punishment of verse 6
John Wesley reads the punishment as spiritual censure and also miraculous punishment (Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, on 2 Corinthians 10:6). Albert Barnes also speaks of extraordinary miraculous punishments within Paul's power (Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments, on 2 Corinthians 10:9). Adam Clarke stresses the delay, Paul in no haste to pull up the tares lest he pull up the wheat also (Commentary on the Bible, on 2 Corinthians 10:6).
Keep studying
Studies7
Sources for this chapter
The summary
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.
The form and classifications
John Chrysostom, Homily 21 on 2 Corinthians, on 2 Corinthians 10:1; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, on 2 Corinthians 10:1 and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on 2 Corinthians, on 2 Corinthians 10:1.
The exposition
Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes; Charles Hodge, An Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians; Frederic Godet, Commentary on the Epistles to the Corinthians; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.