1 Samuelchapter 21
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Original Language
1 Samuel 21— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
The showbread and Goliath's sword at Nob1
1 Samuel 21:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּבֹ֤אvaiyavo'and he wentH935דָוִד֙davidDavidH1732נֹ֔בֶהnoehNob towardsH5011אֶל־ʾel-toH413אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְʾachimelekhAhimelechH288הַכֹּהֵ֑ןhakohenthe priestH3548וַיֶּחֱרַ֨דvaiyecheradand he trembledH2729אֲחִימֶ֜לֶךְʾachimelekhAhimelechH288לִקְרַ֣אתlikratto meetH7122דָּוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559לוֹ֙loto <the> himמַדּ֤וּעַmadua'why?H4069אַתָּה֙ʾatah[are] youH859לְבַדֶּ֔ךָlevadekhato alone youH905וְאִ֖ישׁveishand [is] anyoneH376אֵ֥יןʾeinthere notH369אִתָּֽךְ׃ʾitakhwith youH854
Targum Jonathan on I Samuel 21:1
And [David] arose and went. And Jonathan went into the city.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002
1 Samuel 21:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732לַאֲחִימֶ֣לֶךְlaachimelekhto AhimelechH288הַכֹּהֵ֗ןhakohenthe priestH3548הַמֶּלֶךְ֮hamelekhthe kingH4428צִוַּ֣נִיtzivanihe commanded meH6680דָבָר֒davara matterH1697וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵלַ֗יʾelaito meH413אִ֣ישׁʾishanyoneH376אַל־ʾal-may notH408יֵ֧דַעyeda'he knowH3045מְא֛וּמָהmeumahanythingH3972אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַדָּבָ֛רhadavarthe matterH1697אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834אָנֹכִ֥יʾanokhiIH595שֹׁלֵֽחֲךָ֖sholechakha[am] sending youH7971וַאֲשֶׁ֣רvaasherand whichH834צִוִּיתִ֑ךָtzivitikhaI have commanded youH6680וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853הַנְּעָרִ֣יםhanearimthe young menH5288יוֹדַ֔עְתִּיyoda'tiI have directedH3045אֶל־ʾel-toH413מְק֥וֹםmekoma place ofH4725פְּלֹנִ֖יpelonia certain oneH6423אַלְמוֹנִֽי׃ʾalmonia certain oneH492
1 Samuel 21:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 21:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּ֨עַןvaiyaanand he answeredH6030הַכֹּהֵ֤ןhakohenthe priestH3548אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732וַיֹּ֔אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵֽין־ʾein-there notH369לֶ֥חֶםlechem[is] bread ofH3899חֹ֖לcholprofanenessH2455אֶל־ʾel-toH413תַּ֣חַתtachatunderH8478יָדִ֑יyadihand myH3027כִּֽי־ki-thatH3588אִם־ʾim-exceptH518לֶ֤חֶםlechem[is] bread ofH3899קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙kodeshholinessH6944יֵ֔שׁyeshthereH3426אִם־ʾim-ifH518נִשְׁמְר֥וּnishmeruthey have kept themselvesH8104הַנְּעָרִ֖יםhanearimthe young menH5288אַ֥ךְʾakhonlyH389מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃ פmeishahfrom a womanH802
1 Samuel 21:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּעַן֩vaiyaanand he answeredH6030דָּוִ֨דdavidDavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַכֹּהֵ֜ןhakohenthe priestH3548וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559ל֗וֹloto <the> himכִּ֣יkithatH3588אִם־ʾim-exceptH518אִשָּׁ֤הʾishahwomanH802עֲצֻֽרָה־ʾatzurah-[is] withheldH6113לָ֙נוּ֙lanuto <the> usכִּתְמ֣וֹלkitmolas yesterdayH8543שִׁלְשֹׁ֔םshilshomthree days agoH8032בְּצֵאתִ֕יbetzetiwhen go out IH3318וַיִּהְי֥וּvaiyihyuand they wereH1961כְלֵֽי־khelei-[the] vessels ofH3627הַנְּעָרִ֖יםhanearimthe young menH5288קֹ֑דֶשׁkodeshholinessH6944וְהוּא֙vehu'and itH1931דֶּ֣רֶךְderekh[is] a journey ofH1870חֹ֔לcholprofanenessH2455וְאַ֕ףveafand indeed?H637כִּ֥יkiforH3588הַיּ֖וֹםhaiyomthis dayH3117יִקְדַּ֥שׁyikdashit is holyH6942בַּכֶּֽלִי׃bakeliin the vesselH3627
1 Samuel 21:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּתֶּן־vaiyiten-and he gaveH5414ל֥וֹloto <the> himהַכֹּהֵ֖ןhakohenthe priestH3548קֹ֑דֶשׁkodesha holy thingH6944כִּי֩kiforH3588לֹא־lo'-notH3808הָ֨יָהhayahit wasH1961שָׁ֜םshamthereH8033לֶ֗חֶםlechembreadH3899כִּֽי־ki-thatH3588אִם־ʾim-exceptH518לֶ֤חֶםlechem[the] bread ofH3899הַפָּנִים֙hapanimthe presenceH6440הַמּֽוּסָרִים֙hamusarimwhich had been removedH5493מִלִּפְנֵ֣יmilifneifrom to beforeH6440יְהוָ֔הyahwehYahwehH3068לָשׂוּם֙lasumto putH7760לֶ֣חֶםlechembread ofH3899חֹ֔םchomheatH2527בְּי֖וֹםbeyomon [the] dayH3117הִלָּקְחֽוֹ׃hilakechowas taken away itH3947
1 Samuel 21:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְשָׁ֡םveshamand thereH8033אִישׁ֩ʾisha manH376מֵעַבְדֵ֨יmeavdeione of [the] servants ofH5650שָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586בַּיּ֣וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַה֗וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931נֶעְצָר֙ne'tzar[was] detainedH6113לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440יְהוָ֔הyahwehYahwehH3068וּשְׁמ֖וֹushemoand name hisH8034דֹּאֵ֣גdoeg[was] DoegH1673הָאֲדֹמִ֑יhaadomithe EdomiteH130אַבִּ֥ירʾabir[the] mighty [one] ofH47הָרֹעִ֖יםharoimthe shepherdsH7462אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhoH834לְשָׁאֽוּל׃leshaul[belonged] to SaulH7586
1 Samuel 21:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732לַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְlaachimelekhto AhimelechH288וְאִ֛יןveinand where?H371יֶשׁ־yesh-thereH3426פֹּ֥הpohhereH6311תַֽחַת־tachat-underH8478יָדְךָ֖yadekhahand yourH3027חֲנִ֣יתchanit[is] a spearH2595אוֹ־ʾov-orH176חָ֑רֶבchareva swordH2719כִּ֣יkiforH3588גַם־gam-bothH1571חַרְבִּ֤יcharbisword myH2719וְגַם־vegam-<and> as well asH1571כֵּלַי֙kelaiweapons myH3627לֹֽא־lo'-notH3808לָקַ֣חְתִּיlakachtiI tookH3947בְיָדִ֔יveyadiin hand myH3027כִּֽי־ki-forH3588הָיָ֥הhayahit wasH1961דְבַר־devar-[the] matter ofH1697הַמֶּ֖לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428נָחֽוּץ׃ סnachutzurgentH5169
1 Samuel 21:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559הַכֹּהֵ֗ןhakohenthe priestH3548חֶרֶב֩cherev[the] sword ofH2719גָּלְיָ֨תgalyatGoliathH1555הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜יhapelishtithe PhilistineH6430אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whomH834הִכִּ֣יתָ׀hikitayou struck downH5221בְּעֵ֣מֶקbeemekin [the] valley ofH6010הָאֵלָ֗הhaelah<the> ElahH425הִנֵּה־hineh-here!H2009הִ֞יאhi'itH1931לוּטָ֣הlutah[is] wrappedH3874בַשִּׂמְלָה֮vasimlahin the cloakH8071אַחֲרֵ֣יʾachareibehindH310הָאֵפוֹד֒haefodthe ephodH646אִם־ʾim-ifH518אֹתָ֤הּʾotah<obj.> itH853תִּֽקַּח־tikach-you will takeH3947לְךָ֙lekhafor <the> yourselfקָ֔חkachtake [it]H3947כִּ֣יkiforH3588אֵ֥יןʾeinthere notH369אַחֶ֛רֶתʾacheret[is] anotherH312זוּלָתָ֖הּzulatahexcept itH2108בָּזֶ֑הbazehin this [place]H2088וַיֹּ֧אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732אֵ֥יןʾeinthere notH369כָּמ֖וֹהָkamoha[is] like itH3644תְּנֶ֥נָּהtenenahgive itH5414לִּֽי׃lito <the> me
Scrabbling on the gate of Gath, feigning madness10
1 Samuel 21:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֣קָםvaiyakomand he aroseH6965דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732וַיִּבְרַ֥חvaiyivrachand he fledH1272בַּיּוֹם־baiyom-on the dayH3117הַה֖וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931מִפְּנֵ֣יmipeneifrom beforeH6440שָׁא֑וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיָּבֹ֕אvaiyavo'and he wentH935אֶל־ʾel-toH413אָכִ֖ישׁʾakhishAchishH397מֶ֥לֶךְmelekh[the] king ofH4428גַּֽת׃gatGathH1661
1 Samuel 21:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּvaiyomeruand they saidH559עַבְדֵ֤יʾavdei[the] servants ofH5650אָכִישׁ֙ʾakhishAchishH397אֵלָ֔יוʾelavto himH413הֲלוֹא־halo'-¿ notH3808זֶ֥הzeh[is] thisH2088דָוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732מֶ֣לֶךְmelekh[the] king ofH4428הָאָ֑רֶץhaaretzthe landH776הֲל֣וֹאhalo'¿ notH3808לָזֶ֗הlazehof this [one]H2088יַעֲנ֤וּyaanudo people singH6030בַמְּחֹלוֹת֙vamecholotwith <the> dancesH4246לֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559הִכָּ֤הhikahhe has struck downH5221שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586בַּאֲלָפָ֔יוbaalafov<on> thousands hisH505וְדָוִ֖דvedavidand DavidH1732בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃berivotav<on> ten thousands hisH7233
1 Samuel 21:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֧שֶׂםvaiyasemand he putH7760דָּוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַדְּבָרִ֥יםhadevarimthe wordsH1697הָאֵ֖לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428בִּלְבָב֑וֹbilvavoin heart hisH3824וַיִּרָ֣אvaiyira'and he was afraidH3372מְאֹ֔דmeodexceedinglyH3966מִפְּנֵ֖יmipeneiof <the face of>H6440אָכִ֥ישׁʾakhishAchishH397מֶֽלֶךְ־melekh-[the] king ofH4428גַּֽת׃gatGathH1661
Rashi on I Samuel 21:12
Is this not Dovid, the king of the land. They said to Achish, "There was a stipulation between us: 'If he will be able to fight me and kill me, then we will become your slaves.' 10 Above:9.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 21:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְשַׁנּ֤וֹvayshanoand he changed itH8138אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853טַעְמוֹ֙ta'mosense hisH2940בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔םbeeineihemin view theirH5869וַיִּתְהֹלֵ֖לvaiyitholeland he pretended to be madH1984בְּיָדָ֑םbeyadamin hand theirH3027וַיְתָיו֙vaytavand he made marksH8427עַל־ʾal-onH5921דַּלְת֣וֹתdaltot[the] doors ofH1817הַשַּׁ֔עַרhashaarthe gateH8179וַיּ֥וֹרֶדvaiyoredand he made to flow downH3381רִיר֖וֹrirospittle hisH7388אֶל־ʾel-toH413זְקָנֽוֹ׃zekanobeard hisH2206
1 Samuel 21:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אָכִ֖ישׁʾakhishAchishH397אֶל־ʾel-toH413עֲבָדָ֑יוʾavadavservants hisH5650הִנֵּ֤הhinehthere!H2009תִרְאוּ֙tiruyou seeH7200אִ֣ישׁʾisha manH376מִשְׁתַּגֵּ֔עַmishtagea'behaving like a madmanH7696לָ֛מָּהlamah<to> why?H4100תָּבִ֥יאוּtaviudo you bringH935אֹת֖וֹʾoto<obj.> himH853אֵלָֽי׃ʾelaito meH413
1 Samuel 21:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
חֲסַ֤רchasarlacking ofH2638מְשֻׁגָּעִים֙meshugaimmadmenH7696אָ֔נִיʾani[am] I?H589כִּי־ki-thatH3588הֲבֵאתֶ֣םhavetemyou have broughtH935אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853זֶ֔הzehthis oneH2088לְהִשְׁתַּגֵּ֖עַlehishtagea'to behave like a madmanH7696עָלָ֑יʾalaion meH5921הֲזֶ֖הhazeh¿ this oneH2088יָב֥וֹאyavo'will he comeH935אֶל־ʾel-intoH413בֵּיתִֽי׃ סbeitihouse myH1004