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Psalms 45:1

in Psalms 45

My heart is stirred by a noble theme as I recite my verses to the king; my tongue is the pen of a skillful writer.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

My heart overfloweth with a goodly matter; I speak the things which I have made touching the king: My tongue is the pen of a ready writer.

KJV

My heart is inditing a good matter: I speak of the things which I have made touching the king: my tongue is the pen of a ready writer.

This verse in Psalms 45

Commentary

19 notes on this verse
The Son lives by the Father, because he is the Son begotten of the Father; by the Father, because he is of one substance with the Father; by the Father, because he is the Word given forth from the heart of the Father, because he came forth from the Father, because he is begotten of the "bowels of the Father," because the Father is the fountain and root of the Son's being.

This site's exposition

stirred by a noble theme

on Psalms 45:1-2

The pen of a skillful writer is the poet's own tongue. The king is addressed as the most handsome of men, with grace anointed on his lips and God's blessing on him forever. Delitzsch reads the order as set, speech and grace before the sword of verse 3.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

ON THE PSALMS, Psalm 45 · Written before 430.

proposed

"Mine heart hath uttered a good word" [Psalm 45:1]. Who is the speaker? The Father, or the Prophet? For some understand it to be the Person of the Father, which says, "Mine heart hath uttered a good word," intimating to us a certain unspeakable generation. Lest you should haply think something to have been taken unto Him, out of which God should beget the Son (just as man takes something to himself out of which he begets children, that is to say, an union of marriage, without which man cannot beget offspring), lest then you should think that God stood in need of any nuptial union, to beget "the Son," he says, "Mine heart hath uttered a good word." This very day thine heart, O man, begets a counsel, and requires no wife: by the counsel, so born of thine heart, thou buildest something or other, and before that building subsists, the design subsists; and that which thou art about to produce, exists already in that by which thou art going to produce it; and thou praisest the fabric that as yet is not existing, not yet in the visible form of a building, but on the projecting of a design: nor does any one else praise thy design, unless either thou showest it to him, or he sees what thou hast done. If then by the Word "all things were made," and the Word is of God, consider the fabric reared by the Word, and learn from that building to admire His counsels! What manner of Word is that by which heaven and earth were made; and all the splendour of the heavens; all the fertility of the earth; the expanse of the sea; the wide diffusion of air; the brightness of the constellations; the light of sun and moon? These are visible things: rise above these also; think of the Angels, "Principalities, Thrones, Dominions, and Powers." All were made by Him. How then were these good things made? Because there was "uttered forth 'a good Word,'" by which they were to be made...

A commentator

Eusebius of Caesarea

PROOF OF THE GOSPEL 4:15.180 · Written before 339.

proposed

It seems right for me to add what I am accustomed to quote in every question that is debated about his Godhead, that reverent saying: "Who shall declare his generation?" … For such expressions are connected with mental imagery alone and are accordingly subject to the laws of metaphor. And so the words "My heart has produced a good word" may be explained as referring to the constitution and coming into being of the primal Word, since it would not be right to suppose any heart, save one that we can understand to be spiritual, to exist in the case of the supreme God.

A commentator

Alexander of Alexandria

EPISTLES ON THE ARIAN HERESY 2:3 · Written before 328.

proposed

Who that hears these words of the Gospel, "the only-begotten Son;" and, "by Him were all things made," will not hate those who declare He is one of the things made? For how can He be one of the things made by Him? or how …

A commentator

John Chrysostom

COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 45:1 · Written before 407.

proposed

The inspired authors were not like the seers. In their case, after all, when the demon takes possession of their soul, it cripples their mind and clouds their reasoning, and so they utter everything without their mind understanding anything of what is said; rather, it is like a flute sounding without a musician to play a tune. This was said also by a philosopher of theirs in these words, "Just like the soothsayers and seers saying many things without knowing anything of what they say." The Holy Spirit, [by contrast], does not act like that; instead, he allows the heart to know what is said. I mean, if the psalmist did not know, how could he have said "good news"? The demon, you see, being enemy and foe, commits an assault on human nature; the Holy Spirit, by contrast, being caring and beneficent, renders those who receive him sharers in his purposes, and with them understanding him he reveals what he has to tell.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 45:2 · Written before 407.

proposed

The one who speaks from his own resources, you see, hesitates and thinks twice about the efforts he makes, handicapped in his composition by ignorance, error and uncertainty, and there are many things that undermine the speed of his utterance. When on the contrary it is the Spirit who moves the mind, there is no obstacle.
12 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church3 voices

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 11 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

The second mode of generation is by means of expression: as in the case of the species coming out of the object, the imprint out of the seal, the speech out of the speaker, or the concept or thought out of the mind. And in …

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Exposition on the Psalms of David · Written before 1274.

proposed

Above, the Psalmist proposed a prayer for the adversity of the kingdom and the king; here he sets forth, as it were, the glory of the king and the kingdom from the divine benefit. And first, he sets forth the divine benefit. Second, he invites …

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 12 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

The whole of Scripture is the heart of God, the mouth of God, the tongue of God, the pen of God, "a scroll written within and without." Hence, in the Psalm: "My heart overflows with a goodly theme; as I sing my ode to the …

The Reformation1 voice

A commentator

John Calvin

1509–1564

Commentaries (1554)

proposed

My heart is boiling over with a good matter: I shall speak of the works which I have made concerning the king: my tongue is as the pen of a swift writer. Thou art fairer than the sons of men: grace is poured into thy lips; because God hath blessed thee for ever. Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O mighty one! with glory and majesty.

quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — scripture-overlap:83%@v1-3

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

The excellency of the management. This song was a confession with the mouth of faith in the heart concerning Christ and his church. (1.) The matter was well digested, as it well deserved: My heart is inditing it, which perhaps is meant of that Spirit of prophecy that dictated the psalm to David, that Spirit of Christ which was in the prophets, 1 Pet. i.
My heart is inditing a good matter,....

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

(1.) He has grace, and he has it for us; Grace is poured into thy lips. By his word, his promise, his gospel, the good-will of God is made known to us and the good work of God is begun and carried on in us.

The Nineteenth Century5 voices

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)

My heart. There is no writing like that dictated by the heart. Heartless hymns are insults to heaven. Is inditing a good matter. A good heart will only be content with good thoughts. Where the fountain is good good streams will flow forth. The learned tell us that the word may be read overflows, or as others, boils or bubbles up, denoting the warmth of the writer's love, the fulness of his heart, and the consequent richness and glow of his utterance, as though it were the ebullition of his inmost soul, when most full of affection.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

An animated preface indicative of strong emotion. Literally, "My heart overflows: a good matter I speak; the things which I have made," &c. inditing--literally, "boiling up," as a fountain overflows. my tongue is the pen--a mere instrument of God's use. of a ready writer--that is, it is fluent.

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)

proposed

My heart. There is no writing like that dictated by the heart. Heartless hymns are insults to heaven. Is inditing a good matter. A good heart will only be content with good thoughts. Where the fountain is good good streams will flow forth. The learned tell us that the word may be read overflows, or as others, boils or bubbles up, denoting the warmth of the writer's love, the fulness of his heart, and the consequent richness and glow of his utterance, as though it were the ebullition of his inmost soul, when most full of affection. We have here no single cold expression; the writer is not one who frigidly studies the elegancies and proprieties of poetry, his stanzas are the natural outburst of his soul, comparable to the boiling jets of the geysers of Hecla. As the corn offered in sacrifice was parched in the pan, so is this tribute of love hot with sincere devotion. It is a sad thing when the heart is cold with a good matter, and worse when it is warm with a bad matter, but incomparably well when a warm heart and a good matter meet together. O that we may often offer to God an acceptable minchah, a sweet oblation fresh from the pan of hearts warmed with gratitude and admiration. I speak of the things which I have made touching the King. This song has "the King" for its only subject, and for the King's honour alone was it composed, well might its writer call it a good matter. The psalmist did not write carelessly; he calls his poem his works, or things which he had made. We are not to offer to the Lord that which costs us nothing. Good material deserves good workmanship. We should well digest in our heart's affections and our mind's meditations any discourse or poem in which we speak of one so great and glorious as our Royal Lord.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

My heart is inditing a good matter - רחש rachash, boileth or bubbleth up, as in the margin. It is a metaphor taken from a fountain that sends up its waters from the earth in this way. The Vulgate has eructavit, which is most literally translated by the old Psalter: Mi hert ryfted gude word. My heart belcheth - Anglo-Saxon. I speak of the things which I have made touching the king - אמר אני מעשי למלך, literally, “I dedicate my work unto the king.” Or, as the Psalter, I say my werkes til the kyng. This was the general custom of the Asiatic poets. They repeated their works before princes and honorable men; and especially those parts in which there was either a direct or constructive compliment to the great man. Virgil is reported to have a part of his Aeneid before Augustus, who was so pleased with it that he ordered ten sestertia to be given him for every line. And the famous Persian poet Ferdusi read a part of his Shah Nameh before Sultan Mahmoud, who promised him thirty thousand denars for the poem. My tongue is the pen of a ready writer - I shall compose and speak as fluently the Divine matter which is now in my heart, as the most expert scribe can write from my recitation. My tung of maister swiftly wrytand. “That es, my tung is pen of the Haly Gast; and nout but als his instrument, wham he ledis als he wil. For I speke noght bot that he settis on my tung; als the pen dos noght withouten the writer. Swyftly wrytand, for the vertu of goddes inspiracioun is noght for to thynk with mons study, that he schewes til other of the purete of heven; that es some for to com that he wrytes.” - Old Psalter.
My heart is inditing - That is, I am engaged in inditing a good matter; though implying at the same time that it was a work of the heart - a work in which the heart was engaged. It was not a mere production of the intellect; not a mere work of skill; not a mere display of the beauty of song, but a work in which the affections particularly were engaged, and which would express the feelings of the heart: the result or effusion of sincere love. The word rendered is “inditing” - רחשׁ râchash - is rendered in the margin, boileth or bubbleth up. It means properly to boil up or over, as a fountain; and the idea here is that his heart boiled over with emotions of love; it was full and overflowing; it found expression in the words of this song. The Hebrew word does not occur elsewhere in the Bible. A good matter - literally, a good word; that is, it was something which he was about to say which was good; something interesting, pure, important; not only a subject on which his heart was engaged, but also which was worthy of attention. I speak of the things which I have made - literally, “I say my works to the king.” That is, My work - that which I meditate and am about to compose - pertains to the king. Touching the king - He is to be the main subject of my song. Compare the notes at Isa 5:1. If the remarks made in the introduction to the psalm are correct, then the “king” here referred to was the future Messiah - the great personage to whom all the writers of the Old Testament looked forward, and whose glory they were so anxious to see and to describe. Compare the notes at 1Pe 1:10-12. My tongue is the pen of a ready writer - Let my tongue in speaking of him be as the pen of a rapid writer. That is, let my tongue rapidly and freely express my thoughts and feelings. […]

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

on shoshannim They founded this psalm in honor of the Torah scholars, who are as tender as roses and as beautiful as roses, and perform good deeds as fresh as roses.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Psalms 45:1:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 2 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

12 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • רָ֘חַ֤שׁit is aroused

    rachashH7370 →

  • לִבִּ֨י׀heart my

    libiH3820 →595 times

  • דָּ֘בָ֤רa word

    davarH1697 →1440 times

  • ט֗וֹבgood

    tovH2896 →538 times

  • אֹמֵ֣ר[am] speaking

    ʾomerH559 →5305 times

  • אָ֭נִיI

    ʾaniH589 →874 times

  • מַעֲשַׂ֣יwork<s> my

    maasaiH4639 →236 times

  • לְמֶ֑לֶךְto [the] king

    lemelekhH4428 →2525 times

  • לְ֝שׁוֹנִ֗יtongue my

    leshoniH3956 →117 times

  • עֵ֤ט׀[is] a stylus of

    ʾetH5842 →

  • סוֹפֵ֬רa scribe

    soferH5608 →159 times

  • מָהִֽיר׃skilled

    mahirH4106 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    2 Samuel 23:2

    The Spirit of the LORD spoke through me; His word was on my tongue.

    it leads to

    • 2 Peter 1:21

      For no such prophecy was ever brought forth by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.

    • Matthew 22:43

      Jesus said to them, “How then does David in the Spirit call Him ‘Lord’? For he says:

    • Acts 2:25–31

      David says about Him: ‘I saw the Lord always before me; because He is at my right hand, I will not be shaken.

    • Mark 12:36

      Speaking by the Holy Spirit, David himself declared: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand until I put Your enemies under Your feet.”’

  • Through

    Psalms 49:3

    My mouth will impart wisdom, and the meditation of my heart will bring understanding.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 19:14

      May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be pleasing in Your sight, O LORD, my Rock and my Redeemer.

    • Matthew 12:35

      The good man brings good things out of his good store of treasure, and the evil man brings evil things out of his evil store of treasure.

    • Proverbs 22:20–21

      Have I not written for you thirty sayings about counsel and knowledge,

  • Through

    Proverbs 16:23

    The heart of the wise man instructs his mouth and adds persuasiveness to his lips.

    it leads to

    • Proverbs 15:28

      The heart of the righteous ponders how to answer, but the mouth of the wicked blurts out evil.

Where this verse is studied

On this page

Studies2

About Psalms

The anointing of Solomon. Cornelis de Vos, 17th century. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
The anointing of Solomon. Cornelis de Vos, 17th century. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
This page draws on 18 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Alexander of Alexandria, EPISTLES ON THE ARIAN HERESY 2:3; Ambrose of Milan, Exposition of the Christian Faith 4.10.133; Augustine of Hippo, ON THE PSALMS, Psalm 45; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 11; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 12; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 2; Eusebius of Caesarea, PROOF OF THE GOSPEL 4:15.180; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Chrysostom, COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 45:1; John Chrysostom, COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 45:2; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Thomas Aquinas, Exposition on the Psalms of David.