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Psalms 45:2

in Psalms 45

You are the most handsome of men; grace has anointed your lips, since God has blessed you forever.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Thou art fairer than the children of men; Grace is poured into thy lips: Therefore God hath blessed thee for ever.

KJV

Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever.

This verse in Psalms 45

Commentary

23 notes on this verse

A commentator

Gregory of Nazianzus

ON THE SON, THEOLOGICAL ORATION 3(29).19 · Written before 390.

He had no form or comeliness in the eyes of the Jews, but to David he is fairer than the children of people. And on the mountain he was bright as the lightning and became more luminous than the sun, initiating us into the mystery of the future.

This site's exposition

stirred by a noble theme

on Psalms 45:1-2

The pen of a skillful writer is the poet's own tongue. The king is addressed as the most handsome of men, with grace anointed on his lips and God's blessing on him forever. Delitzsch reads the order as set, speech and grace before the sword of verse 3.

This site's exposition

the most handsome of men

Barnes found the Hebrew for most handsome unusual, a word doubled to mean very fair. Wesley held the praise true of Christ more than of Solomon, whom many men excelled in righteousness. Grace on the king's lips is the gift of speech.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers4 voices

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Exposition on Psalm 45 · Written before 430.

proposed

Lo! now then that Word, so uttered, Eternal, the Co-eternal Offspring of the Eternal, will come as "the Bridegroom;" "Fairer than the children of men" (ver. 2). "Than the children of men." I ask, why not than the Angels also? Why did he say, "than the children of men," except because He was Man? Lest you should think "the Man Christ" to be any ordinary man, he says, "Fairer than the children of men." Even though Himself "Man," He is "fairer than the children of men;" though among the children of men, "fairer than the children of men:" though of the children of men, "fairer than the children of men." "Grace is shed abroad on Thy lips." "The Law was given by Moses. Grace and Truth came by Jesus Christ." ...

A commentator

Origen of Alexandria

ON FIRST PRINCIPLES 4:1.5 · Written before 253.

proposed

Now a proof that "grace was poured on his lips" is the fact that although the time he spent in teaching was short, … the world has been filled with this teaching and with the religion that came through him. For there has arisen "in his days" "righteousness and an abundance of peace" lasting until the consummation.

A commentator

Diodorus of Tarsus

COMMENTARY ON PSALM 45 · Written before 390.

proposed

After mentioning the glory, here he mentions its effect, namely, that you were invested with such persuasion as even to attract disciples merely by your lips: the extraordinary degree of wisdom required no great number of words for persuading.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 45:2 · Written before 407.

proposed

How, then, does another inspired author say, "We saw him: he had no form or beauty; instead, his form was dishonorable, of no importance beside human beings." He is not speaking about deformity—God forbid—but about an object of scorn. You see, once having deigned to become human, he went through every demeaning experience, not choosing a queen for his mother, not placed in a bed of gold at the time of swaddling clothes but in a manger, not reared in an affluent home but in an artisan's humble dwelling. Again, when he picked disciples, he did not pick orators and philosophers and kings but fishermen and tax collectors. He shared this simple life, not owning a house, or clad in rich clothing or enjoying similar fare, but nourished at others' expense, insulted, scorned, driven out, pursued. Now, he did this to trample underfoot human conceit in fine style. So, since he did not fit himself out in any pomp or circumstance or attach to himself hangers on or bodyguards, but went about at times alone, like any ordinary person, thus that author said, "We saw him, and he had no form or beauty," whereas the psalmist says, "Comely to behold beyond all human beings," suggesting grace, wisdom, teaching, miracles. Then to underline the comeliness he says, "Grace streamed out on your lips."

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 1 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

"Grace is poured forth upon your lips; therefore God has blessed you forever." This word is directed to our Lord Jesus Christ, as is apparent in the Psalm from the preceding and subsequent text. For in the Psalm where these words are written, there is …
15 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church4 voices

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 3 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

To Him are referred all the eloquent sayings of Scriptural wisdom, as for instance those of Solomon and others. And yet the Jews understand as applying to Solomon what is said of Christ in the Psalm: "Fairer in beauty are you than the sons of …

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 11 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

The second mode of generation is by means of expression: as in the case of the species coming out of the object, the imprint out of the seal, the speech out of the speaker, or the concept or thought out of the mind. And in …

A commentator

Bernard of Clairvaux

Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 8 · Written before 1153.

proposed

For the favor of the kiss bears with it a twofold gift, the light of knowledge and the fervor of devotion. He is in truth the Spirit of wisdom and insight, who, like the bee carrying its burden of wax and honey, is fully equipped …

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Exposition on the Psalms of David · Written before 1274.

proposed

"Beautiful in form above the sons of men." With the prologue set forth according to one sense, or the divinity of Christ according to another sense, here is set forth the commendation of Christ according to his humanity. And because he said, "I speak my …

The Reformation1 voice

A commentator

John Calvin

1509–1564

Commentaries (1554)

proposed

Personal excellence is ascribed to the king, not that the beauty of the countenance, which of itself is not reckoned among the number of the virtues, ought to be very highly valued; but because a noble disposition of mind often shines forth in the very countenance of a man.

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

Fairer - Than all other men: which is most true of Christ; but not of Solomon; whom many have excelled, in holiness and righteousness, which is the chief part of the beauty celebrated in this psalm. Grace - God hath plentifully poured into thy mind and tongue the gift of speaking wisely, eloquently, and acceptably.

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

Fairer - Than all other men: which is most true of Christ; but not of Solomon; whom many have excelled, in holiness and righteousness, which is the chief part of the beauty celebrated in this psalm. Grace - God hath plentifully poured into thy mind and tongue the gift of speaking wisely, eloquently, and acceptably.
Thou art fairer than the children of men,....

The Nineteenth Century7 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

To rich personal attractions is added grace of the lips, captivating powers of speech. This is given, and becomes a source of power and proves a blessing. Christ is a prophet (Lu 4:22).

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)

proposed

Thou. As though the King himself had suddenly appeared before him, the psalmist lost in admiration of his person, turns from his preface to address his Lord. A loving heart has the power to realise its object. The eyes of a true heart see more than the eyes of the head. Moreover, Jesus reveals himself when we are pouring forth our affections towards him. It is usually the case that when we are ready Christ appears. If our heart is warm it is an index that the sun is shining, and when we enjoy his heat we shall soon behold his light. Thou art fairer than the children of men. In person, but especially in mind and character, the King of saints is peerless in beauty. The Hebrew word is doubled, "Beautiful, beautiful art thou." Jesus is so emphatically lovely that words must be doubled, strained, yea, exhausted before he can be described. Among the children of men many have through grace been lovely in character, yet they have each had a flaw; but in Jesus we behold every feature of a perfect character in harmonious proportion. He is lovely everywhere, and from every point of view, but never more so than when we view him in conjugal union with his church; then love gives a ravishing flush of glory to his loveliness. Grace is poured into thy lips. Beauty and eloquence make a man majestic when they are united; they both dwell in perfection in the all fair, all eloquent Lord Jesus. Grace of person and grace of speech reach their highest point in him. Grace has in the most copious manner been poured upon Christ, for it pleased the Father that in him should all fulness dwell, and now grace is in superabundance, poured forth from his lips to cheer and enrich his people.

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)

proposed

Thou. As though the King himself had suddenly appeared before him, the psalmist lost in admiration of his person, turns from his preface to address his Lord. A loving heart has the power to realise its object. The eyes of a true heart see more than the eyes of the head. Moreover, Jesus reveals himself when we are pouring forth our affections towards him. It is usually the case that when we are ready Christ appears.
WHAT a never-ending theme there is in the name and Person of our blessed Lord and Savior Jesus Christ! The poets of Scripture never mention His Person but they fall into rhapsodies at once! They never sing of His name, or of His glories, but at once they seem to be so enchanted by the spirit of poetry that they soar up with ecstasies of joy and their love scarcely knows how to find language to express itself. Love sometimes leaps over language among sensitive men— and so it does more palpably in Sacred Scripture. Take, for instance, the Canticles. There, love has strained language to the uttermost in order to embody its vehement passion. Yes, so strained it, that some of us, not so filled with love to God, can scarcely appreciate its glowing utterance. Here, too, you see, the Psalmist, with harp in hand, no sooner begins to meditate on the Person of the Messiah, than he cries, "My heart bubbles up with a good matter: I speak of the things which I have made touching the king: my tongue is the pen of a ready writer. You are fairer than the children of men: Grace is poured into Your lips." We shall have no time for a preface, but must proceed at once to the discussion of our text. Grace is poured into the lips of Christ. Let us consider, first, the plenitude of this Grace. Secondly, the nature of this Grace. And thirdly, endeavor to show you in what offices Jesus Christ proves that Grace is poured into His lips. I. We commence with the word, "POURED," as suggesting THE PLENITUDE OF GRACE. "Grace is poured into Your lips." Others among the children of men have had "Grace." Poets have spoken gracious words and Prophets of old have uttered wondrous sayings which were Divinely Inspired. So that it might be said that their doctrine "dropped" as the rain, and their speech "distilled" like the dew.
WHAT a never-ending theme there is in the name and Person of our blessed Lord and Savior Jesus Christ! The poets of Scripture never mention His Person but they fall into rhapsodies at once! They never sing of His name, or of His glories, but at once they seem to be so enchanted by the spirit of poetry that they soar up with ecstasies of joy and their love scarcely knows how to find language to express itself. Love sometimes leaps over language among sensitive men— and so it does more palpably in Sacred Scripture. Take, for instance, the Canticles.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

Thou art fairer than the children of men - By whom are these words spoken? As this is a regular epithalamium, we are to consider that the bride and bridegroom have compliments paid them by those called the friends of the bridegroom, and the companions or maids of the bride. But it seems that the whole Psalm, except the first verse, was spoken by those who are called in the title ידידת yedidoth, the beloved maids, or female companions, who begin with his perfections, and then describe hers. And afterwards there is a prophetical declaration concerning his issue. We may, therefore, consider that what is spoken here is spoken by companions of the bride, or what are called yedidoth in the title. It would be unauthenticated to say Solomon was the most beautiful man in the universe; but to the perfections of the Lord Jesus they may be safely applied. Grace is poured into thy lips - This probably refers to his speech, or the gracious words which he spoke. Solomon was renowned for wisdom, and especially the wisdom of his conversation. The queen of Sheba came from the uttermost parts of the land to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and so far did she find him exceeding all his fame, that she said one half had not been told her: but behold, a greater than Solomon is here. No man ever spoke like this man, his enemies themselves being judges. God hath blessed thee for ever - This, I am afraid, could in no sense be ever spoken of Solomon; but of the man Christ Jesus it is strictly true.
Thou art fairer than the children of men - That is, Thou art more fair and comely than men; thy comeliness is greater than that which is found among men. In other words, Thou art beautiful beyond any human standard or comparison. The language, indeed, would not necessarily imply that he was not a man, but it means that among all who dwell upon the earth there was none to be found that could be compared with him. The Hebrew word rendered “thou art fairer” - יפיפית yāpeyāpiytha - is a very unusual term. It is properly a reduplication of the word meaning “beautiful,” and thus means to be very beautiful. It would be well expressed by the phrase “Beautiful - beautiful - art thou above the children of men.” It is the language of surprise - of a sudden impression of beauty - beauty as it strikes at the first glance - such as the eye had never seen before. The impression here is that produced by the general appearance or aspect of him who is seen as king. Afterward the attention is more particularly directed to the “grace that is poured into his lips.” The language here would well express the emotions often felt by a young convert when he is first made to see the beauty of the character of the Lord Jesus as a Saviour: “Beautiful; beautiful, above all men.” Grace is poured into thy lips - The word here rendered “is poured” means properly to pour, to pour out as liquids - water, or melted metal: Gen 28:18; 2Ki 4:4. The meaning here is, that grace seemed to be spread over his lips; or that this was strikingly manifest on his lips. The word grace means properly favor; and then it is used in the general sense of benignity, kindness, mildness, gentleness, benevolence. […]

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

on shoshannim They founded this psalm in honor of the Torah scholars, who are as tender as roses and as beautiful as roses, and perform good deeds as fresh as roses.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Psalms 45:1:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 2 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

11 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • יָפְיָפִ֡יתָyou are handsome

    yafeyafitaH3302 →

  • מִבְּנֵ֬יmore than [the] sons of

    mibeneiH1121 →4930 times

  • אָדָ֗םhumankind

    ʾadamH120 →551 times

  • ה֣וּצַקit has been poured

    hutzakH3332 →

  • חֵ֭ןgrace

    chenH2580 →

  • בְּשְׂפְתוֹתֶ֑יךָon lips your

    besefetoteikhaH8193 →176 times

  • עַל־there-

    ʾal-H5921 →5755 times

  • כֵּ֤ן-fore

    kenH3651 →771 times

  • בֵּֽרַכְךָ֖he has blessed you

    berakhaH1288 →330 times

  • אֱלֹהִ֣יםGod

    ʾelohimH430 →2601 times

  • לְעוֹלָֽם׃for ever

    leolamH5769 →438 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 21:6

    For You grant him blessings forever; You cheer him with joy in Your presence.

    it leads to

    • Acts 2:28

      You have made known to me the paths of life; You will fill me with joy in Your presence.’

    • Psalms 45:7

      You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you above your companions with the oil of joy.

    • Psalms 16:11

      You have made known to me the path of life; You will fill me with joy in Your presence, with eternal pleasures at Your right hand.

  • Through

    Hebrews 7:26

    Such a high priest truly befits us—One who is holy, innocent, undefiled, set apart from sinners, and exalted above the heavens.

    it leads to

    • 2 Corinthians 5:21

      God made Him who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God.

    • 1 Peter 2:22

      “He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in His mouth.”

    • Hebrews 4:14–15

      Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to what we profess.

    • 1 John 2:2

      He Himself is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but also for the sins of the whole world.

  • Through

    Luke 4:22

    All spoke well of Him and marveled at the gracious words that came from His lips. “Isn’t this the son of Joseph?” they asked.

    it leads to

    • Matthew 13:54–56

      Coming to His hometown, He taught the people in their synagogue, and they were astonished. “Where did this man get such wisdom and miraculous powers?” they asked.

Where this verse is studied

On this page

Studies2

About Psalms

The anointing of Solomon. Cornelis de Vos, 17th century. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
The anointing of Solomon. Cornelis de Vos, 17th century. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
This page draws on 21 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 45; Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 8; Bonaventure, Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 1; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 3; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 11; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 2; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3081: “The Gracious Lips of Jesus” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Diodorus of Tarsus, COMMENTARY ON PSALM 45; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Gregory of Nazianzus, ON THE SON, THEOLOGICAL ORATION 3(29).19; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Chrysostom, COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 45:2; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Origen of Alexandria, ON FIRST PRINCIPLES 4:1.5 and Thomas Aquinas, Exposition on the Psalms of David.