Ezra 4:8
in Ezra 4Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote the letter against Jerusalem to King Artaxerxes as follows:
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort:
KJV
Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort:
⋯
This verse in Ezra 4
Commentary
4 notes on this verseRehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort. This means the same letter as before; which, according to Jarchi, was sent in the name of Mithredath Tabeel and his company, was endited by Rehum, master of words or sense, and written by Shimshai the scribe, whom he makes to be a son of Haman (i); but it was written rather in all their names. (i) So Midrash Esther, fol. 85. 3.
This site's exposition
wrote a letter against Jerusalem
on Ezra 4:8-10
Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem, and the roll of their companions in verse 9 names peoples from across the empire, Dinaites, Apharsathchites, Tarpelites and the rest. Verse 10 traces them to the great and noble Asnappar, generally identified with the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, who set them in the cities of Samaria, the same resettlement policy that 2 Kings 17:24 records under Sargon's line. The letter's signers descend from the very population that offered to help build the temple back in verse 2, opposition and offer rising from the same mixed community.
The record, by era
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
Rehum the chancellor - With this verse the Chaldee part of the chapter begins; and the same language continues to the end of Ezr 6:18. These men wrote to Darius in their own language; and the king in the same dialect returns an answer, chap. 5. This circumstance adds authenticity to what is written: so scrupulous was the inspired penman, that he not only gave the words which each spoke and wrote, but he gave them also in the very language in which they were conceived and in the character peculiar to that language.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
The chancellor - literally, “Lord of judgment;” the title, apparently, of the Persian governor of the Samaritan province. Every Persian governor was accompanied to his province by a “royal scribe” or “secretary,” who had a separate and independent authority.
The words behind it
13 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| רְח֣וּם | rechum | Rehum | H7348 → | 8 times |
| בְּעֵל־ | beel- | lord of | H1169 → | 3 times |
| טְעֵ֗ם | teem | command | H2942 → | 28 times |
| וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ | veshimshai | and Shimshai | H8124 → | 4 times |
| סָֽפְרָ֔א | safera' | scribe the | H5613 → | 8 times |
| כְּתַ֛בוּ | ketavu | they wrote | H3790 → | 8 times |
| אִגְּרָ֥ה | ʾigerah | a letter | H104 → | 3 times |
| חֲדָ֖ה | chadah | one | H2298 → | 14 times |
| עַל־ | ʾal- | concerning | H5922 → | 104 times |
| יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם | yerushelem | Jerusalem | H3390 → | 26 times |
| לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא | leartachshaste' | to Artaxerxes | H783 → | 15 times |
| מַלְכָּ֖א | malka' | king the | H4430 → | 180 times |
| כְּנֵֽמָא׃ | kenema' | as follows | H3660 → | 5 times |
רְח֣וּםRehum
rechumH7348 →8 times
בְּעֵל־lord of
beel-H1169 →3 times
טְעֵ֗םcommand
teemH2942 →28 times
וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙and Shimshai
veshimshaiH8124 →4 times
סָֽפְרָ֔אscribe the
safera'H5613 →8 times
כְּתַ֛בוּthey wrote
ketavuH3790 →8 times
אִגְּרָ֥הa letter
ʾigerahH104 →3 times
חֲדָ֖הone
chadahH2298 →14 times
עַל־concerning
ʾal-H5922 →104 times
יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑םJerusalem
yerushelemH3390 →26 times
לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּאto Artaxerxes
leartachshaste'H783 →15 times
מַלְכָּ֖אking the
malka'H4430 →180 times
כְּנֵֽמָא׃as follows
kenema'H3660 →5 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
2 Samuel 8:17Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was the scribe;
it leads to
- 1 Chronicles 18:16
Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was the scribe;
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- 1 Chronicles 6:8
Ahitub was the father of Zadok, Zadok was the father of Ahimaaz,
- 1 Chronicles 18:16
Through
Ezra 4:9From Rehum the commander, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their associates—the judges and officials over Tripolis, Persia, Erech and Babylon, the Elamites of Susa,
it leads to
- Ezra 6:6
Therefore Darius decreed: To Tattenai governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and your associates and officials in the region: You must stay away from that place!
- Ezra 5:6
This is the text of the letter that Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates, the officials in the region, sent to King Darius.
- 2 Kings 17:24
Then the king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath, and Sepharvaim and settled them in the towns of Samaria to replace the Israelites. They took possession of Samaria and lived in…
- 2 Kings 17:30–31
The men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, the men of Cuth made Nergal, the men of Hamath made Ashima,
- Esther 1:2
In those days King Xerxes sat on his royal throne in the citadel of Susa.
- Ezra 6:6
Through
2 Kings 18:18Then they called for the king; and Eliakim son of Hilkiah the palace administrator, Shebnah the scribe, and Joah son of Asaph the recorder, went out to them.
it leads to
- 2 Kings 19:2
And he sent Eliakim the palace administrator, Shebna the scribe, and the leading priests, all wearing sackcloth, to the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz
- 2 Kings 19:2
About Ezra

Who and where
1 name in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson Fausset and Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible and John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763).
