Ezekielchapter 13
23 verses · KJVEzekiel book hub →
Key verse
And mine hand shall be upon the prophets that see vanity, and that divine lies: they shall not be in the assembly of my people, neither shall they be written in the writing of the house of Israel, neither shall they enter into the land of Israel; and ye shall know that I am the Lord God.
It stands in scene A of the chapter, verses 1 to 9.
The chapter
Chapter summary
Against the prophets who prophesy out of their own heart and have seen nothing: they are like foxes in the waste places, and 'ye have not gone up into the breaches, neither built up the wall for the house of Israel.' Their word is untempered mortar smeared on a wall that will fall in an overflowing shower, great hailstones and a stormy wind. And men will ask where the daubing is. They say 'Peace,' and there is no peace. The chapter also indicts the women who sew bands upon the elbows and make kerchiefs for the head to hunt souls, profaning God among his people 'for handfuls of barley and for pieces of bread.'
Context
Prophecy · Ezekiel · Ezekiel overview
Where the chapter sits
Ezekiel 13 falls in Symbolic acts and judgment on Jerusalem (chapters 4–24). Lying on his side for 430 days; shaving the head with a sword; eating food in anxiety; the glory departs in stages (8–11); the prophet survives his wife's death without mourning (24).
Before it: Call and wheels-vision, chapters 1–3. After it: Oracles against the nations, chapters 25–32.
The whole shape of Ezekiel→The world behind this chapter
Ezekiel 13The history
Whitewash is a building term with teeth. Mud-brick walls were coated with lime plaster to seal and smarten them. A good plaster coat over shoddy brick and bad mortar looks perfect until the first heavy rain, and then the wall comes down all at once. Ezekiel says the prophets are the plasterers, and God is sending the rain, the hailstones and the wind.
The rest of the history, and what it meant to them
The other image is a wall breach and a hedge. When a wall was broken, someone had to go up into the gap and rebuild it. These prophets never did. They neither repaired the breach nor stood in it, the two things a watchman's colleagues were for.
The women in the second half are practising something more specific than bad preaching. They sew bands for people's wrists and make veils for heads of every size, and they hunt souls with them. Mesopotamian magic worked exactly this way: knotted cords, bindings and amulets used to bind or release a person, backed by incantations, and the ritual texts describing them fill tablets. The payment named, handfuls of barley and scraps of bread, tells you the clientele was poor and the trade was steady.
The charge against both groups is the same one: they say the LORD declares, and the LORD has not spoken. In Israel that was not a professional failing. It was a capital offence under the Law, because a nation that cannot tell a real word from a manufactured one cannot be led at all.
What it meant to them
The exiles were hearing two messages: Ezekiel's, which said the city would fall, and a popular one that said peace. This chapter tells them how to tell the difference, not by which is more comforting, but by whether the wall behind the plaster is sound.
It also names the harm done. These prophets disheartened the righteous, whom God had not disheartened, and strengthened the hands of the wicked so they would not turn from their way. False comfort is not neutral; it keeps people walking toward the cliff.
Sources cited
- John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
- C. F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel
A. Foolish prophets who follow their own spirit
1. (vv. 1-3)
a.And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying: The word turns from the people to their own prophets, the men who prophesy out of their own heart and follow their own spirit while claiming to speak for the Lord. Henry reads the charge as the sharpest kind of woe, foolishness dressed as revelation, because these men have seen nothing and yet report a vision. Gill notes that the accusation is not that they lied about small things but that they invented the source itself, speaking from their own spirit and calling it the Lord's.
Ezekiel 13:1, 2 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.
Ezekiel 13:1
“And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying. Giving orders to prophesy against the false prophets and prophetesses, which were either in the land of Israel, of whom the prophet had notice; or rather who were among the captives in Babylon, where Ezekiel now was.”
Ezekiel 13:1
“The identity of phrases and ideas of this chapter with Jer. 23 leads to the conclusion that Ezekiel took up a well-known prophecy to enforce and apply it to his companions in exile. They probably had read Jeremiah’s words as referring to others than themselves.”
Ezekiel 13:2, 1 voice
Ezekiel 13:2
“That prophesy out of their own hearts - Who are neither inspired nor sent by Me. They are prophets out of their own hearts. They have their mission from their own assumption, and proceed in it from their own presumption. Such either go of themselves, or are sent by man. Such prophets, ministers, preachers, and clergy have been a curse to the Church and to the world for some thousands of years.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:3, 2 voices
Ezekiel 13:3
“But the end which they proposed to themselves was to promise the people a speedy return, and so to will the favor of the multitude. For the captives were already almost broken-hearted by weariness: and seventy years was a long period.”
John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed
Ezekiel 13:3
“A refutation of those who set the inward word above the objective, and represent the Bible as flowing subjectively from the inner light of its writers, not from the revelation of the Holy Ghost from without. "They are impatient to get possession of the kernel without its fostering shell--they would have Christ without the Bible" [BENGEL].”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
2. (vv. 4-5)
a.like the foxes in the deserts: The image is domestic and unflattering rather than grand: foxes that dig and undermine rather than build, prophets who leave the nation's defenses weaker than they found them. The gap and the hedge picture a besieged city whose walls have been broken, and a watchman's duty is to stand in the breach and repair it, which these prophets never did. Clarke reads the figure as a rebuke aimed at cowardice as much as falsehood, men who would not risk themselves for the people they claimed to serve.
Ezekiel 13:4, 2 voices
Ezekiel 13:4
“The prophets of Israel are like foxes, committing thefts of domestic birds every day: those who live, according to Aquila and the Septuagint, in the deserts; according to Symmachus and Theodotion, in walls and ruins: who cannot advance opposite, nor oppose a wall for the house of Israel. We read that Aaron stood in the middle against the fire devouring the people of Israel, and opposed a wall for the salvation of the people. It is also said of Jeremiah, 'Do not confront the Lord, nor stand against His wrath with persevering prayer.'”
Jerome· written before 420· Commentary on Ezekielpatristic
Ezekiel 13:4
“Thy prophets are like the foxes in the deserts - The cunning of the fox in obtaining his prey has been long proverbial. These false prophets are represented as the foxes who, having got their prey by great subtlety, run to the desert to hide both themselves and it. So the false prophets, when the event did not answer to their prediction, got out of the way, that they might not be overwhelmed with the reproaches and indignation of the people.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:5, 3 voices
Ezekiel 13:5-6
“Whom does he mean by all those who have come before me? Those who say, "Thus says the Lord!" But the Lord has not sent them; they who have come on their own authority and have not been sent are the thieves and robbers.”
Jerome· written before 420· HOMILY 87 (ON JOHN 1:1-14)patristic
Ezekiel 13:5
“Ye have not gone up into the gaps,.... Or "breaches" (d); so the Targum. The allusion is to breaches made in the walls of a city when besieged; at which time those within gather together in great numbers to meet the enemy, and prevent his entrance by the breaches.”
Ezekiel 13:5
“For - Or, before. In a time of siege when there are gaps or breaches in the walls, it is the part of the leaders to go up to defend them, and to throw up works to stop the in-road of the enemy. Yahweh is now assailing His people as an enemy (compare Isa 63:10; Job 16:11-13), and where are those who claim to be prophets, leaders of the people?”
3. (vv. 6-7)
a.vanity and lying divination: The Lord repeats the charge in his own voice to remove any doubt: they say the Lord saith, and the Lord hath not sent them. Keil observes that the crime is compounded by the promise attached to the lie, they have made others hope that the word would be confirmed, so the deception cost the hearers something real when it failed. The direct question in verse 7 puts the prophets on the stand in their own hearing, forcing the confession the chapter already knows.
Ezekiel 13:6, 3 voices
Ezekiel 13:6
“And they have made others ... - Rather, “and they hope for the confirmation of their word.” They come to believe their own lies.”
Ezekiel 13:6
“They were still ready to say, "We will warrant you that these troubles will be at an end quickly, and we shall be in prosperity again." as if their warrants would confirm false prophecies, in defiance of God himself. He is directed to denounce the judgments of God against them for these sins, from which their pretending to the character of prophets would not exempt them.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 13:6
“When these pretenders are found to be deceivers atheists and infidels will thence infer, They are all so. The Lord has not sent them; for though crafty enough in other things like the foxes, and very wise for the world, yet they are foolish prophets and have no experimental acquaintance with the things of God.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 13:7, 1 voice
Ezekiel 13:7-8
“Under the guise of prophets, this speech is against heretics, who speak empty words and see falsehood, and they persist in establishing their own doctrine. May the Lord Himself come against them and rise up, and may He stretch out His hand against them to strike, and may He not hold back in sparing them. And He threatens that they will not be among the assembly of the people of the Lord in the future, nor in His Church, but in the synagogue of the devil, nor will they be written in the house of Israel.”
Jerome· written before 420· Commentary on Ezekielpatristic
4. (vv. 8-9)
a.behold, I am against you: The sentence is threefold and specific to their office: exclusion from the assembly of the people, no name written in the register of the house of Israel, no entry into the land. Fairbairn reads this as the precise reversal of what a false prophet promised, national security, since these men are cut off from the very nation they claimed to speak for. The recognition formula closes the sentence, ye shall know that I am the Lord God, the second of four landings in this chapter.
Ezekiel 13:9, 5 voices
Ezekiel 13:9
Because [Judas] was corrupted by the plague of covetousness and had his name struck out from that heavenly list, it is suitably said of him … "They shall not be in the counsel of my people, nor shall they enrolled in the house of Israel, neither shall they enter into the land of Israel."
John Cassian· written before 435· Conference 17:25patristic
Ezekiel 13:9
“Assembly - Here “the congregation of the people.” These false prophets were to be struck off from “the writing” or, the rolls, in which the names of all Israelites were registered (compare Psa 87:6; Exo 32:32); and therefore when the restoration Eze 11:17 shall take place these men shall not have part in it.”
Ezekiel 13:9
“Joh 1:47, and those not so. Literally fulfilled (Ezr 2:59, 62; compare Ne 7:5; Ps 69:28). neither . . . enter . . . land--They shall not so much as be allowed to come back at all to their country.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ezekiel 13:9
“They took no care to prevent the judgments of God that were breaking in upon the kingdom. They are like the foxes in the deserts, running to and fro, and seeming to be in a great hurry, but it was to get away and shift for their own safety, not to do any good: The hireling flees, and leaves the sheep.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 13:9
“We read of those who prophesied in Christ's name, and yet he will tell them that he never knew them ( Matt. vii. 22, 23 ), because they were not among those that were given to him. The Chaldee paraphrase reads it, They shall not be written in the writing of eternal life, which is written for the righteous of the house of Israel.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
B. Whitewash on a wall that is going to fall
1. (vv. 10-12)
a.daubed it with untempered morter: The parable shifts to construction: one man builds a wall and the prophets follow behind plastering it smooth with mortar that has not been tempered, whitewash over a structure that cannot bear weight. Henry ties the image to the false peace of verse 10, they seduced my people, saying, Peace, when there was no peace, papering over a coming collapse rather than warning of it. The rhetorical question of verse 12, where is the daubing, anticipates the wall's fall and the public exposure of the cover-up.
Ezekiel 13:10, 3 voices
Ezekiel 13:10
“How is the cause helped by the people who dance attendance on these people with itching ears who know neither how to hear nor how to speak? They confound old mire with new cement and, as Ezekiel says, daub a wall with untempered mortar; so that, when the truth comes in a shower, they are brought to nothing.”
Jerome· written before 420· LETTER 133.4patristic
Ezekiel 13:10
“One built up a wall - A true prophet is as a wall of defense to the people. These false prophets pretend to be a wall of defense; but their wall is bad, and their mortar is worse. One gives a lying vision, another pledges himself that it is true; and the people believe what they say, and trust not in God, nor turn from their sins. The city is about to be besieged; it needs stronger fortifications than what it possesses.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:10
“Peace - They told sinners, no harm would happen to them. And those are the most dangerous seducers, who suggest to sinners that which tends to lessen their dread of sin, or their fear of God.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:11, 1 voice
Ezekiel 13:11
“There shall be an overflowing shower - That shall wash off this bad mortar; sweep away the ground on which the wall stands, and level it with the earth. In the eastern countries, where the walls are built with unbaked bricks, desolations of this kind are often occasioned by tempestuous rains. Of this sort of materials were the walls of ancient cities made, and hence the reason why no vestige of them remains. Witness Babylon, which was thus built. See the note on Eze 4:1.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:12, 1 voice
Ezekiel 13:12
“Lo, when the wall is fallen,.... Jerusalem is taken: shall it not be said unto you; the false prophets, by the people who had been deceived by them: where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it? what is become of all your promises of peace, and assurance of safety and prosperity; your smooth words and plausible arguments; your specious pretences, and flattering prophecies? thus would they be insulted by those they had deceived, as well as laughed at by such who disregarded their predictions, and believed the prophets of the Lord.”
2. (vv. 13-14)
a.rend it with a stormy wind: The Lord answers the false plaster with real weather, an overflowing shower, great hailstones, a stormy wind, imagery that echoes the covenant curses of judgment by storm. Keil notes the deliberate escalation from the prophets' own wind and rain metaphors in verse 11 to the Lord's literal action in verse 13, the false word answered on its own terms. The wall comes down to its foundation and the third recognition formula of the chapter follows, ye shall know that I am the Lord.
Ezekiel 13:13, 1 voice
Ezekiel 13:13
“The staff in their hand is my indignation, Isa. x. Note, An angry God has winds and storms at command wherewith to alarm secure sinners; and his wrath makes them frightful and forcible indeed; for who can stand before him when he is angry?”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 13:14, 1 voice
Ezekiel 13:14
“The repetition of the same threat (see on Eze 13:11) is to awaken the people out of their dream of safety by the certainty of the event. foundation--As the "wall" represents the security of the nation, so the "foundation" is Jerusalem, on the fortifications of which they rested their confidence.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
3. (vv. 15-16)
a.The wall is no more, neither they that daubed it: The oracle closes its first half by naming the target plainly, the prophets of Israel which prophesy concerning Jerusalem and see visions of peace for her when there is no peace. Fairbairn reads the repetition of the phrase from verse 10 as deliberate, framing the whole indictment, and notes that the sin was not merely error but comfort offered where warning was owed. The wall and the daubing are gone together, the false structure and the false hope that propped it up.
Ezekiel 13:15, 1 voice
Ezekiel 13:15
“Thus, if the blind lead the blind, both the blind leaders and the blind followers will fall together into the ditch. Note, Those that deceive others will in the end prove to have deceived themselves; and no doom will be more fearful than that of unfaithful ministers, that flattered sinners in their sins.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
C. Women who hunt souls with pillows and veils
1. (vv. 17-19)
a.against the daughters of thy people: The second half turns to women who prophesy out of their own heart, practicing a form of divination bound up with sewn pillows and kerchiefs, objects the commentators generally read as charms used to bind and release, hunting souls for the price of handfuls of barley and pieces of bread. Gill reads the small payment named in verse 19 as its own accusation, souls traded cheaply, the righteous made sad and the wicked kept in false comfort for the price of bread. Wesley notes the chapter treats this trade as no less serious than the men's false visions, judged in the same courtroom.
Ezekiel 13:17, 2 voices
Ezekiel 13:17
“A rebuke to the false prophetesses, and a declaration that God will confound them, and deliver their victims from their snares. Women were sometimes inspired by the true God, as were Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, and Huldah; but an order of prophetesses was unknown among the people of God, and the existence of such a class in the last days of the kings of Judah was a fresh instance of declension into pagan usages. Eze 13:18-”
Ezekiel 13:17-23
“But it is observable that Israel was never imposed upon by pretenders to prophecy till after they had rejected and abused the true prophets; as, afterwards, they were never deluded by counterfeit messiahs till after they had refused the true Messiah and rejected him.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 13:18, 4 voices
Ezekiel 13:18
“That sew pillows to all arm holes - I believe this refers to those cushions which are so copiously provided in the eastern countries for the apartments of women; on which they sit, lean, rest their heads, and prop up their arms. I have several drawings of eastern ladies, who are represented on sofas; and often with their arm thrown over a pillow, which is thereby pressed close to their side, and against which they thus recline.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:18
“Stature - That is, of every age, whether younger or elder, which usually is seen by their stature. To hunt - All this is really spreading a net, as hunters do, to catch the prey. Will ye save - Can you preserve them alive, whom you deceive by your promises?”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:18
“If they would but be hearers of them, and contributors to them, they might be sure of salvation; thus they beguiled unstable souls that had a concern about salvation as their end but did not rightly understand the way, and therefore hearkened to those who were most confident in promising it to them.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 13:18
“Or perhaps the expressions are figurative: they did all they could to make people secure, which is signified by laying them easy, and to make people proud, which is signified by dressing them fine with handkerchiefs, perhaps laid or embroidered on their heads.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 13:19, 2 voices
Ezekiel 13:19
“It often happens that a Pastor is moved by hatred or favor toward any neighbor; but those who follow their own hatreds or favor in the cases of their subjects cannot judge worthily concerning their subjects. Whence it is rightly said through the prophet: They were putting to death souls that do not die, and giving life to souls that do not live. For he puts to death one who is not dying who condemns the just. And he strives to give life to one who will not live who attempts to absolve the guilty from punishment.”
Gregory the Dialogist· written before 604· Forty Gospel Homilies, Homily 26patristic
Ezekiel 13:19
“But they did it for poor gain; if they could get no more for it, rather than break they would sell you a false prophecy that should please you to a nicety for the beggar's dole, a piece of bread or a handful of barley; and yet that was more than it was worth.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
2. (vv. 20-21)
a.your pillows, wherewith ye there hunt: The Lord answers the hunting language with hunting language of his own, tearing the pillows from their arms and the kerchiefs from their heads, undoing the charm and freeing the souls that were taken. Henry reads the reversal as exact, the tools of the trade destroyed rather than merely forbidden, so the practice cannot simply resume with new materials. The fourth recognition formula of the chapter closes the sentence against the women as it closed the sentence against the men.
Ezekiel 13:20, 2 voices
Ezekiel 13:20
“The souls that ye hunt to make them fly - לפרחות lephorechoth, into the flower gardens, says Parkhurst. These false prophetesses decoyed men into these gardens, where probably some impure rites of worship were performed, as in that of אשרה Asherah or Venus. See Parkhurst under פרח.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:20
“I am against your pillows--that is, against your lying ceremonial tricks by which ye cheat the people. to make them fly--namely, into their snares, as fowlers disturb birds so as to be suddenly caught in the net spread for them.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ezekiel 13:21, 1 voice
Ezekiel 13:21
“Your kerchiefs also will one tear,.... From their heads; discover their tricks, and expose them to the contempt of the people, and destroy both them and their works: and deliver my people out of your hand; from being hunted, ensnared, and deceived by them: and they shall be no more in your land to be hunted; but should either flee into Egypt, and other countries, for shelter, or be carried captive into Babylon: and ye shall know that I am the Lord; see Eze 13:9.”
3. (vv. 22-23)
a.made the heart of the righteous sad: The chapter's closing verses state the double harm plainly: the righteous discouraged by lies the Lord never spoke, and the wicked confirmed in sin by a false promise of life. Clarke reads this as the clearest statement in the chapter of what false prophecy actually costs, not merely inaccurate prediction but the inversion of two lives, the good grieved and the bad emboldened. The chapter ends where it began, vanity and lying divination silenced, and the people delivered out of the prophets' hand.
Ezekiel 13:22, 2 voices
Ezekiel 13:22
“With lies ye have made the heart of the righteous sad - Here is the ministry of these false prophetesses, and its effects. They told lies: they would speak, and they had no truth to tell; and therefore spoke falsities. They “saddened the souls of the righteous, and strengthened the hands of the wicked.” They promised them life, and prevented them from repenting and turning from their sins.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:22
“Nor can any thing strengthen the hands of sinners more than to tell them that they may be saved in their sins without repentance, or that there may be repentance though they do not return from their wicked ways.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 13:23, 2 voices
Ezekiel 13:23
“Ye shall see no more vanity - They pretended visions; but they were empty of reality. Nor divine divinations - As God would not speak to them, they employed demons. Where God is not, because of the iniquity of the people, the devil is, to strengthen and support that iniquity. And if he cannot have his priests, he will have his priestesses; and these will have a Church like themselves, full of lying doctrines, and bad works.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 13:23
“God's people shall be delivered out of their hands. When they see themselves deluded by them into a false peace and a fool's paradise, and that though they would not leave their sin their sin has left them, and they see no more vanity nor divine divinations, they shall turn their back upon them, shall slight their predictions.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Ezekiel 13. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on 12 works. Open for the list.
This page draws on Adam Clarke; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel; Gregory the Dialogist, Forty Gospel Homilies, Homily 26; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); Jerome; John Calvin, Commentaries (1554); John Cassian, Conference 17:25; John Gill; John Wesley; Matthew Henry and Patrick Fairbairn, An Exposition of Ezekiel.
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