John 1:1–18 · The Prologue · Featured Study
The Word Made Flesh
Before a single event is narrated, John states his entire Gospel in eighteen verses. The Word is eternal, He is with God, He is God, and every created thing came to be through Him. Then the sentence that scandalized the ancient world and grounds the Christian faith: the Word became flesh, and tabernacled among us — the invisible God exegeted in a human life.
The Descent of the Word
— eternity to incarnation- 1With God, and GodJohn 1:1
“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” Eternal preexistence, personal distinction, and full deity in one verse.
- 2The agent of creationJohn 1:3
“All things were made through him; and without him was not anything made that hath been made.” Not a creature — the Maker.
- 3Life and lightJohn 1:4–5
“In him was life; and the life was the light of men.” The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it (katelaben — grasp and overcome both).
- 4The witnessJohn 1:6–8
There came a man sent from God, John — not the light, but to bear witness of the light, that all might believe.
- 5Rejected and receivedJohn 1:11–12
“He came unto his own, and they that were his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he the right to become children of God.” The right is exousian — a granted authority.
- 6Tabernacled among usJohn 1:14
“The Word became flesh, and dwelt (eskānōsen — ‘tabernacled’) among us, and we beheld his glory” — the Shekinah of Sinai now in a body.
- 7The exegete of GodJohn 1:18
“No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son... he hath declared him.” The verb is exēgēsato — the Son ‘exegetes’ the unseen Father.
"And the Word Was God"
— 1:1c — the grammar of deityThe final clause — kai theos ēn ho logos — places theos (“God”) first, without the article. This is not “a god” (the Watchtower reading) but a qualitative statement: the Word possessed the full nature of deity, while remaining a distinct person from the Father (“with God”). Colwell's rule and the flow of the sentence both carry it: the Word is God, and the Word is with God — the seed of the Trinity in one line.
The book will close where it opened: Thomas falls before the risen Christ — “My Lord and my God” (20:28) — the deity-confession inclusio that frames the whole Gospel.
Textual note (1:18): the ASV reads “only begotten Son,” but the earliest manuscripts (P66, P75, ℵ, B) read monogenēs theos — “only-begotten God” (NA28; Metzger). Either way the verse tightens an inner deity frame (1:1 ↔ 1:18) inside the outer one (1:1 ↔ 20:28).