Job 39:21
in Job 39He paws in the valley and rejoices in his strength; he charges into battle.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: He goeth out to meet the armed men.
KJV
He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on to meet the armed men.
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This verse in Job 39
Commentary
9 notes on this verseHe diggeth up the earth with his hoof. He exulteth boldly, he goeth on to meet the armed men. 53. By the 'hoof of the horse,' the strength of labour is usually understood. What then is designated by the 'hoof,' except the perfection of virtues in a holy preacher? And with this hoof he, in truth, digs up the earth, when, by the example of his own works, he ejects worldly thoughts from the heart of his hearers.
This site's exposition
Do you give strength to the horse
on Job 39:19-25
The war horse is the one creature in this list that serves man. Where the King James reads thunder, Delitzsch takes the Hebrew of the quivering mane. Henry draws the point that the courage men prize in battle is lent by the God whose rule Job has questioned.
This site's exposition
He paws in the valley
The Hebrew for paws is yachperu, they dig, as Clarke notes. Henry sets this horse against the donkey of verse 7, one spending strength in the service of man and the other in scorn of him.
The record, by era
The Medieval Church2 voices
The sign of this appears immediately in him, which the text describes next, "he paws the ground with his hoof," to prepare himself to fight. He rejoices interiorly to perceive the coming battle, and so he says, "he exults," because he senses the opportunity to …
A commentator
Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XXXI · Written before 604.
proposed
He diggeth up the earth with his hoof. He exulteth boldly, he goeth on to meet the armed men. [MORAL INTERPRETATION] 77. For to dig the earth with the hoof, is to tame the flesh by strict abstinence. But the more the flesh is kept down, the more fearlessly does the mind rejoice, from the hope of heaven. And hence, when the earth has been dug out, it is fitly subjoined; He exulteth boldly. For since he firmly represses that which contends against him, he exults boldly at those things, which he longs for in everlasting peace; and his mind is the better disposed to seek for heavenly objects, the more strictly the body is restrained from unlawful pursuits. Whence it is rightly said by Solomon, Diligently cultivate thy field, that thou mayest afterwards build thine house. [Prov. 24, 27] For he rightly builds the house of his mind, who first cleanses the field of his body from the thorns of vices; that the whole fabric of virtues may not be destroyed within, as the famine of good works increases, if the thorns of desires make head in the field of the flesh. But any one, who is engaged in the very height of the battle, discerns more skilfully the fraud of the enemies, the more strictly also he keeps under his own body, as though it were a confederate of the foe. Whence also after the bruising of the body, after the joy of the heart, it is rightly subjoined; He goeth on to meet the armed men. 78. Armed enemies are unclean spirits, girded with countless frauds against us. For, when they cannot persuade us to what is wrong, they present it to our sight under the guise of virtues, and cover themselves, as it were, under certain arms, that they may not appear before us in their own naked wickedness. And we proceed to meet these armed men, when we foresee their stratagems afar off. […]
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
): He paws in the valley, scarcely knowing what ground he stands upon. He is proud of his strength, and he has much more reason to be so as using his strength in the service of man, and under his direction, than the wild ass that uses it in contempt of man, and in a revolt from him
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
He paweth in the valley,....
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
He paweth in the valley - Margin, “or, His feet dig.” The marginal reading is more in accordance with the Hebrew. The reference is to the well known fact of the “pawing” of the horse with his feet, as if he would dig up the ground. The same idea occurs in Virgil, as quoted above: caavatque Tellurem, et solido graviter solar ungula cornu. Also in Apollonius, L. iii. “Argonauticon:” Ὡς δ ̓ ἀρήΐος ἵππος, ἐελδόμενος πολεμοίο, Σκαρθμῷ ἐπιχρεμέθων κρούει πέδον.
1 more voice on this verse
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
He paweth in the valley - יחפרו yachperu, “they dig in the valley,” i.e., in his violent galloping, in every pitch of his body, he scoops up sods out of the earth. Virgil has seized this idea also, in his cavat tellurem; “he scoops out the ground.” See before.
The words behind it
7 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| יַחְפְּר֣וּ | yachperu | they paw | H2658 → | 22 times |
| בָ֭עֵמֶק | vaemek | in the valley | H6010 → | |
| וְיָשִׂ֣ישׂ | veyasis | so it may rejoices | H7797 → | |
| בְּכֹ֑חַ | bekhoach | in strength | H3581 → | 126 times |
| יֵ֝צֵ֗א | yetze' | it goes forth | H3318 → | 1067 times |
| לִקְרַאת־ | likrat- | to meet | H7122 → | |
| נָֽשֶׁק׃ | nashek | weaponry | H5402 → |
יַחְפְּר֣וּthey paw
yachperuH2658 →22 times
בָ֭עֵמֶקin the valley
vaemekH6010 →
וְיָשִׂ֣ישׂso it may rejoices
veyasisH7797 →
בְּכֹ֑חַin strength
bekhoachH3581 →126 times
יֵ֝צֵ֗אit goes forth
yetze'H3318 →1067 times
לִקְרַאת־to meet
likrat-H7122 →
נָֽשֶׁק׃weaponry
nashekH5402 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Jeremiah 9:23This is what the LORD says: “Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor the strong man in his strength, nor the wealthy man in his riches.
it leads to
- 1 Corinthians 1:27–29
But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong.
- Isaiah 5:21
Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes and clever in their own sight.
- Ecclesiastes 9:11
I saw something else under the sun: The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong; neither is the bread to the wise, nor the wealth to the intelligent, nor…
- Romans 1:22
Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools,
- 1 Corinthians 3:18–20
Let no one deceive himself. If any of you thinks he is wise in this age, he should become a fool, so that he may become wise.
- 1 Corinthians 1:27–29
Through
Proverbs 21:31A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but victory is of the LORD.
it leads to
- Psalms 20:7
Some trust in chariots and others in horses, but we trust in the name of the LORD our God.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Isaiah 31:1
Woe to those who go down to Egypt for help, who rely on horses, who trust in their abundance of chariots and in their multitude of horsemen. They do not look to the Holy…
- Psalms 33:17–18
A horse is a vain hope for salvation; even its great strength cannot save.
- Psalms 20:7
About Job

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Book of Job; Gregory the Dialogist, Morals on the Book of Job, Book XXXI; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Job.
