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Ezekiel 1:14

in Ezekiel 1

The creatures were darting back and forth as quickly as flashes of lightning.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

And the living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a flash of lightning.

KJV

And the living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a flash of lightning.

This verse in Ezekiel 1

Commentary

7 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

The living creatures ran and returned - They had a circular movement; they were in rapid motion, but did not increase their distance from the spectator. So I think this should be understood.

This site's exposition

burning coals of fire

on Ezekiel 1:13-14

The creatures' appearance flares like burning coals and lamps, a fire moving up and down among them with lightning breaking out of it, imagery drawn from nothing in ordinary experience and admitted as such by the prophet's own repeated words appearance and likeness. Their motion matches the fire, running and returning as fast as a flash of lightning, never resting in one place. Fairbairn reads the restless brightness as the same energy that will later drive the wheels, one life expressing itself in both the creatures and the mechanism beneath them.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers2 voices

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ezekiel · Written before 420.

proposed

But the burning coals and the lamps running among the animals are interpreted from that place of Isaiah: And the fire shall eat the flesh as the grass, and I will sanctify them in the burning fire (Isaiah 5:24). And it is written elsewhere: Burning coals shall fall upon them (Psalm 140:11). And against deceitful lips, it is said in another psalm: 'What shall be given to you, or what shall be added to you, to a deceitful tongue? Sharp arrows of the powerful, with coals of desolation.' (Psalm 119:3-4).

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ezekiel · Written before 420.

proposed

(Vers. 13, 14.) And the likeness of the creatures, and their appearance was like burning coals of fire, and like the appearance of torches. This was the vision running among the creatures, a gleam of fire, and lightning coming forth from the fire. And the creatures went and returned like the flashing of lightning. LXX: And in the midst of the creatures a vision like burning coals of fire, like the appearance of torches running among the creatures; and a gleam of fire, and lightning came forth from the fire.

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Gregory the Dialogist

Homilies on Ezekiel, Book 1, Homily 5 · Written before 604.

proposed

There follows: And the living creatures went and returned in the likeness of flashing lightning. Since it was said above, "They did not turn back when they walked," for what reason is it now said, "The living creatures went and returned"? These statements seem very much contrary to each other, because they went and did not return, and they went and returned. But we recognize more quickly how this should be understood if we carefully distinguish the two lives, namely the active and the contemplative. For we can remain fixed in the one, but we are by no means able to hold the mind attentive in the other. For when we leave behind our sluggishness and rouse ourselves to the pursuit of good work, where else do we go but to the active life? From which we should by no means turn back afterward, because whoever returns after it to the sluggishness of negligence, to the wickednesses of depravity which he had left behind, undoubtedly does not know how to be a heavenly creature. But when we rise from the active life to the contemplative, because the mind cannot long stand in contemplation, but sees everything that it perceives of eternity through a mirror and in an enigma, as if furtively and in passing, the soul, repelled by its own weakness from the immensity of such great loftiness, slips back into itself. And it is necessary that it return to the active life and exercise itself continually in the practice of good work, so that when the mind cannot rise to contemplate heavenly things, it may not refuse to do whatever good things it can. And so it happens that, aided by its own good actions, it rises again to contemplation toward higher things and receives the nourishment of love from the pasture of contemplated truth. […]

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

And the living creatures ran,....

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

They ran into the lower world, to do what was to be done there; but, when they had done it, they returned like flash of lightning to the upper world again, to the beatific vision of their God, which they could not with any patience be longer from than their service did require.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

would run and return, like the appearance of the sparks Our Sages explained (Chag. 13b): They would run and return like the flame of a furnace, which constantly shoots out of the mouth of the furnace and hastens back to enter.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Ezekiel 1:14:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
it was going among the living beings That appearance (מַרְאָה) was going among all the living beings.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Ezekiel 1:13:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

5 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וְהַחַיּ֖וֹתand the living creatures

    vehachaiyotH2416498 times

  • רָצ֣וֹאthey were running

    ratzo'H7519

  • וָשׁ֑וֹבand they were returning

    vashovH77251056 times

  • כְּמַרְאֵ֖הlike [the] appearance of

    kemarehH4758103 times

  • הַבָּזָֽק׃<the> lightning

    habazakH965

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Zechariah 4:10

    For who has despised the day of small things? But these seven eyes of the LORD, which scan the whole earth, will rejoice when they see the plumb line in the hand of Zerubbabel.”

    it leads to

    • Job 8:7

      Though your beginnings were modest, your latter days will flourish.

    • 1 Corinthians 1:28–29

      He chose the lowly and despised things of the world, and the things that are not, to nullify the things that are,

    • Matthew 13:31–33

      He put before them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed that a man planted in his field.

    • 2 Chronicles 16:9

      For the eyes of the LORD roam to and fro over all the earth, to show Himself strong on behalf of those whose hearts are fully devoted to Him. You have acted foolishly in…

    • Haggai 2:3

      ‘Who is left among you who saw this house in its former glory? How does it look to you now? Does it not appear to you like nothing in comparison?’

  • Through

    Luke 17:24

    For just as the lightning flashes and lights up the sky from one end to the other, so will be the Son of Man in His day.

    it leads to

    • Matthew 24:27

      For just as the lightning comes from the east and flashes as far as the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man.

  • Through

    Matthew 24:27

    For just as the lightning comes from the east and flashes as far as the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man.

    it leads to

    • Zechariah 9:14

      Then the LORD will appear over them, and His arrow will go forth like lightning. The Lord GOD will sound the ram’s horn and advance in the whirlwinds of the south.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

  • Through

    Psalms 147:15

    He sends forth His command to the earth; His word runs swiftly.

    it leads to

    • Job 37:12

      They swirl about, whirling at His direction, accomplishing all that He commands over the face of all the earth.

Where this verse is studied

About Ezekiel

The Prophet Ezekiel — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The Prophet Ezekiel — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel; Gregory the Dialogist, Homilies on Ezekiel, Book 1, Homily 5; Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Patrick Fairbairn, An Exposition of Ezekiel.