Skip to content
mannafest.faith

1 Samuel 21:5

in 1 Samuel 21

David answered, “Women have indeed been kept from us, as is usual when I set out. And the equipment of the young men is holy, as it is even on common missions, and all the more at this time.”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days; when I came out, the vessels of the young men were holy, though it was but a common journey; how much more then to-day shall their vessels be holy?

KJV

And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel.

This verse in 1 Samuel 21

Commentary

8 notes on this verse

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On Isaac and the Soul, 6.56 · Written before 397.

Even if they accuse, yet Christ excuses, and he makes the souls that he wishes, that follow him, similar to David, who ate the loaves of proposition outside of the law—for even then he foresaw in his mind the prophetic mysteries of a new grace.

This site's exposition

Women have indeed been kept from us

on 1 Samuel 21:5-6

David answers that his men have been kept from women and that "the equipment of the young men is holy," and the priest gives him "the Bread of the Presence" just replaced with hot bread. This bread was lawful only for the priests under Leviticus 24:9. Jesus cites this episode at Matthew 12:3 to 4, arguing from David’s case that mercy outweighs the ceremonial law in real need.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Tertullian

AGAINST MARCION 4.12 · Written before 220.

proposed

When the disciples had been hungry on the sabbath and had plucked some ears [of grain] and rubbed them in their hands, they violated the holy day by so preparing their food. Yet Christ excuses them and even became their accomplice in breaking the sabbath. … For from the Creator's Scripture and from the purpose of Christ there is derived a vivid precedent from David's example when he went into the temple on the sabbath and provided food by boldly breaking up the show bread. Even he remembered that this privilege (the dispensation from fasting) was allowed on the sabbath from the very beginning, from when the sabbath itself was instituted. For although the Creator had forbidden that the manna should be gathered for two days, he permitted it on only one occasion—the day before the sabbath—so that the previous day's provision of food might free them from fasting on the following sabbath. Therefore the Lord had good reason for pursuing the same principle in the "annulling" of the sabbath (since that is the word which people will use). He had good reason, too, for expressing the Creator's will, when he bestowed the privilege of not fasting on the sabbath. In short, might he have—right then and there—put an end not only to the sabbath but to the Creator himself if he had commanded his disciples to fast on the sabbath, as this would have been contrary to the intention of the Scripture and of the Creator's will. But is he alien from the Creator because he did not directly defend his disciples but excuses them? Or because he interposes human need, as if deprecating censure? Or because he maintains the honor of the sabbath as a day which is to be free from gloom rather than from work? Or because he puts David and his companions on a level with his own disciples in their fault and their validation? Or because he is pleased to endorse the Creator's indulgence? […]

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Samuel · Written before 735.

proposed

And David answered the priest, and said to him: Indeed, if it concerns women, etc. He answered those sending forth the apostles to teach the nations: What God has purified, do not call common (Acts X). For the Church restrained itself with my present help …

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

Vessels - That is, Either, 1. Their garments, or other utensils for their journey. The bread - Hebrew. and this bread; is in a manner common: that is, considering the time, and our necessity, this maybe used in a manner, like common bread.
And David answered the priest, and said unto him,....

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

It is eaten by the priests, and may also, in our circumstances, be eaten by us. yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel--that is, though the hallowed bread had been but newly placed on the vessel, the ritual ordinance would have to yield to the great law of necessity and mercy (see on Mt 12:3; also see Mr 2:25;

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens

1 more voice on this verse

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

The vessels of the young men ... - i. e., their clothes Deu 22:5 or wallets (marginal reference), or other articles which might be Levitically unclean and need cleansing (Lev 13:58; Exo 19:10, etc.; Mar 7:4), as well as the person. And the bread ... - The meaning is; “Though it is treating it like common bread to give it to me and my young men, there is fresh showbread baked and put on the table in place of what you give us;” the day being Friday. as is indicated in the verse following.

The words behind it

26 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיַּעַן֩and he answered

    vaiyaanH6030 →331 times

  • דָּוִ֨דDavid

    davidH1732 →999 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • הַכֹּהֵ֜ןthe priest

    hakohenH3548 →750 times

  • וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he said

    vaiyomerH559 →5305 times

  • ל֗וֹto <the> him

    lo

  • כִּ֣יthat

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • אִם־except

    ʾim-H518 →1069 times

  • אִשָּׁ֤הwoman

    ʾishahH802 →781 times

  • עֲצֻֽרָה־[is] withheld

    ʾatzurah-H6113 →47 times

  • לָ֙נוּ֙to <the> us

    lanu

  • כִּתְמ֣וֹלas yesterday

    kitmolH8543 →

  • שִׁלְשֹׁ֔םthree days ago

    shilshomH8032 →24 times

  • בְּצֵאתִ֕יwhen go out I

    betzetiH3318 →1067 times

  • וַיִּהְי֥וּand they were

    vaiyihyuH1961 →3559 times

  • כְלֵֽי־[the] vessels of

    khelei-H3627 →325 times

  • הַנְּעָרִ֖יםthe young men

    hanearimH5288 →239 times

  • קֹ֑דֶשׁholiness

    kodeshH6944 →469 times

  • וְהוּא֙and it

    vehu'H1931 →1879 times

  • דֶּ֣רֶךְ[is] a journey of

    derekhH1870 →707 times

  • חֹ֔לprofaneness

    cholH2455 →

  • וְאַ֕ףand indeed?

    veafH637 →134 times

  • כִּ֥יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • הַיּ֖וֹםthis day

    haiyomH3117 →2304 times

  • יִקְדַּ֥שׁit is holy

    yikdashH6942 →171 times

  • בַּכֶּֽלִי׃in the vessel

    bakeliH3627 →325 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Acts 9:15

    “Go!” said the Lord. “This man is My chosen instrument to carry My name before the Gentiles and their kings, and before the people of Israel.

    it leads to

    • Galatians 1:15–16

      But when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by His grace, was pleased

    • Ephesians 3:7–8

      I became a servant of this gospel by the gift of God’s grace, given me through the working of His power.

    • Romans 11:13

      I am speaking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch as I am the apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry

    • 2 Timothy 4:16–17

      At my first defense, no one stood with me, but everyone deserted me. May it not be charged against them.

    • Acts 26:17–20

      I will rescue you from your own people and from the Gentiles. I am sending you to them

  • Through

    Leviticus 24:9

    It belongs to Aaron and his sons, who are to eat it in a holy place; for it is to him a most holy part of the offerings made by fire to the LORD—his…

    it leads to

    • Leviticus 8:31

      And Moses said to Aaron and his sons, “Boil the meat at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and eat it there with the bread that is in the basket of ordination offerings,…

    • Luke 6:4

      He entered the house of God, took the consecrated bread and gave it to his companions, and ate what is lawful only for the priests to eat.”

    • Mark 2:26

      During the high priesthood of Abiathar, he entered the house of God and ate the consecrated bread, which was lawful only for the priests. And he gave some to his companions as well.”

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Samuel

Anointing of David by Samuel, Félix-Joseph Barrias, 1842, Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris. Public domain.
Anointing of David by Samuel, Félix-Joseph Barrias, 1842, Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris. Public domain.
This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Ambrose of Milan, On Isaac and the Soul, 6.56; Bede, Commentary on Samuel; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Tertullian, AGAINST MARCION 4.12.