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1 Kings 4:23

in 1 Kings 4

ten fat oxen, twenty range oxen, and a hundred sheep, as well as deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened poultry.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and a hundred sheep, besides harts, and gazelles, and roebucks, and fatted fowl.

KJV

Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl.

This verse in 1 Kings 4

Commentary

7 notes on this verse
Harts ... - The exact sorts of wild land animals here intended are very uncertain. Perhaps it would be best to translate “wild-goats, gazelles, and wild oxen,” which abounded in the wilder parts of Syria, from where Solomon would be supplied. (See 1Ki 4:24.) (Yahmur, or the “roebuck,” gives its name to a valley in a wooded district, south of Carmel (Conder).) The use of game at the royal banquets of Assyria appears in the sculptures.

This site's exposition

from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines

on 1 Kings 4:21-24

Solomon reigns “from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt”, the span promised at Genesis 15:18. The daily provision of “thirty cors of fine flour, sixty cors of meal” feeds a court served by kingdoms that “offered tribute and served Solomon”.

This site's exposition

deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened poultry

The ten fat oxen were stall-fed and the twenty range oxen came from pasture, as Adam Clarke sets out the list. Albert Barnes calls the wild animals uncertain and suggests wild goats, gazelles and wild oxen from the wilder parts of Syria. Assyrian sculptures show game at royal feasts.

The record, by era

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

Ten fat oxen,....

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

Herein he far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life. It added much both to the strength and glory of Solomon's kingdom that he had such abundance of horses, 40,000 for chariots and 12,000 for his troops, 1000 horse, perhaps, in every tribe, for the preserving of the public peace,

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

We will read a few verses first, and at the close of them you will find the text. The last words are the text for this occasion. From the whole passage you will see that the kingdom of Israel under the sway of Solomon was a fair type of the reign of our Lord Jesus Christ. Perhaps it most exactly describes His future dominion, in the long-expected Glory of the latter days. The present state of the Church may be compared to the reign of David, splendid with victories, but disturbed with battles. But there are better days to come, days in which the kingdom shall be extended and become more manifest—and then the Lord Jesus Christ shall be even more conspicuously seen as the Solomon of the kingdom, "who shall have dominion from sea to sea." Yet even now, as "we that have believed do enter into rest," so do we also enter into the richest provision which is made in the Covenant of Grace, even at this present time. And I may say of all who have come under the sway of Christ, that we dwell in a region of peace, seated, every man, under his vine and fig tree and none making us afraid. "There is, therefore, now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus," and, "therefore, being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." "The peace of God which passes all understanding" does keep our heart and mind by Jesus Christ. Israel under Solomon had abundance as well as peace. What says the historian? They were "as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking and making merry." It is said that there was such plenty in the land in Solomon's time that gold was of no more value than silver and silver became of little more value than iron! And as for the other metals, they were little accounted of.
We will read a few verses first, and at the close of them you will find the text. The last words are the text for this occasion. From the whole passage you will see that the kingdom of Israel under the sway of Solomon was a fair type of the reign of our Lord Jesus Christ. Perhaps it most exactly describes His future dominion, in the long-expected Glory of the latter days. The present state of the Church may be compared to the reign of David, splendid with victories, but disturbed with battles.

The words behind it

14 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • עֲשָׂרָ֨הten

    ʾasarahH6235 →176 times

  • בָקָ֜רcattle

    vakarH1241 →183 times

  • בְּרִאִ֗יםfat

    beriimH1277 →

  • וְעֶשְׂרִ֥יםand twenty

    veesrimH6242 →315 times

  • בָּקָ֛רcattle

    bakarH1241 →183 times

  • רְעִ֖יpasture

    reiH7471 →

  • וּמֵ֣אָהand one hundred

    umeahH3967 →581 times

  • צֹ֑אןsheep

    tzonH6629 →274 times

  • לְ֠בַד<to> apart

    levadH905 →200 times

  • מֵֽאַיָּ֤לfrom deer

    meaiyalH354 →

  • וּצְבִי֙and gazelle

    utzeviH6643 →

  • וְיַחְמ֔וּרand roe-deer

    veyachmurH3180 →

  • וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖יםand birds

    uvarburimH1257 →

  • אֲבוּסִֽים׃fattened

    ʾavusimH75 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Kings

The visit of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon, Sir Edward John Poynter, 1890. Public domain.
The visit of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon, Sir Edward John Poynter, 1890. Public domain.

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1504: “The Swift Camels” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); F. W. Farrar, The First Book of Kings (Expositor's Bible); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Keil, The Books of the Kings and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.