1 Kings 4:23
in 1 Kings 4ten fat oxen, twenty range oxen, and a hundred sheep, as well as deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened poultry.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and a hundred sheep, besides harts, and gazelles, and roebucks, and fatted fowl.
KJV
Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl.
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This verse in 1 Kings 4
Commentary
7 notes on this verseA commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
Harts ... - The exact sorts of wild land animals here intended are very uncertain. Perhaps it would be best to translate “wild-goats, gazelles, and wild oxen,” which abounded in the wilder parts of Syria, from where Solomon would be supplied. (See 1Ki 4:24.) (Yahmur, or the “roebuck,” gives its name to a valley in a wooded district, south of Carmel (Conder).) The use of game at the royal banquets of Assyria appears in the sculptures.
This site's exposition
from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines
on 1 Kings 4:21-24
Solomon reigns “from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt”, the span promised at Genesis 15:18. The daily provision of “thirty cors of fine flour, sixty cors of meal” feeds a court served by kingdoms that “offered tribute and served Solomon”.
This site's exposition
deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened poultry
The ten fat oxen were stall-fed and the twenty range oxen came from pasture, as Adam Clarke sets out the list. Albert Barnes calls the wild animals uncertain and suggests wild goats, gazelles and wild oxen from the wilder parts of Syria. Assyrian sculptures show game at royal feasts.
The record, by era
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
Ten fat oxen,....
Herein he far outdoes Solomon, that he feeds all his subjects, not with the bread that perishes, but with that which endures to eternal life. It added much both to the strength and glory of Solomon's kingdom that he had such abundance of horses, 40,000 for chariots and 12,000 for his troops, 1000 horse, perhaps, in every tribe, for the preserving of the public peace,
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
We will read a few verses first, and at the close of them you will find the text. The last words are the text for this occasion. From the whole passage you will see that the kingdom of Israel under the sway of Solomon was a fair type of the reign of our Lord Jesus Christ. Perhaps it most exactly describes His future dominion, in the long-expected Glory of the latter days. The present state of the Church may be compared to the reign of David, splendid with victories, but disturbed with battles. But there are better days to come, days in which the kingdom shall be extended and become more manifest—and then the Lord Jesus Christ shall be even more conspicuously seen as the Solomon of the kingdom, "who shall have dominion from sea to sea." Yet even now, as "we that have believed do enter into rest," so do we also enter into the richest provision which is made in the Covenant of Grace, even at this present time. And I may say of all who have come under the sway of Christ, that we dwell in a region of peace, seated, every man, under his vine and fig tree and none making us afraid. "There is, therefore, now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus," and, "therefore, being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." "The peace of God which passes all understanding" does keep our heart and mind by Jesus Christ. Israel under Solomon had abundance as well as peace. What says the historian? They were "as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking and making merry." It is said that there was such plenty in the land in Solomon's time that gold was of no more value than silver and silver became of little more value than iron! And as for the other metals, they were little accounted of.
We will read a few verses first, and at the close of them you will find the text. The last words are the text for this occasion. From the whole passage you will see that the kingdom of Israel under the sway of Solomon was a fair type of the reign of our Lord Jesus Christ. Perhaps it most exactly describes His future dominion, in the long-expected Glory of the latter days. The present state of the Church may be compared to the reign of David, splendid with victories, but disturbed with battles.
The words behind it
14 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| עֲשָׂרָ֨ה | ʾasarah | ten | H6235 → | 176 times |
| בָקָ֜ר | vakar | cattle | H1241 → | 183 times |
| בְּרִאִ֗ים | beriim | fat | H1277 → | |
| וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים | veesrim | and twenty | H6242 → | 315 times |
| בָּקָ֛ר | bakar | cattle | H1241 → | 183 times |
| רְעִ֖י | rei | pasture | H7471 → | |
| וּמֵ֣אָה | umeah | and one hundred | H3967 → | 581 times |
| צֹ֑אן | tzon | sheep | H6629 → | 274 times |
| לְ֠בַד | levad | <to> apart | H905 → | 200 times |
| מֵֽאַיָּ֤ל | meaiyal | from deer | H354 → | |
| וּצְבִי֙ | utzevi | and gazelle | H6643 → | |
| וְיַחְמ֔וּר | veyachmur | and roe-deer | H3180 → | |
| וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖ים | uvarburim | and birds | H1257 → | |
| אֲבוּסִֽים׃ | ʾavusim | fattened | H75 → |
עֲשָׂרָ֨הten
ʾasarahH6235 →176 times
בָקָ֜רcattle
vakarH1241 →183 times
בְּרִאִ֗יםfat
beriimH1277 →
וְעֶשְׂרִ֥יםand twenty
veesrimH6242 →315 times
בָּקָ֛רcattle
bakarH1241 →183 times
רְעִ֖יpasture
reiH7471 →
וּמֵ֣אָהand one hundred
umeahH3967 →581 times
צֹ֑אןsheep
tzonH6629 →274 times
לְ֠בַד<to> apart
levadH905 →200 times
מֵֽאַיָּ֤לfrom deer
meaiyalH354 →
וּצְבִי֙and gazelle
utzeviH6643 →
וְיַחְמ֔וּרand roe-deer
veyachmurH3180 →
וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖יםand birds
uvarburimH1257 →
אֲבוּסִֽים׃fattened
ʾavusimH75 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
Where this verse is studied
About 1 Kings

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1504: “The Swift Camels” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); F. W. Farrar, The First Book of Kings (Expositor's Bible); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Keil, The Books of the Kings and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
