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1 Corinthians 4:13

in 1 Corinthians 4

when we are slandered, we answer gently. Up to this moment we have become the scum of the earth, the refuse of the world.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

being defamed, we entreat: we are made as the filth of the world, the offscouring of all things, even until now.

KJV

Being defamed, we intreat: we are made as the filth of the world, and are the offscouring of all things unto this day.

This verse in 1 Corinthians 4

Commentary

17 notes on this verse
Being defamed - Greek, Blasphemed, that is, spoken of and to, in a harsh, abusive, and reproachful manner. The original and proper meaning of the word is to speak in a reproachful manner of anyone, whether of God or man. It is usually applied to God, but it may also be used of people. We entreat - Either God in their behalf, praying him to forgive them, or we entreat them to turn from their sins, and become converted to God. Probably the latter is the sense.

This site's exposition

To this very hour we are hungry and thirsty

on 1 Corinthians 4:11-13

The hardships, hungry and thirsty, poorly clothed, homeless, answer Corinth's comfort with the apostles' daily condition. The last words, the scum of the earth, the refuse of the world, were Greek terms for refuse and scapegoats, and Paul accepts the title.

This site's exposition

the scum of the earth

Theophylact explains Paul's two closing words as the sweepings thrown out after cleaning and the grime wiped off with a sponge. Wesley links them to outcasts offered as sacrifices.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Ignatius of Antioch

Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians · Written before 108.

proposed

Let not then any one deceive you, as indeed ye are not deceived; for ye are wholly devoted to God. For when there is no evil desire within you, which might defile and torment you, then do ye live in accordance with the will of God, and are [the servants] of Christ. Cast ye out that which defiles you, who are of the most holy Church of the Ephesians, which is so famous and celebrated throughout the world.

A commentator

Ignatius of Antioch

Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians · Written before 108.

proposed

Let my spirit be counted as nothing for the sake of the cross, which is a stumbling-block to those that do not believe, but to us salvation and life eternal. "Where is the wise man? where the disputer? " Where is the boasting of those who are styled prudent? For our God, Jesus Christ, was, according to the appointment of God, conceived in the womb by Mary, of the seed of David, but by the Holy Ghost. He was born and baptized, that by His passion He might purify the water.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Homily on Acts 8 · Written before 407.

proposed

Behold, again I say and testify; let him laugh that will, let him scoff that listeth. Hereunto are we set, to be laughed at and mocked, to suffer all things. We are "the offscouring" of the world, as blessed Paul says.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Homily on 1 Corinthians 13 · Written before 407.

proposed

"Being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we endure; being defamed, we entreat; we are made as the filth of the world." This is the meaning of "fools for Christ's sake." For whoso suffers wrong and avenges not himself nor is vexed, is reckoned a fool by the heathen; and dishonored and weak. And in order that he might not render his speech too unpalatable by referring the sufferings he was speaking of to their city, what saith he? "We are made the filth," not, "of your city," but, "of the world." And again, "the off-scouring of all men;" not of you alone, but of all. As then when he is discoursing of the providential care of Christ, letting pass the earth, the heaven, the whole creation, the Cross is what he brings forward; so also when he desires to attract them to himself hurrying by all his miracles, he speaks of his sufferings on their account. So also it is our method when we be injured by any and despised, whatsoever we have endured for them, to bring the same forward. "The offscouring of all men, even until now." This is a vigorous blow which he gave at the end, "of all men;" "not of the persecutors only," saith he, "but of those also for whom we suffer these things: Oh greatly am I obliged to them." It is the expression of one seriously concerned; not in pain himself, but desiring to make them feel, that he who hath innumerable complaints to make should even salute them. And therefore did Christ command us to bear insults meekly that we might both exercise ourselves in a high strain of virtue, and put the other party to the more shame. For that effect one produces not so well by reproach as by silence.

A commentator

Clement of Alexandria

The Stromata Book 4 · Written before 215.

proposed

Does not the apostle then plainly add the following, to show the contempt for faith in the case of the multitude? "For I think that God hath set forth us the apostles last, as appointed to death: we are made a spectacle to the world, and to angels, and to men. Up to this present hour we both hunger, and thirst, and are naked, and are beaten, and are feeble, and labour, working with our hands. Being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we endure; being defamed, we entreat; we are become as it were the offscourings of the world." Such also are the words of Plato in the Republic: "The just man, though stretched on the rack, though his eyes are dug out, will be happy." The Gnostic will never then have the chief end placed in life, but in being always happy and blessed, and a kingly friend of God. Although visited with ignominy and exile, and confiscation, and above all, death, he will never be wrenched from his freedom, and signal love to God. "The charity which bears all things, endures all things," is assured that Divine Providence orders all things well.
9 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church3 voices

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Commentary on 1 Corinthians · Written before 1107.

proposed

And, – what is most important of all, he says, – we do not even consider ourselves unfortunate amid such calamities. And how is this evident? From the fact that we repay those who afflict us with the opposite. For those who revile us, we …

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Commentary on 1 Corinthians · Written before 1274.

proposed

Thirdly, he touches on the cause of each when he says: we are slandered, i.e., we are called sorcerers, evil-doers and enemies of God: "The hour comes what whosoever kills you, will think that he does a service to God" (Jn. 16:2); Why not do …

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Commentary on 1 Corinthians · Written before 1107.

proposed

What is "offscouring"? Everything that is swept away or wiped off as worthless. Thus, if someone wipes away something filthy with a sponge, they call it offscouring. This also means "dust, trampled by all"; for to trample (περιφάν) is the same as to wipe around …

The Puritans and the Awakening4 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)

We are made as the filth of the world, and offscouring of all things - Such were those poor wretches among the heathens, who were taken from the dregs of the people, to be offered as expiatory sacrifices to the infernal gods.

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

But O glorious charity and devotion, that would carry them through all these hardships! How ardently did they love God, how vehemently did they thirst for the salvation of souls! Theirs was voluntary, it was pleasing poverty.

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

Paul's Tenderness and Affection. 14 I write not these things to shame you, but as my beloved sons I warn you. 15 For though ye have ten thousand instructors in Christ, yet have ye not many fathers: for in Christ Jesus I have begotten you through the gospel.

quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — scripture-overlap:91%@v13-15

Being defamed, we entreat,....

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

defamed, we entreat--namely, God for our defamers, as Christ enjoined (Mt 5:10, 44) [GROTIUS]. We reply gently [ESTIUS]. filth--"the refuse" [CONYBEARE and HOWSON], the sweepings or rubbish thrown out after a cleaning. of all things--not of the "World" only.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

Being defamed - Βλασφημουμενοι, Being blasphemed. I have already remarked that βλασφημειν signifies to speak injuriously, and may have reference either to God or to man. God is blasphemed when his attributes, doctrines, providence, or grace, are treated contemptuously, or any thing said of him that is contrary to his holiness, justice, goodness, or truth. Man is blasphemed when any thing injurious is spoken of his person, character, conduct, etc. Blaspheming against men is any thing by which they are injured in their persons, characters, or property. We are made as the filth of the earth - the offscouring of all things - The Greek word which we render filth, is περικαθαρματα, a purgation, or lustrative sacrifice; that which we translate offscouring is περιψημα, a redemption sacrifice. To understand the full force of these words, as applied by the apostle in this place, we must observe that he alludes to certain customs among the heathens, who, in the time of some public calamity, chose out some unhappy men of the most abject and despicable character to be a public expiation for them; these they maintained a whole year at the public expense; and then they led them out, crowned with flowers, as was customary in sacrifices; and, having heaped all the curses of the country upon their heads, and whipped them seven times, they burned them alive, and afterwards their ashes were thrown into the sea, while the people said these words: περιψημαἡμων γινου, be thou our propitiation. Sometimes the person thus chosen was thrown into the sea as a sacrifice to Neptune, the people saying the words as before. Hence Origen says that our Lord, in giving up himself as a propitiation for our sins, was much more than his apostles - περικαθαρματα του κοσμου, παντων περιψημα, the lustration of the world, and the peculiar sacrifice for all men. […]

The words behind it

11 Greek words

Every Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • δυσφημούμενοιbeing defamed

    dusphemoumenoi

  • παρακαλοῦμεν,we entreat,

    parakaloumenG3870 →108 times

  • ὡςAs

    hosG5613 →500 times

  • περικαθάρματα[the] scum

    perikatharmataG4027 →

  • τοῦof the

    touG3588 →19766 times

  • κόσμουearth

    kosmouG2889 →185 times

  • ἐγενήθημεν,we have become,

    egenethemenG1096 →667 times

  • πάντωνof all [the]

    pantonG3956 →1235 times

  • περίψημαrefuse

    peripsemaG4067 →

  • ἕωςuntil

    he'osG2193 →146 times

  • ἄρτι.now.

    artiG737 →36 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Acts 22:22

    The crowd listened to Paul until he made this statement. Then they lifted up their voices and shouted, “Rid the earth of him! He is not fit to live!”

    it leads to

    • Acts 25:24

      Then Festus said, “King Agrippa and all who are present with us, you see this man. The whole Jewish community has petitioned me about him, both here and in Jerusalem, crying out that he…

    • Acts 21:36

      For the crowd that followed him kept shouting, “Away with him!”

    • John 19:15

      At this, they shouted, “Away with Him! Away with Him! Crucify Him!” “Shall I crucify your King?” Pilate asked. “We have no king but Caesar,” replied the chief priests.

    • Acts 7:54–57

      On hearing this, the members of the Sanhedrin were enraged, and they gnashed their teeth at him.

    • Luke 23:18

      But they all cried out in unison: “Away with this man! Release Barabbas to us!”

  • Through

    Lamentations 3:45

    You have made us scum and refuse among the nations.

    it leads to

    • Lamentations 3:14

      I am a laughingstock to all my people; they mock me in song all day long.

    • Lamentations 2:15

      All who pass by clap their hands at you in scorn. They hiss and shake their heads at the Daughter of Jerusalem: “Is this the city that was called the perfection of beauty, the…

    • Lamentations 4:14–15

      They wandered blind in the streets, defiled by this blood, so that no one dared to touch their garments.

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Corinthians

The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci, 1495 to 1498. Public domain.
The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci, 1495 to 1498. Public domain.
This page draws on 14 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata Book 4; Frederic Godet, Commentary on First Corinthians; Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Homilies on First Corinthians; John Chrysostom, Homily on Acts 8; John Chrysostom, Homily on 1 Corinthians 13; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on 1 Corinthians and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on 1 Corinthians.