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The Light · stop 2 of 9

A pillar of fire, to give them light

Exodus 13:21

Light becomes a travelling companion: 'by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; that they might go by day and by night.' The same presence that leads is the presence that illuminates — guidance and light are one object in the wilderness, not two.

21And the LORD went before them in a pillar of cloud to guide their way by day, and in a pillar of fire to give them light by night, so that they could travel by day or night.

Open Exodus 13:21 in the reader →Everything gathered on this verse →

A voice from the tradition

Witness

The Shechinah or appearance of the divine Majesty, which was a precious manifestation of the eternal Word, who in the fulness of time was to be made flesh, and dwell among us. Christ was with the church in the wilderness, 1 Cor. x, 9.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Bible (1765), on Exodus 13:21 — public domainEvangelical

The approved voices

On Exodus 13:21

It was also fitting that a pillar of fire preceded the Israelites as they progressed through the desert during the night and a pillar of a cloud during the day. There is dread in fire but a gentle soothing quality in the sight of a cloud. "Day" is understood to point toward the life of the righteous and "night" that of the sinner. Hence Paul said to sinners who had been converted, "You were once darkness but are now light in the Lord."

Gregory the Dialogist· Forty Gospel Homilies, Homily 21, 604Patristic

And the Lord went before them,....

John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

The workbench

Words in this verse

  1. וַֽיהוָ֡הva.Yah.weh — and YahwehH3068
  2. הֹלֵךְ֩ho.leKh — [was] goingH1980
  3. לִפְנֵיהֶ֨םlif.nei.Hem — <to> before themH6440
  4. יוֹמָ֜םyo.Mam — by dayH3119
  5. בְּעַמּ֤וּדbe.'a.Mud — in a pillar ofH5982
  6. עָנָן֙'a.Nan — cloudH6051
  7. לַנְחֹתָ֣םlan.cho.Tam — to guide themH5148
  8. הַדֶּ֔רֶךְha.De.rekh — the journeyH1870
  9. וְלַ֛יְלָהve.Lay.lah — and nightH3915
  10. בְּעַמּ֥וּדbe.'a.Mud — in a pillar ofH5982
  11. אֵ֖שׁ'esh — fireH784
  12. לְהָאִ֣ירle.ha.'Ir — to give lightH215
  13. לָהֶ֑םla.Hem — to them
  14. לָלֶ֖כֶתla.Le.khet — to goH1980
  15. יוֹמָ֥םyo.Mam — by dayH3119
  16. וָלָֽיְלָה׃va.La.ye.lah — and nightH3915

The floor

Where the canon echoes this verse

  • 1 Corinthians 10:1–2

    I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud, and that they all passed through the sea. They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea.

    Commentary on 1 Corinthians 10:1–22 voices
    For the people, after crossing the sea, and being carried about in the desert during forty years, although they were there nourished with divine supplies, nevertheless were more mindful of their belly and their gullet than of God. Thereupon the Lord, driven apart into desert places after baptism, showed, by maintaining a fast of forty days, that the man of God lives "not by bread alone," but "by the word of God; " and that temptations incident to fulness or immoderation of appetite are shattered by abstinence.

    Tertullian· On Baptism, 220Patristic

    Thou wilt notice, too, that the transgressions of the common people have been described in like manner, not for the sake of those who did then transgress, but as a means of instruction unto us, and that we should understand that it is one and the same God against whom these men sinned, and against whom certain persons do now transgress from among those who profess to have believed in Him.

    Irenaeus· Against Heresies Book IV, 202Patristic

    Everything gathered on 1 Corinthians 10:1–2

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Nehemiah 9:12

    You led them with a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night, to light for them the way in which they should travel.

    Commentary on Nehemiah 9:121 voice
    Moreover, thou leddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar,.... The Israelites, to shelter them from the heat of the sun in a dry and barren wilderness: and in the night by a pillar of fire, to give them light in the way wherein they should go; through a trackless desert, see Exo 13:21.

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    Everything gathered on Nehemiah 9:12

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Psalms 99:7

    He spoke to them from the pillar of cloud; they kept His decrees and the statutes He gave them.

    Commentary on Psalms 99:72 voices
    . Ver. 7. He spake unto them in the cloudy pillar. We have had mention of the ark and the shekinah, and now of the fiery cloudy pillar, which was another visible token of the presence of God in the midst of Israel. Responses came to Moses and Aaron out of that glorious overshadowing cloud, and though Samuel saw it not, yet to him also came the mystic voice which was wont to thunder forth from that divine canopy. Men have had converse with God, let men therefore speak to God in return.

    Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David (1869-1885)Reformed

    He spake unto them in the cloudy pillar,....

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    Everything gathered on Psalms 99:7

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Deuteronomy 1:33

    who went before you on the journey, in the fire by night and in the cloud by day, to seek out a place for you to camp and to show you the road to travel.

    Commentary on Deuteronomy 1:331 voice
    Who went in the way before you, to search you out a place to pitch your tents in,....

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    Everything gathered on Deuteronomy 1:33

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Nehemiah 9:19

    You in Your great compassion did not forsake them in the wilderness. By day the pillar of cloud never turned away from guiding them on their path; and by the night the pillar of fire illuminated the way they should go.

    Commentary on Nehemiah 9:191 voice
    Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness,.... Where no supply could be had, if he had cast them off, see Neh 9:17, the pillar of the cloud departed not from them by day, to lead them in the way; which, if it had, they would have been scorched by the heat of the sun: neither the pillar of fire by night, to show them light, and the way wherein they should go; or otherwise they would have lost their way, and not have known which way to have gone.

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    Everything gathered on Nehemiah 9:19

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Psalms 105:39

    He spread a cloud as a covering and a fire to light up the night.

    Commentary on Psalms 105:391 voice
    "And when Moses had gone up, a cloud covered the mountain." Just as the mountain on which Moses received the law designates the height of the perfection that was written down in that law, so does the cloud that covered the mountain suggest the grace …

    Bede· On the Tabernacle 1:1, 735Patristic

    Everything gathered on Psalms 105:39

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Psalms 78:14

    He led them with a cloud by day and with a light of fire all night.

    Commentary on Psalms 78:142 voices
    "And he led them down in a cloud by day." "Behold, the Lord comes into Egypt upon a light cloud." By the light cloud we ought to understand either, properly, the body of the Savior, because it was light and weighed down by no sin; or certainly by the light cloud we ought to understand holy Mary, weighed down by no human seed. Behold, the Lord comes into the Egypt of this world upon a light cloud, the Virgin. "And he led them down in a cloud by day."

    Jerome· Homily 11, on Psalm 77, 420Patristic

    "Before their fathers the wonders which he did in the land of Egypt, in the field of Tanis: he split the sea and led them through; he set the waters as if in a wineskin, and led them down in a cloud by day." Let someone say: You do violence to Scripture: for it is said simply of the people of Israel, when they were led out of the land of Egypt, and therefore it is said according to the history; and we read that the ten tribes forsook God, and became idolaters, and that they followed the golden calves.

    Jerome· Homily 11, on Psalm 77, 420Patristic

    Everything gathered on Psalms 78:14

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Numbers 14:14

    And they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. They have already heard that You, O LORD, are in the midst of this people, that You, O LORD, have been seen face to face, that Your cloud stands over them, and that You go before them in a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night.

    Commentary on Numbers 14:141 voice
    And they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land,....

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    Everything gathered on Numbers 14:14

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Exodus 33:9–10

    As Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would come down and remain at the entrance, and the LORD would speak with Moses. When all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance to the tent, they would stand up and worship, each one at the entrance to his own tent.

    Commentary on Exodus 33:9–102 voices
    And it came to pass, as Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended,....

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand at the tabernacle door,....

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    Everything gathered on Exodus 33:9–10

    Verse page →Original language →

  • Numbers 9:15–23

    On the day that the tabernacle, the Tent of the Testimony, was set up, the cloud covered it and appeared like fire above the tabernacle from evening until morning. It remained that way continually; the cloud would cover the tabernacle by day, and at night it would appear like fire. Whenever the cloud was lifted from above the Tent, the Israelites would set out, and wherever the cloud settled, there the Israelites would camp. At the LORD’s command the Israelites set out, and at the LORD’s command they camped. As long as the cloud remained over the tabernacle, they remained encamped. Even when the cloud lingered over the tabernacle for many days, the Israelites kept the LORD’s charge and did not set out. Sometimes the cloud remained over the tabernacle for only a few days, and they would camp at the LORD’s command and set out at the LORD’s command. Sometimes the cloud remained only from evening until morning, and when it lifted in the morning, they would set out. Whether it was by day or by night, when the cloud was taken up, they would set out. Whether the cloud lingered for two days, a month, or longer, the Israelites camped and did not set out as long as the cloud remained over the tabernacle; but when it was lifted, they would set out. They camped at the LORD’s command, and they set out at the LORD’s command; they carried out the LORD’s charge according to His command through Moses.

    Commentary on Numbers 9:15–232 voices
    And so it was, when the cloud was a few days upon the tabernacle,.... Or "days of number", which were so few that they might be easily numbered: the Targum of Jonathan interprets them of the seven days of the week, as if the sense was, when the cloud rested a week on the tabernacle: according to the commandment of the Lord they abode in their tents; during these few days, be they a week, or more, or less: and according to the commandment of the Lord they journeyed; when it removed from the tabernacle.

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    And when the cloud tarried long upon the tabernacle many days,....

    John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed

    Everything gathered on Numbers 9:15–23

    Verse page →Original language →

Cross-reference data: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge; OpenBible.info (CC-BY).