The Revival Streams

The Holiness movement had held national camp meetings since Vineland, New Jersey, in July 1867. At Charles Parham's Bible school in Topeka, Kansas, the Topeka State Journal reported on 7 January 1901 that a student, Agnes Ozman, had received the gift of tongues "about a week ago".

Parham told the paper that his students would be sent "into all the nations" to preach without studying the languages. Ozman later dated her experience to New Year's night.

In Wales, by Joseph Jenkins's account, the revival began at New Quay in the February before Roberts's meetings, where a young girl stood and said she loved Jesus with all her heart. That September at Blaenannerch, Roberts heard Seth Joshua pray "bend us" and cried, "Bend me, bend me, bend me."

On Monday 31 October at Moriah chapel, Loughor, sixteen adults and one girl stayed after the prayer meeting for his first meeting, and after two hours all stood to confess Christ.

The Western Mail counted 34,131 converts in South Wales by the end of the year, from the 145 places that sent returns. Its third list, to the end of the next February, gave 83,936 for all Wales, and D. M. Phillips noted that many places sent none.

Peter Price, a Congregational minister of Dowlais, wrote to the Western Mail in January, between those two lists, that beside the work of God ran "a sham".

At Pandita Ramabai's Mukti mission in India, she told her pupils about Wales that same January, and seventy came forward to pray daily. By June 550 met twice a day.

On the evening of 30 June, while Ramabai was teaching from John 8, all the girls began to pray aloud, as Helen Dyer's compilation records it.

William J. Seymour came to Los Angeles from Houston, where he had sat in Parham's Bible lessons. Locked out of the mission that called him, he held prayer meetings in a cottage on Bonnie Brae Street, where the Spirit fell on 9 April 1906, as Frank Bartleman records.

On 18 April the Los Angeles Daily Times headed its report "Weird Babel of Tongues". The next day Bartleman found the mission in "an old frame building, formerly a Methodist church", at 312 Azusa Street.

The mission's paper, The Apostolic Faith, began that September under the headline "Pentecost Has Come". It said the work "began among the colored people", and by the next May it printed 40,000 copies of an issue.

Bartleman wrote in 1925, "The 'color line' was washed away in the blood". Seymour, he recalled, sat behind two empty shoe boxes with his head inside the top one, in prayer.

At Pyongyang in the winter that followed, during the men's Bible class of January, Korean believers rose one after another to confess sins aloud, and stolen money was returned. The missionaries had prayed for months after reports came from India and Wales.

Charles H. Mason, of the Church of God in Christ, received the Spirit at the mission that March. He told his biographer that "a flame touched my tongue which ran down in me. My language changed".

In Britain, Smith Wigglesworth went to Sunderland that year, where Mrs Boddy laid hands on him and he spoke in tongues, as he told it in Ever-Increasing Faith.

About twenty states sent ministers to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where the General Council began on 2 April 1914 and formed the Assemblies of God. Its archivist writes that the 300 founding ministers "were mostly white".

Aimee Semple McPherson opened Angelus Temple, "Church of the Four-Square Gospel", on 1 January 1923. Her gospel named Jesus the Savior, the Baptizer with the Holy Spirit, the Great Physician and the Coming King.

In Ruanda in 1935 a young African schoolmaster, Blasio Kigozi, prayed alone for a week and came back "in the power of the Spirit", John Taylor writes. He died of tick fever before he could address his church's synod.

The Church Missionary Society printed his story in 1937 as Awake! An African Calling. The revival's brethren greeted one another with the chorus Tukutendereza, "We praise thee".

William Branham dated his call to heal to 7 May 1946, in the first Voice of Healing of April 1948. At North Battleford in Saskatchewan the Latter Rain began in February 1948, and on 13 September 1949 the Assemblies of God disapproved of it.

On the Isle of Lewis, Duncan Campbell of the Faith Mission began meetings at Barvas that December.