1 Samuel 6:18
in 1 Samuel 6The number of gold rats also corresponded to the number of Philistine cities belonging to the five rulers—the fortified cities and their outlying villages. And the large rock on which they placed the ark of the LORD stands to this day in the field of Joshua of Beth-shemesh.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
and the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fortified cities and of country villages, even unto the great stone, whereon they set down the ark of Jehovah, which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of Joshua the Beth-shemite.
KJV
And the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fenced cities, and of country villages, even unto the great stone of Abel, whereon they set down the ark of the Lord: which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of Joshua, the Beth–shemite.
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This verse in 1 Samuel 6
Commentary
12 notes on this verseAbel - This is mentioned as the utmost border of the Philistines territory, to which the plague of mice extended. And this place is here called Abel, by anticipation from the great mourning mentioned in the following verse. It is desirable, to see the ark in its habitation, in all the circumstances of solemnity.
This site's exposition
one gold tumor for each city
on 1 Samuel 6:17-18
The gold tumors are counted by city, “Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron”, with Goliath's city among them. The gold rats are counted by every fortified city and outlying village the plague reached, a scale of damage the tumors alone did not show. The narrator adds that the large rock still “stands to this day in the field of Joshua of Beth-shemesh”, an eyewitness marker.
This site's exposition
The number of gold rats also corresponded
The gold tumors stood for the five ruling cities, and Adam Clarke read the gold rats as coming from every town, fortified or open, for the rats had ravaged the whole land. Matthew Henry held that the large rock stood as a memorial fathers showed their children. It marked the ark's return.
The record, by era
The Medieval Church4 voices
And up to Abel the great stone, etc. Even the strong ones in faith, and those who are sufficient in devotion to support and govern the wavering Church, conscious of their own fragility, say: For in many things we all offend (James 3). Indeed, the …
Which was until that day in the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh. The same Joshua, who above is Jesus, and signifies the same Lord. For both names interpret as Savior.
Here are the golden mice, etc. All, both small and great, strong and weak, must repay the Lord with golden vessels for their sins, that is, with the splendid gifts of contrition and humility, gentleness and chastity, and the other spiritual fruits. For who is …
A commentator
Gregory the DialogistCommentary on 1 Kings, Book 3, Chapter 4 · Written before 604.
proposed
29. What all these things signify has been set forth at length above. But what does it mean that when the debt owed to the ark is commanded to be paid for sin, five golden hemorrhoids and five mice are named together; yet when what was owed is declared to have already been paid, individual cities are reported to have each paid one separately?
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
Their proposal to offer a trespass-offering for their offence was conformable enough to divine revelation at that time; but to send such things as these for trespass-offerings was very foreign, and showed them grossly ignorant of the methods of reconciliation appointed by the law of Moses; for there it appears all along that it is blood, and not gold, that makes atonement for the soul.
4 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
), because it remained a lasting memorial of this great event, and served to support the traditional history by which it was transmitted to posterity. The fathers would say to the children, "This is the stone upon which the ark of God was set when it came out of the Philistines' hands, a thing never to be forgotten." The Ark at Beth-shemesh.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
And the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords,....
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
And the golden mice - The desolation that had been made through the land by these animals had excited a general concern; and it appears from the text, that all the cities of the Philistines, as well fended as without walls, sent a golden mouse as a trespass-offering.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
The great stone of Abel ... - Probably so called from the “lamentation” described in 1Sa 6:19.
The words behind it
29 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וְעַכְבְּרֵ֣י | veakhberei | and [the] mice of | H5909 → | 6 times |
| הַזָּהָ֗ב | hazahav | <the> gold | H2091 → | 389 times |
| מִסְפַּ֞ר | mispar | [the] number of | H4557 → | 134 times |
| כָּל־ | kol- | all | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| עָרֵ֤י | ʾarei | [the] cities of | H5892 → | 1090 times |
| פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ | felishtim | [the] Philistines | H6430 → | 287 times |
| לַחֲמֵ֣שֶׁת | lachameshet | of [the] five | H2568 → | 343 times |
| הַסְּרָנִ֔ים | haseranim | the rulers | H5633 → | 22 times |
| מֵעִ֣יר | meir | from a city of | H5892 → | 1090 times |
| מִבְצָ֔ר | mivtzar | fortification | H4013 → | |
| וְעַ֖ד | vead | and unto | H5704 → | 1261 times |
| כֹּ֣פֶר | kofer | <the> village[s] of | H3724 → | |
| הַפְּרָזִ֑י | haperazi | the hamlet-dweller[s] | H6521 → | |
| וְעַ֣ד׀ | vead | and to | H5704 → | 1261 times |
| אָבֵ֣ל | ʾavel | Abel | H59 → | |
| הַגְּדוֹלָ֗ה | hagedolah | the great | H1419 → | 526 times |
| אֲשֶׁ֨ר | ʾasher | which | H834 → | 5497 times |
| הִנִּ֤יחוּ | hinichu | they set down | H5117 → | 142 times |
| עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ | ʾaleiha | on it | H5921 → | 5755 times |
| אֵ֚ת | ʾet | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| אֲר֣וֹן | ʾaron | [the] ark of | H727 → | 202 times |
| יְהוָ֔ה | yahweh | Yahweh | H3068 → | 6520 times |
| עַ֚ד | ʾad | until | H5704 → | 1261 times |
| הַיּ֣וֹם | haiyom | the day | H3117 → | 2304 times |
| הַזֶּ֔ה | hazeh | <the> this | H2088 → | 1180 times |
| בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה | bisdeh | in [the] field of | H7704 → | 334 times |
| יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ | yehoshua' | Joshua | H3091 → | |
| בֵּֽית־ | beit- | [the] Beth | H1030 → | 4 times |
| הַשִּׁמְשִֽׁי׃ | hashimshi | <the> Shemeshite | H1030 → | 4 times |
וְעַכְבְּרֵ֣יand [the] mice of
veakhbereiH5909 →6 times
הַזָּהָ֗ב<the> gold
hazahavH2091 →389 times
מִסְפַּ֞ר[the] number of
misparH4557 →134 times
כָּל־all
kol-H3605 →5413 times
עָרֵ֤י[the] cities of
ʾareiH5892 →1090 times
פְלִשְׁתִּים֙[the] Philistines
felishtimH6430 →287 times
לַחֲמֵ֣שֶׁתof [the] five
lachameshetH2568 →343 times
הַסְּרָנִ֔יםthe rulers
haseranimH5633 →22 times
מֵעִ֣ירfrom a city of
meirH5892 →1090 times
מִבְצָ֔רfortification
mivtzarH4013 →
וְעַ֖דand unto
veadH5704 →1261 times
כֹּ֣פֶר<the> village[s] of
koferH3724 →
הַפְּרָזִ֑יthe hamlet-dweller[s]
haperaziH6521 →
וְעַ֣ד׀and to
veadH5704 →1261 times
אָבֵ֣לAbel
ʾavelH59 →
הַגְּדוֹלָ֗הthe great
hagedolahH1419 →526 times
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhich
ʾasherH834 →5497 times
הִנִּ֤יחוּthey set down
hinichuH5117 →142 times
עָלֶ֙יהָ֙on it
ʾaleihaH5921 →5755 times
אֵ֚ת<obj.>
ʾetH853 →10935 times
אֲר֣וֹן[the] ark of
ʾaronH727 →202 times
יְהוָ֔הYahweh
yahwehH3068 →6520 times
עַ֚דuntil
ʾadH5704 →1261 times
הַיּ֣וֹםthe day
haiyomH3117 →2304 times
הַזֶּ֔ה<the> this
hazehH2088 →1180 times
בִּשְׂדֵ֥הin [the] field of
bisdehH7704 →334 times
יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַJoshua
yehoshua'H3091 →
בֵּֽית־[the] Beth
beit-H1030 →4 times
הַשִּׁמְשִֽׁי׃<the> Shemeshite
hashimshiH1030 →4 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Joshua 13:3All the territory of the Philistines and the Geshurites, from the Shihor east of Egypt to the territory of Ekron on the north (considered to be Canaanite territory)—that of the five Philistine rulers of…
it leads to
- Judges 3:3
the five rulers of the Philistines, all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites who lived in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.
- Deuteronomy 2:23
And the Avvim, who lived in villages as far as Gaza, were destroyed by the Caphtorites, who came out of Caphtor and settled in their place.)
- Jeremiah 2:18
Now what will you gain on your way to Egypt to drink the waters of the Nile? What will you gain on your way to Assyria to drink the waters of the Euphrates?
- Zephaniah 2:4–5
For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon left in ruins. Ashdod will be driven out at noon, and Ekron will be uprooted.
- 1 Samuel 6:16–17
And when the five rulers of the Philistines saw this, they returned to Ekron that same day.
- Judges 3:3
Through
Deuteronomy 3:5All these cities were fortified with high walls and gates and bars, and there were many more unwalled villages.
it leads to
- Numbers 13:28
Nevertheless, the people living in the land are strong, and the cities are large and fortified. We even saw the descendants of Anak there.
- Hebrews 11:30
By faith the walls of Jericho fell, after the people had marched around them for seven days.
- Deuteronomy 1:28
Where can we go? Our brothers have made our hearts melt, saying: ‘The people are larger and taller than we are; the cities are large, with walls up to the heavens. We even saw…
- Numbers 13:28
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies1
About 1 Samuel

Who and where
1 name in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Bede, Commentary on Samuel; Gregory the Dialogist, Commentary on 1 Kings, Book 3, Chapter 4; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
