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Psalms

Summary

Chapter summary

A royal wedding song: 'My heart overfloweth with a goodly matter… I speak the things which I have made touching the king.' Fairer than the children of men, girding the sword in majesty, riding for truth and meekness and righteousness. 'Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever': Hebrews 1:8-9 reads the address of the Son. The queen stands in gold of Ophir; the king's daughter is all glorious within; virgins follow her into the palace. 'I will make thy name to be remembered in all generations.'

Context

Poetry · David, Asaph, Sons of Korah, othersPsalms overview

The world behind this chapter

Psalms 45
When
The monarchy; a wedding song for a king of David's line · Date unstated; a Korahite song 'upon Shoshannim' (lilies), written for a royal marriage during the kingdom era
Where
A palace wedding — ivory-paneled rooms, a foreign bride, a procession of attendants
Who first heard it
Israelites at a royal wedding, and every generation that sang it afterward

The history

"My tongue is the pen of a ready writer" identifies the writer as a trained scribe. Scribes wrote with a reed pen on papyrus or leather, and a skilled one was a professional employed by the court.

"All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia" lists three imported aromatics. Myrrh is a resin from southern Arabia, cassia a bark related to cinnamon, aloes a fragrant wood — all of them long-distance luxury trade goods, the same materials used in the sacred anointing oil. Garments were stored with them and perfumed.

"Out of the ivory palaces" is not exaggeration. Kings of Israel and Judah decorated rooms with carved ivory panels inlaid into furniture and walls; Ahab's "ivory house" is mentioned in Kings, and excavations at Samaria turned up hundreds of ivory fragments in exactly that style. "The gold of Ophir" names the finest grade of gold in that world, from a source whose location is still debated.

"The daughter of Tyre shall be there with a gift" and "forget also thine own people, and thy father's house" mark this as a diplomatic marriage. Kings sealed alliances by marrying foreign princesses, who arrived with dowries, retinues, and the expectation of leaving their homeland behind. Israel's history shows how dangerous that was when the bride brought her gods, as Jezebel of Sidon did.

What it meant to them

For the wedding guests this was a court song honoring a bridegroom king and telling a young queen where her loyalty now lay.

But verse 6 says something no Israelite would say lightly about a man: "Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever." That line kept the psalm alive long after the wedding, and Hebrews applies it directly to the Son.

Sources cited

  • John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews & Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
  • Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 45

Every work MannaFest builds on →

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Psalms 45. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

Connections from this chapter

v. 6 · Quoted here · Spoken beforehand, fulfilled here

'Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever': Hebrews, the Son addressed as God.

Hebrews 1:8

But about the Son He says: “Your throne, O God, endures forever and ever, and justice is the scepter of Your kingdom.

public-domain commentaries in agreement

This page draws on Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.