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Scripture: The text alone. Study: The verses explained. Original: The Hebrew and Greek, and the tradition.

Psalm 27

14 verses · KJVPsalms book hub →

Key verse

The Lord is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? the Lord is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?

The chapter

Chapter summary

'Jehovah is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear?' One thing he asks: to dwell in the house of Jehovah all the days of his life, to behold his beauty and inquire in his temple. In trouble he will be hidden in the pavilion, set upon a rock. 'When my father and my mother forsake me, then Jehovah will take me up.' The close is counsel forged in waiting: 'I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of Jehovah in the land of the living. Wait for Jehovah: be strong, and let thy heart take courage.'

Context

Poetry · David, Asaph, Sons of Korah, others · Psalms overview

Where the chapter sits

Psalms 27 falls in Book I: Davidic core (chapters 1–41). Ps 1 (Torah-delight) + Ps 2 (messianic enthronement) as intentional introduction; Davidic dominance; Torah-praise Psalms 1 and 19; six penitential / lament clusters. Doxology at 41:13.

After it: Book II: Davidic + Korahite, chapters 42–72.

The whole shape of Psalms

The world behind this chapter

Psalms 27
When
The reign of David, with an army in the field against him · c. 1010-970 BC by the superscription
Where
A war camp pitched against the singer, and the tent that housed the ark on Zion
Who first heard it
Israelites who worshiped at a tent, not yet a temple

The history

"Though an host should encamp against me" describes siege in its first stage. An army arrived, pitched its camp in view of the walls, and settled in to starve or storm the place. Assyrian reliefs show these camps in detail, oval enclosures of tents behind a rampart. The waiting was the weapon.

The rest of the history, and what it meant to them

The house the psalm longs for was a tent. In David's day the ark stood under curtains on Zion; Solomon's temple was still a generation away. So "in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me" carries a second meaning any Israelite would catch: a tent was where a guest was taken in, and a host who received you owed you protection with his own life.

"He shall set me up upon a rock" is the country talking again. In terrain of ridges and ravines, height was safety, a man on a crag could see, could be defended by a few, and could not be rushed.

"When my father and my mother forsake me" is the worst-case sentence in a clan society. Your family was your legal standing, your insurance, and your defense; a man with no household behind him had no one to answer for him at the gate. That is the loss the psalm names before saying the Lord will take him up.

What it meant to them

The single thing the singer asks for, with an army camped outside, is not victory, it is to dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of his life and to behold his beauty.

And it ends without a resolution. "Wait on the Lord: be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine heart" was sung by people still waiting, and it said so twice.

Sources cited

  • Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 27
  • John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews & Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament

Every work MannaFest builds on →

A. Verses 1 to 14

1. (vv. 1-3)

a.my light and my salvation: Light, salvation and stronghold are three words for the LORD in one verse, and each answers the question whom shall I fear. The wicked came to devour his flesh, and his enemies and foes stumbled and fell. An army encamped and a war begun leave the heart unafraid.

Psalms 27:1, 2 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.

Psalms 27:1

Christians have nothing to fear, even if demons should not be well-disposed to them; for they are protected by the supreme God, who is well pleased with their piety and who sets his divine angels to watch over those who are worthy of such guardianship, so that they can suffer nothing from demons.

Origen of Alexandria· written before 253· AGAINST CELSUS 8:27patristic

Psalms 27:1

The Lord is my light and my salvation. Here is personal interest, "my light, ""my salvation; " the soul is assured of it, and therefore, declaring it boldly. "My light; " —into the soul at the new birth divine light is poured as the precursor of salvation; where there is not enough light to see our own darkness and to long for the Lord Jesus, there is no evidence of salvation. Salvation finds us in the dark, but it does not leave us there; it gives light to those who sit in the valley of the shadow of death.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:2, 2 voices

Psalms 27:2

David says that he does not fear, because the enemy were eating up his flesh but not his soul.

Ambrose of Milan· written before 397· Concerning Repentance 1.14.77patristic

Psalms 27:2

This verse records a past deliverance, and is an instance of the way in which experience should be employed to reassure our faith in times of trial. Each word is instructive. When the wicked. It is a hopeful sign for us when the wicked hate us; if our foes were godly men it would be a sore sorrow, but as for the wicked their hatred is better than their love. Even mine enemies and my foes. There were many of them, they were of different sorts, but they were unanimous in mischief and hearty in hatred.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:3, 2 voices

Psalms 27:3

It may be that these words are spoken by the prophet of no one else but the Savior, who feared no one because of the light and salvation given from the Father and who was afraid of no one because of the protection with which God shielded him. And his heart was not at all fearful when the entire host of Satan encamped against him. His heart, filled with sacred teachings, hoped in God when war rose up against him.

Origen of Alexandria· written before 253· EXHORTATION TO MARTYDOM 29patristic

Psalms 27:3

Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear. Before the actual conflict, while as yet the battle is untried, the warrior's heart, being held in suspense, is very liable to become fluttered. The encamping host often inspires greater dread than the same host in actual affray. Young tells us of some—"Who feel a thousand deaths in fearing one."

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

2. (v. 4)

a.David narrows every want to one request, and three verbs carry it: to dwell, to gaze, to seek. The word rendered temple is used of the tabernacle at 1 Samuel 1:9 and 3:3, so the tent David worshipped in stands behind it. The gazing is what he wants the dwelling for.

Psalms 27:4, 4 voices

Psalms 27:4

The primary quest in my life is to learn how to host the Presence of God. There is no greater privilege than being a host to God Himself. Neither is there a greater responsibility.

Bill Johnson· Hosting the Presence (Core Values article, Bill Johnson Ministries)Charismatic / Pentecostal-Renewal / Bethel Church (Redding) / Presence theology / Identity stream / Signs-and-wonders revival

Psalms 27:4

One thing. Divided aims tend to distraction, weakness, disappointment. The man of one book is eminent, the man of one pursuit is successful. Let all our affections be bound up in one affection, and that affection set upon heavenly things. Have I desired —what we cannot at once attain, it is well to desire. God judges us very much by the desire of our hearts.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:4

Dwell. &c. - Have opportunity of constant attendance upon God. To behold - That there I may delight myself, in the contemplation of thy amiable and glorious majesty, and of thy infinite wisdom, holiness, justice, truth, and mercy.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

Psalms 27:4

He knew something of the beauty of the Lord, the infinite and transcendent amiableness of the divine being and perfections; his holiness is his beauty ( Ps. cx. 3 ), his goodness is his beauty, Zech. ix. The harmony of all his attributes is the beauty of his nature.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

3. (vv. 5-6)

a.The shelter and the tent are the house David asked to live in at verse 4, now a hiding place in the day of trouble. The rock lifts his head above his enemies. Sheltered, he offers sacrifices at the tabernacle with shouts of joy and sings to the LORD.

Psalms 27:5, 2 voices

Psalms 27:5

This verse gives an excellent reason for the psalmist's desire after communion with God, namely, that he was thus secured in the hour of peril. For in the time of trouble, that needy time, that time when others forsake me, he shall hide me in his pavilion: he shall give me the best of shelter in the worst of danger.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:5

The temple was thought a safe place for Nehemiah to abscond in, Neh. vi. The safety of believers however is not in the walls of the temple, but in the God of the temple and their comfort in communion with him. (2.) There he should be pleasant and cheerful: there he would offer sacrifices of joy,

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 27:6, 2 voices

Psalms 27:6

And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies round about me. He is quite sure of it. Godly men of old prayed in faith, nothing wavering, and spoke of their answer to their prayers as a certainty. David was by faith so sure of a glorious victory over all those who beset him, that he arranged in his own heart what he would do when his foes lay all prostrate before him; that arrangement was such as gratitude suggested. Therefore will I offer in his tabernacle sacrifices of joy.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:6

There he would sing, yea, he would sing praises to the Lord. Note, Whatever is the matter of our joy ought to be the matter of our praise; and, when we attend upon God in holy ordinances, we ought to be much in joy and praise. It is for the glory of our God that we should sing in his ways; and, whenever God lifts us up above our enemies, we ought to exalt him in our praises.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

4. (vv. 7-10)

a.David asks the LORD to hear him and answer. In verse 8 his own heart tells him to seek God's face, and he answers that he will. Verse 10 takes the hardest case, and the LORD receives the son his father and mother forsake.

Psalms 27:7, 2 voices

Psalms 27:7

Hear, O Lord, when I cry with my voice. The pendulum of spirituality swings from prayer to praise. The voice which in the last verse was tuned to music is here turned to crying. As a good soldier, David knew how to handle his weapons, and found himself much at home with the weapon of "all prayer." Note his anxiety to be heard. Pharisees care not a fig for the Lord's hearing them, so long as they are heard of men, or charm their own pride with their sounding devotions; but with a genuine man, the Lord's ear is everything.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:7

Still pressing need extorts prayer for help. cry with my voice--denotes earnestness. Other things equal, Christians in earnest pray audibly, even in secret.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Psalms 27:8, 3 voices

Psalms 27:8-9

In this place, the lover of God, not seeking any other type of purity but desiring the beauty of Christ alone, in those words which lovers are accustomed to say to those whom they love, cries out in the heart, "My heart says to you, …

Arnobius the Younger· written before 460· COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 27patristic

Psalms 27:8

In this verse we are taught that if we would have the Lord hear our voice, we must be careful to respond to his voice. The true heart should echo the will of God as the rocks among the Alps repeat in sweetest music the notes of the peasant's horn. Observe, that the command was in the plural, to all the saints, Seek ye; but the man of God turned it into the singular by a personal application, Thy face, Lord, will I seek. The voice of the Lord is very effectual where all other voices fail.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:8

The meaning is clear, though the construction in a literal translation is obscure. The English Version supplies the implied clause. To seek God's face is to seek His favor (Ps 105:4).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Psalms 27:9, 2 voices

Psalms 27:9

Hide not thy face far from me. The word "far" is not in the original, and is a very superfluous addition of the translators, since even the least hiding of the Lord's face is a great affliction to a believer. The command to seek the Lord's face would be a painful one if the Lord, by withdrawing himself, rendered it impossible for the seeker to meet with him. A smile from the Lord is the greatest of comforts, his frown the worst of ills. Put not thy servant away in anger.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:9

IN times of distress it is somewhat a difficulty to have a choice of helpers, because while we are making our selection, the danger may have overtaken us. While the fox was considering which way to run, the hounds had seized him. While the sick man was selecting the physician and considering the medicine, his disease carried him off. It is well to be shut up to one sole help, if that help is all we need.

Charles Spurgeon· The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1144: “A Mighty Plea” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) (1873)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:10, 2 voices

Psalms 27:10

When my father and my mother forsake me. These dear relations will be the last to desert me, but if the milk of human kindness should dry up even from their breasts, there is a Father who never forgets. Some of the greatest of the saints have been cast out by their families, and persecuted for righteousness' sake. Then the Lord will take me up. Will espouse my cause, will uplift me from my woes, will carry me in his arms, will elevate me above my enemies, will at last receive me to his eternal dwelling place.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:10

This promise has often been fulfilled in the letter of it. Forsaken orphans have been taken under the special care of the divine Providence, which has raised up relief and friends for them in a way that one would not have expected. God is a surer and better friend than our earthly parents are or can be.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

5. (vv. 11-12)

a.David asks for teaching and for a level path, and the verse gives the reason, his oppressors. A level path is a road cleared of the traps an enemy sets on it. Verse 12 names them, false witnesses breathing out violence.

Psalms 27:11, 1 voice

Psalms 27:11

Teach me thy way, O Lord. He does not pray to be indulged with his own way, but to be informed as to the path in which the righteous Jehovah would have him walk. This prayer evinces an humble sense of personal ignorance, great teachableness of spirit, and cheerful obedience of heart. Lead me in a plain path. Help is here sought as well as direction; we not only need a map of the way, but a guide to assist us in the journey.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:12, 1 voice

Psalms 27:12

Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies; or I should be like a victim cast to the lions, to be rent in pieces and utterly devoured. God be thanked that our foes cannot have their way with us, or Smithfield would soon be on a blaze again. For false witnesses are risen up against me. Slander is an old fashioned weapon out of the armoury of hell, and is still in plentiful use; and no matter how holy a man may be, there will be some who will defame him.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

6. (vv. 13-14)

a.see the goodness of the Lord: The goodness David expects to see is in the land of the living, this present life. Verse 14 says wait for the LORD twice, with be strong and courageous set between. God gave Joshua the same charge at Joshua 1:6 and 1:9.

Psalms 27:13, 3 voices

Psalms 27:13

Faintness of heart is a common infirmity; even he who slew Goliath was subject to its attacks. Faith puts its bottle of cordial to the lip of the soul, and so prevents fainting. Hope is heaven's balm for present sorrow. In this land of the dying, it is our blessedness to be looking and longing for our fair portion in the land of the living, whence the goodness of God has banished the wickedness of man, and where holy spirits charm with their society those persecuted saints who were vilified and despised among men.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:13

The strong emotion is indicated by the incomplete sentence, for which the English Version supplies a proper clause; or, omitting that, and rendering, "yet I believed," &c., the contrast of his faith and his danger is expressed. to see--is to experience (Ps 22:17).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Psalms 27:13

The living - David was thus earnestly desirous of this mercy in this life, not because he placed his portion in these things; but because the truth and glory of God, were highly concerned in making good the promise of the kingdom to him.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

1 more voice on this verse
Psalms 27:14, 3 voices

Psalms 27:14

Great and distinguished successes are brought to completion not without labors. No doubt it is necessary that for every good thing sweat must be caused first. And no wonder if we see that such occurs in great matters, since common and inferior ones are full of care and come to pass through labors. But even in labor we have learned to say, "Be strong, and be of stout heart and wait for the Lord."

Cyril of Alexandria· written before 444· LETTER 25:1patristic

Psalms 27:14

Wait on the Lord. Wait at his door with prayer; wait at his foot with humility; wait at his table with service; wait at his window with expectancy. Suitors often win nothing but the cold shoulder from earthly patrons after long and obsequious waiting; he speeds best whose patron is in the skies. Be of good courage. A soldier's motto. Be it mine. Courage we shall need, and for the exercise of it we have as much reason as necessity, if we are soldiers of King Jesus. And he shall strengthen thine heart.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 27:14

In that strength, (1.) Keep close to God and to your duty. Wait on the Lord by faith, and prayer, and a humble resignation to his will; wait, I say, on the Lord; whatever you do, grow not remiss in your attendance upon God.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Psalms 27. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on 13 works. Open for the list.

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Psalms; Ambrose of Milan, Concerning Repentance 1.14.77; Arnobius the Younger, COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 27; Bill Johnson, Hosting the Presence (Core Values article, Bill Johnson Ministries); Charles Spurgeon; Cyril of Alexandria, LETTER 25:1; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); John Calvin, Commentary on the Book of Psalms; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765); Matthew Henry and Origen of Alexandria.

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