Joshuachapter 20
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Original Language
Joshua 20— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Cities of refuge for the man who kills unawares1
Joshua 20:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Joshua 20:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
דַּבֵּ֛רdaberspeakH1696אֶל־ʾel-toH413בְּנֵ֥יbenei[the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478לֵאמֹ֑רlemor<to> sayingH559תְּנ֤וּtenuassignH5414לָכֶם֙lakhemfor <the> yourselvesאֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עָרֵ֣יʾarei[the] cities ofH5892הַמִּקְלָ֔טhamiklat<the> refugeH4733אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834דִּבַּ֥רְתִּיdibartiI spokeH1696אֲלֵיכֶ֖םʾaleikhemto youH413בְּיַד־beyad-by [the] hand ofH3027מֹשֶֽׁה׃moshehMosesH4872
Joshua 20:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
לָנ֥וּסlanusto fleeH5127שָׁ֙מָּה֙shamahthere towardsH8033רוֹצֵ֔חַrotzeacha killerH7523מַכֵּה־makeh-[who] strikes downH5221נֶ֥פֶשׁnefesh<of> a personH5315בִּשְׁגָגָ֖הbishgagahby inadvertenceH7684בִּבְלִי־bivli-with notH1097דָ֑עַתdaatknowledgeH1847וְהָי֤וּvehayuand they will becomeH1961לָכֶם֙lakhemfor <the> youלְמִקְלָ֔טlemiklat<into> a refugeH4733מִגֹּאֵ֖לmigoelfrom [the] avenger ofH1350הַדָּֽם׃hadam<the> bloodH1818
Joshua 20:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְנָ֞סvenasand he will fleeH5127אֶל־ʾel-toH413אַחַ֣ת׀ʾachatoneH259מֵהֶעָרִ֣יםmehearimof the citiesH5892הָאֵ֗לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428וְעָמַד֙veamadand he will standH5975פֶּ֚תַחpetach[the] entrance ofH6607שַׁ֣עַרshaar[the] gate ofH8179הָעִ֔ירhairthe cityH5892וְדִבֶּ֛רvediberand he will speakH1696בְּאָזְנֵ֛יbeazeneiin [the] ears ofH241זִקְנֵ֥י־ziknei-[the] elders ofH2205הָעִֽירhair-the cityH5892הַהִ֖יאhahi'<the> thatH1931אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דְּבָרָ֑יוdevaravwords hisH1697וְאָסְפ֨וּveasefuand they will gatherH622אֹת֤וֹʾoto<obj.> himH853הָעִ֙ירָה֙hairahthe city towardsH5892אֲלֵיהֶ֔םʾaleihemto themselvesH413וְנָתְנוּ־venatenu-and they will giveH5414ל֥וֹloto <the> himמָק֖וֹםmakoma placeH4725וְיָשַׁ֥בveyashavand he will dwellH3427עִמָּֽם׃ʾimamwith themH5973
Joshua 20:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְכִ֨יvekhiand ifH3588יִרְדֹּ֜ףyirdofhe will pursueH7291גֹּאֵ֤לgoel[the] avenger ofH1350הַדָּם֙hadam<the> bloodH1818אַֽחֲרָ֔יוʾacharavafter himH310וְלֹֽא־velo'-and notH3808יַסְגִּ֥רוּyasgiruthey will deliver upH5462אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הָרֹצֵ֖חַharotzeachthe killerH7523בְּיָד֑וֹbeyadoin hand hisH3027כִּ֤יkiforH3588בִבְלִי־vivli-with notH1097דַ֙עַת֙daatknowledgeH1847הִכָּ֣הhikahhe struckH5221אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853רֵעֵ֔הוּreehuneighbor hisH7453וְלֹֽא־velo'-and notH3808שֹׂנֵ֥אsone'[was] hatingH8130ה֛וּאhu'heH1931ל֖וֹlo<to> <the> himמִתְּמ֥וֹלmitemolfrom yesterdayH8543שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃shilshom[the] third dayH8032
Joshua 20:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְיָשַׁ֣ב׀veyashavand he will dwellH3427בָּעִ֣ירbairin the cityH5892הַהִ֗יאhahi'<the> thatH1931עַד־ʾad-untilH5704עָמְד֞וֹamedostands heH5975לִפְנֵ֤יlifnei<to> beforeH6440הָֽעֵדָה֙haedahthe congregationH5712לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔טlamishpatfor <the> judgmentH4941עַד־ʾad-untilH5704מוֹת֙mot[the] death ofH4194הַכֹּהֵ֣ןhakohenthe priestH3548הַגָּד֔וֹלhagadol<the> greatH1419אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhoH834יִהְיֶ֖הyihyehhe will beH1961בַּיָּמִ֣יםbaiyamimin the daysH3117הָהֵ֑םhahem<the> thoseH1992אָ֣ז׀ʾazthenH227יָשׁ֣וּבyashuvhe will returnH7725הָרוֹצֵ֗חַharotzeachthe killerH7523וּבָ֤אuva'and he will goH935אֶל־ʾel-toH413עִירוֹ֙iroown city hisH5892וְאֶל־veel-and toH413בֵּית֔וֹbeitoown house hisH1004אֶל־ʾel-toH413הָעִ֖ירhairthe cityH5892אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whereH834נָ֥סnashe fledH5127מִשָּֽׁם׃mishamfrom thereH8033
Rashi on Joshua 20:6
Until he stands, etc. for judgement. If he is acquited from exile, he is discharged. If he is sentanced to exile, he is returned to the city of his refuge, and he must reside there until the death of the Kohein-godol.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997
Six cities named on both sides of Jordan7
Joshua 20:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּקְדִּ֜שׁוּvaiyakdishuand they set apartH6942אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853קֶ֤דֶשׁkedeshKedeshH6943בַּגָּלִיל֙bagalilin <the> GalileeH1551בְּהַ֣רbeharin [the] hill country ofH2022נַפְתָּלִ֔יnaftaliNaphtaliH5321וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853שְׁכֶ֖םshekhemShechemH7927בְּהַ֣רbeharin [the] hill country ofH2022אֶפְרָ֑יִםʾefrayimEphraimH669וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853קִרְיַ֥תkiryatKiriathH7153אַרְבַּ֛עʾarba'ArbaH7153הִ֥יאhi'thatH1931חֶבְר֖וֹןchevron[is] HebronH2275בְּהַ֥רbeharin [the] hill country ofH2022יְהוּדָֽה׃yehudahJudahH3063
Joshua 20:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּמֵעֵ֜בֶרumeeverand from [the] other sideH5676לְיַרְדֵּ֤ןleyardenof [the] JordanH3383יְרִיחוֹ֙yerichoof JerichoH3405מִזְרָ֔חָהmizrachaheast -wardH4217נָתְנ֞וּnatenuthey assignedH5414אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853בֶּ֧צֶרbetzerBezerH1221בַּמִּדְבָּ֛רbamidbarin the wildernessH4057בַּמִּישֹׁ֖רbamishorin the plainH4334מִמַּטֵּ֣הmimatehfrom [the] tribe ofH4294רְאוּבֵ֑ןreuvenReubenH7205וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853רָאמֹ֤תramotRamothH7216בַּגִּלְעָד֙bagiladin <the> GileadH1568מִמַּטֵּה־mimateh-from [the] tribe ofH4294גָ֔דgadGadH1410וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853גּוֹלָ֥ןgalonGolanH1474בַּבָּשָׁ֖ןbabashanin <the> BashanH1316מִמַּטֵּ֥הmimatehfrom [the] tribe ofH4294מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃menashehManassehH4519
Rashi on Joshua 20:8
And on the other side of the Jordan, from Yericho eastward. [These cities were set aside] during the days of Moshe, as it is said, “Betzer in the wilderness.” 1 Devorim:43.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997
Joshua 20:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
אֵ֣לֶּהʾelehtheseH428הָיוּ֩hayuthey wereH1961עָרֵ֨יʾarei[the] cities ofH5892הַמּֽוּעָדָ֜הhamuadah<the> appointingH4152לְכֹ֣ל׀lekholfor allH3605בְּנֵ֣יbenei[the] people ofH1121יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לyisraelIsraelH3478וְלַגֵּר֙velagerand for the sojournerH1616הַגָּ֣רhagarwho sojournsH1481בְּתוֹכָ֔םbetokhamin midst of themH8432לָנ֣וּסlanusto fleeH5127שָׁ֔מָּהshamahthere towardsH8033כָּל־kol-anyH3605מַכֵּה־makeh-[one who] strikes downH5221נֶ֖פֶשׁnefesh<of> a personH5315בִּשְׁגָגָ֑הbishgagahby inadvertenceH7684וְלֹ֣אvelo'and notH3808יָמ֗וּתyamuthe will dieH4191בְּיַד֙beyadby [the] hand ofH3027גֹּאֵ֣לgoel[the] avenger ofH1350הַדָּ֔םhadam<the> bloodH1818עַד־ʾad-untilH5704עָמְד֖וֹamedostands heH5975לִפְנֵ֥יlifnei<to> beforeH6440הָעֵדָֽה׃ פhaedahthe congregationH5712
Rashi on Joshua 20:9
That were set aside. They were prepared and set aside for this.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997