Ecclesiasteschapter 6
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A.Riches Given, and No Power to Eat Thereofvv. 1-6
Ecclesiastes 6:1-2
There is an evil which I have seen under the sun: The Preacher names the book's bleakest case as an evil common among men: God gives a man riches, wealth and honour, wanting nothing his soul desires, yet withholds the power to eat of it, so a stranger enjoys what the owner cannot touch. Henry reads the phrase power to eat as the real gift missing from the man's wealth, appetite and occasion granted or withheld apart from the money itself. Gill notes the same withholding runs the earlier refrain in reverse, there God gives both riches and the power to enjoy them together as one gift, here he splits them, and that split is called an evil disease.
Ecclesiastes 6:1, 1 voiceWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.
Ecclesiastes 6:1
“As it is with the blood in the natural body, so it is with the wealth of the body politic, if, instead of circulating, it stagnates, it will be of ill consequence.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ecclesiastes 6:2, 2 voices
Ecclesiastes 6:2
“What good is there for a person in this life? He lives in darkness and cannot be satisfied in his desires. And if he is sated with riches, he loses the enjoyment of his rest, because he is forced to guard the possessions he has acquired through his wretched greed. Thus he possesses them in greater wretchedness, seeing that they can do him no good. For what is more wretched than to be tormented with guarding them and derive no advantage from their abundance?”
Ambrose of Milan· written before 397· DEATH AS A GOOD 2:4patristic
Ecclesiastes 6:2
A man to whom God hath given riches - A man may possess much earthly goods, and yet enjoy nothing of them. Possession and fruition are not necessarily joined together; and this is also among the vanities of life. It is worthy of remark, that it belongs to God as much to give the power to enjoy as it does to give the earthly blessings. A wise heathen saw this: - Di tibi divitias dederant, artemque fruendi. Hor. Ep. lib. i., ep. 4, ver. 7. “The gods had given thee riches, and the art to enjoy them.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ecclesiastes 6:3-6
an untimely birth is better than he: The case grows harsher: even a man who fathers a hundred children and lives many years is judged worse off than a stillborn child, if his soul is not filled with good and he has no burial. Clarke reads verses 4 and 5 as the comparison's ground, the untimely birth comes and departs in darkness and its name is covered, yet it has more rest than the man who saw no good though he lived a thousand years twice told. The refrain do not all go to one place answers Genesis 3:19 in the Preacher's own key, the grave levels the man who had everything against the child who had nothing.
Ecclesiastes 6:3, 2 voices
Ecclesiastes 6:3
“In the East to be without burial is the greatest degradation. "Better the fruit that drops from the tree before it is ripe than that left to hang on till rotten" [HENRY].”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ecclesiastes 6:3
“The soul is not filled, so the word is. When God gave Israel their request he sent leanness into their souls, Ps. cvi. He was a fool who, when his barns were full, said, Soul, take thine ease.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ecclesiastes 6:4, 2 voices
Ecclesiastes 6:4
For he cometh in with vanity,.... The Targum adds, "into this world."
Ecclesiastes 6:4
“He - The abortive; of whom alone, that passage is true, hath not seen the sun, ver. 5. In vain - To no purpose; without any comfort or benefit by it. Departeth - Without any observation or regard of men.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
Ecclesiastes 6:5, 1 voice
Ecclesiastes 6:5
“On account of the inexperience of good, he adds: "he does not see the sun," in which namely there is delight and experience of good, according to what is said below in the eleventh chapter: "The light is sweet, and it is delightful for the …”
Bonaventure· written before 1257· Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Chapter 6patristic
Ecclesiastes 6:6, 3 voices
Ecclesiastes 6:6
“Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told,.... Or two thousand years, which no man ever did, nor even one thousand years; Methuselah, the oldest man, did not live so long as that; this is than twice the age of the oldest man: there is one sort of the Ethiopians, who are said (a) to live almost half space of time longer than usual, called from thence Macrobii; which Pliny (b) makes to be one hundred and forty years, which is just double the common term of life. This here is only a supposition.”
Ecclesiastes 6:6
“If the miser's length of "life" be thought to raise him above the abortive, Solomon answers that long life, without enjoying real good, is but lengthened misery, and riches cannot exempt him from going whither "all go." He is fit neither for life, nor death, nor eternity.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ecclesiastes 6:6
“He that lives a thousand years goes to the same place with the child that does not live an hour, ch. iii. The grave is the place we shall all meet in. Whatever differences there may be in men's condition in this world, they must all die, are all under the same sentence, and, to outward appearance, their deaths are alike.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
B.Who Knoweth What Is Good for Man in His Vain Days?vv. 7-12
Ecclesiastes 6:7-9
All the labour of man is for his mouth: The chapter turns from the extreme case to the common one: all the labour of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled, wanting outlasting every wage earned. The question what hath the wise more than the fool levels rank the way chapter 2 already levelled it, and Gill reads the poor man who knows to walk before the living as one who at least manages daily life, no small skill by the Preacher's own reckoning. The sight of the eyes is set above the wandering of desire as the better if lesser portion, itself still called vanity and vexation of spirit.
Ecclesiastes 6:7, 1 voiceWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.
Ecclesiastes 6:7
“Connect these verses with Ecc 6:2-3: “All labor is undertaken with a view to some profit, but as a rule the people who labor are never satisfied. What advantage then has he who labors if (being rich) he is wise, or if being poor he knows how to conduct himself properly; what advantage have such laborers above a fool? (None, so far as they are without contentment, for) a thing present before the eyes is preferable to a future which exists only in the desire.” Ecc 6:8 What - literally, what profit (as in Ecc 1:3).”
Ecclesiastes 6:8, 2 voices
Ecclesiastes 6:8
“For what hath the wise more than the fool? - They must both labor for the same end. Both depend upon the labor of themselves or others for the necessaries of life. Both must eat and drink in order to live; and the rich man can no more eat two meals at a time, than he can comfortably wear two changes of raiment. The necessaries of life are the same to both, and their condition in life is nearly similar; liable to the same diseases, dissolution, and death.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ecclesiastes 6:8
“Why, he is better beloved and more respected among his neighbours, and has a better interest than many a rich man that is griping and haughty. Why he has as much of the comfort of this life, has food and raiment, and is therewith content, and so is as truly rich as he that has abundance.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ecclesiastes 6:9, 3 voices
Ecclesiastes 6:9
"Better is what the eyes see than what is imagined. That, too, is futility and a vexation of the spirit." Symmachus interpreted this clearly, he says: "it is better to make provision, than to walk about as it pleases you". That is, it is better to do all things according to what you know to be right in your mind, which is the eye of the soul, than to follow the desire of your heart. For this is to wander in spirit, just as Ezekiel says: "he who walks by the desire of his heart" [Ezek. 11, 21.].
Jerome· written before 420· Commentary on Ecclesiastespatristic
Ecclesiastes 6:9
“Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire - This is translated by the Vulgate, as a sort of adage: Melius est videre quod cupias, quam desiderare quod nescias, “It is better to see what one desires than to covet what one knows not.” It is better to enjoy the present than to feed one’s self with vain desires of the future. What we translate the wandering of desire, מהלך נפש mehaloch nephesh, is the travelling of the soul. What is this? Does it simply mean desire?”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ecclesiastes 6:9
“This wandering of the desire is vanity and vexation of spirit. It is vanity at the best; if what is desired, be obtained, it proves not what we promised ourselves from it, but commonly the wandering desire is crossed and disappointed, and then it turns to vexation of spirit.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ecclesiastes 6:10-12
That which hath been is named already: The chapter closes in the questions that the better-than proverbs of chapter 7 will answer: whatever exists was named long ago, and it is known that it is man, who cannot contend with him that is mightier. Many things increase vanity without increasing profit, so the Preacher asks plainly what is man the better, and the closing question, who knoweth what is good for man, states the book's need for an answer from outside the search itself. Delitzsch reads the final line, who can tell a man what shall be after him under the sun, as the hinge the next chapters turn on, wisdom under the sun cannot see past the sun.
Ecclesiastes 6:10, 2 voices
Ecclesiastes 6:10
“That which hath been is named already - The Hebrew of this verse might be translated, “Who is he who is? His name has been already called. And it is known that he is Adam; and that he cannot contend in judgment with him who is stronger than he.” “What is more excellent than man; yet can he not, in the lawe, get the victory of him that is mightier than he.” - Coverdale. Adam is his name; and it at once points out, 1. His dignity; he was made in the image of God.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ecclesiastes 6:10
“That which hath been--man's various circumstances is named already--not only has existed, Ec 1:9; 3:15, but has received its just name, "vanity," long ago, and it is known that it--vanity is man--Hebrew, "Adam," equivalent to man "of red dust," as his Creator appropriately named him from his frailty. neither may he contend, &c.-- (Ro 9:20).”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ecclesiastes 6:11, 2 voices
Ecclesiastes 6:11
“Things - Namely, the various circumstances detailed in the foregoing chapters, from the Preacher’s personal experience, and his observation of other people, ending with the comprehensive declaration in Ecc 6:10 to the effect that vanity is an essential part of the constitution of creation as it now exists, and was foreknown. What is man the better? - Rather, what is profitable to man?”
Ecclesiastes 6:11
"Seeing" that man cannot escape from the "vanity," which by God's "mighty" will is inherent in earthly things, and cannot call in question God's wisdom in these dispensations (equivalent to "contend," &c.), what is man the better--of these vain things as regards the chief good?
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ecclesiastes 6:12, 1 voice
Ecclesiastes 6:12
“For who knoweth what is good for man in this life - Those things which we deem good are often evil. And those which we think evil are often good. So ignorant are we, that we run the greatest hazard in making a choice. It is better to leave ourselves and our concerns in the hands of the Lord, than to keep them in our own. For who can tell a man what shall be after him - Futurity is with God. While he lives, man wishes to know what is before him.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Where the chapter sits
Ecclesiastes 6 falls in The examination (chapters 2–11). Wisdom, pleasure, work, wealth, time, friendship, political order, religious observance, all tested and all found *hevel* under the sun. Interspersed with counsels of enjoyment (2:24–26, 3:12–13, 5:18–20, 8:15, 9:7–10), not hedonism, but reception of life as gift.
Before it: Prologue: the quest announced, chapters 1. After it: Conclusion: fear God, chapters 12.
The whole shape of Ecclesiastes→Key words
The Hebrew words this chapter turns on, by how often it uses them. Each one opens its word study.
| Word | What it means | Verses |
|---|---|---|
| אָדָםʼâdâm6 times, as הָאָדָֽם׃, הָאָדָ֖ם, אָדָ֑ם | humankind | 1, 7, 10, 11 and 1 more |
| הֶבֶלhebel5 times, as הֶ֛בֶל, בַהֶ֥בֶל, הֶ֖בֶל | futility | 2, 4, 9, 11 and 1 more |
| טוֹבṭôwb5 times, as הַטּוֹבָ֔ה, ט֥וֹב, וְטוֹבָ֖ה | the good | 3, 6, 9, 12 |
| נֶפֶשׁnephesh4 times, as לְנַפְשׁ֣וֹ׀, וְנַפְשׁוֹ֙, הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ | to appetite his | 2, 3, 7, 9 |
| הָלַךְhâlak4 times, as יֵלֵ֑ךְ, הוֹלֵֽךְ׃, לַהֲלֹ֖ךְ | it will go | 4, 6, 8, 9 |
| יָדַעyâdaʻ4 times, as יָדָ֑ע, יוֹדֵ֔עַ, וְנוֹדָ֖ע | to know | 5, 8, 10, 12 |
Cross references
The 8 chapters this one speaks with, most first. Open a row for the verses it shares.
Ecclesiastes 54 verses
Ecclesiastes 6:11
Ecclesiastes 5:7For in the multitude of dreams and many words there are also divers vanities: but fear thou God.Ecclesiastes 6:1
Ecclesiastes 5:13There is a sore evil which I have seen under the sun, namely, riches kept for the owners thereof to their hurt.Ecclesiastes 6:9
Ecclesiastes 5:18Behold that which I have seen: it is good and comely for one to eat and to drink, and to enjoy the good of all his labour that he taketh under the sun all the days of his life, which God giveth him: for it is his portion.Ecclesiastes 6:2
Ecclesiastes 5:19Every man also to whom God hath given riches and wealth, and hath given him power to eat thereof, and to take his portion, and to rejoice in his labour; this is the gift of God.- Read Ecclesiastes 5 →
Psalms 732 verses
Ecclesiastes 6:11
Psalms 73:6Therefore pride compasseth them about as a chain; violence covereth them as a garment.Ecclesiastes 6:2
Psalms 73:7Their eyes stand out with fatness: they have more than heart could wish.- Read Psalms 73 →
Job 32 verses
Ecclesiastes 6:5
Job 3:10Because it shut not up the doors of my mother’s womb, nor hid sorrow from mine eyes.Ecclesiastes 6:3
Job 3:16Or as an hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants which never saw light.- Read Job 3 →
Ecclesiastes 42 verses
Ecclesiastes 6:3
Ecclesiastes 4:3Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.Ecclesiastes 6:11
Ecclesiastes 4:16There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit.- Read Ecclesiastes 4 →
The rest of the chapters this one speaks with, 4 of them, for a reader following a thread past the four above
- Ecclesiastes 32 verses
- Psalms 171 verse
- Jeremiah 221 verse
- Psalms 901 verse
Cross-references from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and OpenBible.info.
The world behind itThe place, the time and the people around this chapter, for a reader who wants the setting.
The world behind this chapter
Ecclesiastes 6The history
The chapter names the three things everyone in that world wanted, riches, many children, and a long life, and then removes the one thing that made them count: "he hath no burial." To an ancient Israelite, being gathered to your fathers in the family tomb, with the bones of past generations in it, was the proper end of a life. Bodies were laid on rock shelves in a cave tomb and the bones later collected into a pit or box, so the family stayed together underground. Dying unburied, killed abroad, lost, or despised, was a horror.
"An untimely birth is better than he" invokes the stillborn child, who "cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness." It is the bleakest comparison the writer can make, and he makes it against a man with a hundred children and a long life.
"All the labour of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled." The word is nephesh, the appetite or the throat, the thing that has to be fed again tomorrow no matter how well it was fed today. Everyone from the field labourer to the king was working for the same mouth.
"Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire." The Hebrew is closer to "the wandering of the appetite", better what is actually in front of you than the roaming want that never lands anywhere.
What it meant to them
First hearers who could name every marker of a blessed life were being shown a man who scored full marks on all of them and was still, by the writer's judgment, worse off than a child who never drew breath.
The question that closes the chapter, "who knoweth what is good for man in this life?", is left open on purpose. The book is not finished answering it.
Sources cited
- Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions
- Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on the Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Ecclesiastes 6. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on 11 works. Open for the list.
This page draws on Adam Clarke; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Ambrose of Milan, DEATH AS A GOOD 2:4; Bonaventure, Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Chapter 6; Charles Bridges, An Exposition of the Book of Ecclesiastes; Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on the Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); Jerome, Commentary on Ecclesiastes; John Gill; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765) and Matthew Henry.
