Revelation 10:2
in Revelation 10He held in his hand a small scroll, which lay open. He placed his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
and he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left upon the earth;
KJV
And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth,
⋯
This verse in Revelation 10
Commentary
15 notes on this verseAnd he is said to have held in his hand a tiny open scroll [βιβλιδάριον]. Daniel, recalling such small scrolls [βιβλίων], says: "before him sat a judge, and scrolls [βίβλοι] were opened." (Dan. 7:10) The tiny scroll [βιβλιδάριον] was one in which were recorded the …
This site's exposition
wrapped in a cloud
on Revelation 10:1-2
The angel comes wrapped in a cloud, with a face like the sun, traits John gave Christ at 1:16, so some read a christophany. Others, noting the oath he swears in verse 6, read a created messenger, and both have holders.
This site's exposition
He held in his hand a small scroll
Wesley reads the small scroll in the hand of the angel as the rest of the sealed scroll of chapter 5, now open. Oecumenius sets the open scroll beside Daniel 7:10, where the books were opened. The Lamb had opened the seals of the first scroll.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers3 voices
A commentator
Victorinus of PettauCommentary on the Apocalypse of the Blessed John · Written before 304.
proposed
"I saw another mighty angel coming down from heaven, clothed with a cloud; and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire: and he had in his hand an open book: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot upon the earth." He signifies that that mighty angel who, he says, descended from heaven, clothed with a cloud, is our Lord, as we have above narrated. "His face was as it were the sun." That is, with respect to the resurrection. "Upon his head was a rainbow." He points to the judgment which is executed by Him, of shall be. "An open book." A revelation of works in the future judgment, or the Apocalypse which John received. "His feet," as we have said above, are the apostles. For that both things in sea and land are trodden under foot by Him, signifies that all things are placed under His feet. Moreover, he calls Him an angel, that is, a messenger, to wit, of the Father; for He is called the Messenger of great counsel. He says also that He cried with a loud voice. The great voice is to tell the words of the Omnipotent God of heaven to men, and to bear witness that after penitence is closed there will be no hope subsequently.
If earlier the deep secrets of the Old Testament were recognized to have been hidden in the sealed book, it is appropriate that the revealed grace of the New Testament is believed to be disclosed here in the opened book. Therefore, the apostle confidently says, …
With reason did his face shine "as the sun in full strength," for he opened the book that had been sealed in mystery. "He placed his right foot upon the sea and his left foot upon the land," so that he might confirm the precept …
The Medieval Church2 voices
And he had in his hand a little book open. The angel's hand is the working of our salvation, that is Christ's incarnation. The little book open is the declared grace of the New Testament. Note also that if the angel's face had not shone …
And he had in his hand a little book open. This is the book previously mentioned, which, long closed by its cover, was finally opened by the grace of the Lord, so that, according to the prophet, even the deaf might hear the words of …
7 more voices on this verse
The Medieval Church1 voice
And he set his right foot on the sea, and his left foot on the land. The preaching of the Christian faith is spread by land and sea. But, allegorically, stronger members are set in greater dangers, and others in suitable places. For God does …
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
And so St. John (as Patmos lies near Asia) could conveniently take the book out of his left hand. This sealed book was first in the right hand of him that sat on the throne: thence the Lamb took it, and opened the seals. And now this little book, containing the remainder of the other, is given opened, as it was, to St. John.
And he had in his hand a little book open,....
An account of seven thunders which the apostle heard, as echoing to the voice of this angel, and communicating some discoveries, which the apostle was not yet allowed to write,
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
he had--Greek, "Having." in his hand--in his left hand: as in Re 10:5 (see on Re 10:5), he lifts up his right hand to heaven. a little book--a roll little in comparison with the "book" (Re 5:1) which contained the whole vast scheme of God's purposes, not to be fully read till the final consummation.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase
A little book open - Meaning probably some design of God long concealed, but now about to be made manifest. But who knows what it means? His right foot upon the sea, and his left - on the earth - To show that he had the command of each, and that his power was universal, all things being under his feet.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
And he had in his hand a little book open - This is the first thing that indicated the purpose of his appearing, or that would give any distinct indication of the design of his coming from heaven. The general aspect of the angel, indeed, as represented in the former verse, was that of benignity, and his purpose, as there indicated, was light and peace. But still there was nothing which would denote the particular design for which he came, or which would designate the particular means which he would employ. Here we have, however, an emblem which will furnish an indication of what was to occur as the result of his appearing. To be able to apply this, it will be necessary, as in all similar cases, to explain the natural significancy of the emblem: (1) “The little book.” The word used here - βιβλαρίδιον biblaridion - occurs nowhere else in the New Testament except in Rev 10:8-10 of this chapter. The word βιβλίον biblion - “book” - occurs frequently: Mat 19:7; Mar 10:4 - applied to a bill of divorcement; Luk 4:17, Luk 4:20; Joh 20:30; Joh 21:25; Gal 3:10; 2Ti 4:13; Heb 9:19; Heb 10:7. In the Apocalypse this word is of common occurrence: Rev 1:11; Rev 5:1-5, Rev 5:7-9; Rev 6:14, rendered “scroll”; Rev 17:8; Rev 20:12; Rev 21:27; Rev 22:7, Rev 22:9-10, Rev 22:18-19. The word was evidently chosen here to denote something that was special in the size or form of the book, or to distinguish it from what would be designated by the ordinary word employed to denote a book. The word properly denotes “a small roll” or “volume”; a “little scroll” (Robinson’s Lexicon, Pollux. Onomast. vii. 210). It is evident that something was intended by the diminutive size of the book, or that it was designed to make a distinction between this and that which is indicated by the use of the word “book” in the other parts of the Apocalypse. […]
The words behind it
24 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἔχων | echon | having | G2192 → | 707 times |
| ἐν | en | in | G1722 → | 2738 times |
| τῇ | tea | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| χειρὶ | cheiri | hand | G5495 → | 175 times |
| αὐτοῦ | autou | of him | G846 → | 5565 times |
| βιβλαρίδιον | biblaridion | a little scroll | G974 → | 3 times |
| ἠνεῳγμένον | eneogmenon | opened | G455 → | 77 times |
| καὶ | kai | And | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἔθηκεν | etheken | he placed | G5087 → | 100 times |
| τὸν | ton | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| πόδα | poda | foot | G4228 → | 93 times |
| αὐτοῦ | autou | of him | G846 → | 5565 times |
| τὸν | ton | <the> | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| δεξιὸν | dexion | right | G1188 → | 53 times |
| ἐπὶ | epi | upon | G1909 → | 883 times |
| τῆς | tes | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| θαλάσσης, | thalasses | sea, | G2281 → | 90 times |
| τὸν | ton | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| δὲ | de | and | G1161 → | 2765 times |
| εὐώνυμον | euonumon | left | G2176 → | |
| ἐπὶ | epi | upon | G1909 → | 883 times |
| τῆς | tes | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| γῆς, | ges | earth, | G1093 → | 248 times |
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἔχωνhaving
echonG2192 →707 times
ἐνin
enG1722 →2738 times
τῇthe
teaG3588 →19766 times
χειρὶhand
cheiriG5495 →175 times
αὐτοῦof him
autouG846 →5565 times
βιβλαρίδιονa little scroll
biblaridionG974 →3 times
ἠνεῳγμένονopened
eneogmenonG455 →77 times
καὶAnd
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἔθηκενhe placed
ethekenG5087 →100 times
τὸνthe
tonG3588 →19766 times
πόδαfoot
podaG4228 →93 times
αὐτοῦof him
autouG846 →5565 times
τὸν<the>
tonG3588 →19766 times
δεξιὸνright
dexionG1188 →53 times
ἐπὶupon
epiG1909 →883 times
τῆςthe
tesG3588 →19766 times
θαλάσσης,sea,
thalassesG2281 →90 times
τὸνthe
tonG3588 →19766 times
δὲand
deG1161 →2765 times
εὐώνυμονleft
euonumonG2176 →
ἐπὶupon
epiG1909 →883 times
τῆςthe
tesG3588 →19766 times
γῆς,earth,
gesG1093 →248 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Matthew 28:18Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me.
it leads to
- John 3:35
The Father loves the Son and has placed all things in His hands.
- 1 Peter 3:22
who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers subject to Him.
- Matthew 11:27
All things have been entrusted to Me by My Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses…
- Ephesians 1:20–22
which He exerted in Christ when He raised Him from the dead and seated Him at His right hand in the heavenly realms,
- Hebrews 2:8
and placed everything under his feet.” When God subjected all things to him, He left nothing outside of his control. Yet at present we do not see everything subject to him.
- John 3:35
Through
Revelation 10:5Then the angel I had seen standing on the sea and on the land lifted up his right hand to heaven.
it leads to
- Daniel 12:7
And the man dressed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, raised his right hand and his left hand toward heaven, and I heard him swear by Him who lives forever,…
- Deuteronomy 32:40
For I lift up My hand to heaven and declare: As surely as I live forever,
- Acts 14:15
“Men, why are you doing this? We too are only men, human like you. We are bringing you good news that you should turn from these worthless things to the living God, who made…
- Daniel 12:7
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About Revelation

This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Alcuin of York, COMMENTARY ON REVELATION; Bede, Commentary on Revelation; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Oecumenius, Commentary on Revelation; Primasius of Hadrumetum, COMMENTARY ON THE APOCALYPSE 10:2; Ticonius, COMMENTARY ON THE APOCALYPSE 10:2 and Victorinus of Pettau, Commentary on the Apocalypse of the Blessed John.
