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Ezekiel 1:23

in Ezekiel 1

And under the expanse, their wings stretched out toward one another. Each one also had two wings covering its body.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toward the other: every one had two which covered on this side, and every one had two which covered on that side, their bodies.

KJV

And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toward the other: every one had two, which covered on this side, and every one had two, which covered on that side, their bodies.

This verse in Ezekiel 1

Commentary

9 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

Every one had two, which covered on this side - While they employed two of their wings to form a foundation for the firmament to rest on, two other wings were let down to cover the lower part of their bodies: but this they did only when they stood, Eze 1:24.

This site's exposition

an awesome expanse, gleaming like crystal

on Ezekiel 1:22-25

Over the creatures’ heads was “the likeness of an awesome expanse, gleaming like crystal.” When they moved, their wings sounded “like the roar of many waters, like the voice of the Almighty.” When they stood still they lowered their wings, and “there came a voice from above the expanse.”

This site's exposition

their wings stretched out toward one another

Under the expanse the wings of the creatures stretched out toward one another. Two more wings covered each body. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown fit this to verse 11: the upper pair covered the upper body, and the lower pair covered the rest.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ezekiel · Written before 420.

proposed

(Verse 22 onwards) And the likeness above the heads of the living creatures was like the appearance of a crystal dreadful ice; extended above their heads was what appeared to be a firmament. Under the firmament their wings were straight, one toward another. Each of them had two wings that covered their bodies, and each one had two wings that covered one side. And I heard the sound of the wings, like the sound of many waters, like the sound of the Almighty God.

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Gregory the Dialogist

Homilies on Ezekiel, Book 1, Homily 7 · Written before 604.

proposed

"Each one covered his body with two wings, and another was similarly covered." We have already said above that action is signified by the body, while virtues are signified by the wings. And when he says: "Under the firmament their wings were straight, one toward the other," we must ask how it is added: "Each one covered its body with two wings." In this matter it is clearly indicated that they both extended their wings toward one another, and yet they covered their own body with two wings. What is this, except that we ought to bestow upon others the virtues we have received, while not ceasing to think carefully about those things in which we have sinned, and to lament our guilt daily through fear and penitence? For we have said above that the two wings by which the body is covered are fear and penitence. Therefore let us so grow in charity that we extend our wings toward our neighbors; and let us never cease to think about and lament ourselves. Let wings be extended toward one another, let wings cover the bodies, so that we both offer examples of good actions, and fear and penitence hide from judgment the evil things we have done. In the old translation it is said of these wings: "Two were joined to each one, and covering their bodies." In these words it is understood that those same wings that were joined one to another were also those that covered their bodies. This is rightly understood figuratively, because those virtues protect us before almighty God which we impart and join to our neighbors out of charity; while we live in harmony with them, we cover over the evil things we have done. Therefore by these wings can also be understood the two precepts of charity, namely love of God and of neighbor. For by loving God, we pursue our own evils within ourselves, that is, we cover the body. […]

A commentator

Gregory the Dialogist

Homilies on Ezekiel, Book 1, Homily 7 · Written before 604.

proposed

Hence it is fittingly added soon after: "And under the firmament their wings were straight, one toward the other."

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toward the other,....

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

straight--erect [FAIRBAIRN], expanded upright. two . . . two . . . covered . . . bodies--not, as it might seem, contradicting Eze 1:11. The two wings expanded upwards, though chiefly used for flying, yet up to the summit of the figure where they were parted from each other, covered the upper part of the body, while the other two wings covered the lower parts.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase

1 more voice on this verse

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

Every one had two, which covered ... - Or, each one had two wings covering his body on either side.

The words behind it

17 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וְתַ֙חַת֙and under

    vetachatH8478 →505 times

  • הָרָקִ֔יעַthe expanse

    harakia'H7549 →17 times

  • כַּנְפֵיהֶ֣םwings their

    kanfeihemH3671 →109 times

  • יְשָׁר֔וֹת[were] straight

    yesharotH3477 →

  • אִשָּׁ֖הeach

    ʾishahH802 →781 times

  • אֶל־to

    ʾel-H413 →5510 times

  • אֲחוֹתָ֑הּsister its

    ʾachotahH269 →114 times

  • לְאִ֗ישׁ[belonged] to each

    leishH376 →1663 times

  • שְׁתַּ֤יִםtwo [wings]

    shetayimH8147 →768 times

  • מְכַסּוֹת֙covering

    mekhasotH3680 →152 times

  • לָהֵ֔נָּה<to> them

    lahenah

  • וּלְאִ֗ישׁ<and> [belonged] to each

    uleishH376 →1663 times

  • שְׁתַּ֤יִםtwo [wings]

    shetayimH8147 →768 times

  • מְכַסּוֹת֙covering

    mekhasotH3680 →152 times

  • לָהֵ֔נָּה<to> them

    lahenah

  • אֵ֖ת<obj.>

    ʾetH853 →10935 times

  • גְּוִיֹּתֵיהֶֽם׃bodies their

    geviyoteihemH1472 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Ezekiel 1:24

    When the creatures moved, I heard the sound of their wings like the roar of many waters, like the voice of the Almighty, like the tumult of an army. When they stood still, they…

    it leads to

    • Ezekiel 43:2

      and I saw the glory of the God of Israel coming from the east. His voice was like the roar of many waters, and the earth shone with His glory.

    • Daniel 10:6

      His body was like beryl, his face like the brilliance of lightning, his eyes like flaming torches, his arms and legs like the gleam of polished bronze, and his voice like the sound of…

    • Psalms 29:3–9

      The voice of the LORD is over the waters; the God of glory thunders; the LORD is heard over many waters.

    • Revelation 1:15

      His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and His voice was like the roar of many waters.

    • Revelation 19:6

      And I heard a sound like the roar of a great multitude, like the rushing of many waters, and like a mighty rumbling of thunder, crying out: “Hallelujah! For the Lord our God the…

  • Through

    Luke 17:10

    So you also, when you have done everything commanded of you, should say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have only done our duty.’”

    it leads to

    • 1 Corinthians 9:16–17

      Yet when I preach the gospel, I have no reason to boast, because I am obligated to preach. Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel!

    • 1 Peter 5:5–6

      Young men, in the same way, submit yourselves to your elders. And all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because, “God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.”

    • Job 22:2–3

      “Can a man be of use to God? Can even a wise man benefit Him?

Where this verse is studied

About Ezekiel

The Prophet Ezekiel — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The Prophet Ezekiel — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Gregory the Dialogist, Homilies on Ezekiel, Book 1, Homily 7; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament.