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Jobchapter 7

21 verses · KJVJob book hub →

Key verse

I have sinned; what shall I do unto thee, O thou preserver of men? why hast thou set me as a mark against thee, so that I am a burden to myself?

It stands in scene B of the chapter, verses 11 to 21.

The chapter

Chapter summary

Job turns from his friends to God. Man's life is a hard-served warfare, his nights measured out with tossing; 'my days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle, and are spent without hope' (7:6). He will not refrain his mouth, he will speak in the anguish of his spirit. Am I a sea, or a sea-monster, that thou settest a watch over me? Then Psalm 8 turned inside out: 'What is man, that thou shouldest magnify him… and that thou shouldest visit him every morning?' (7:17-18). Let me alone; my days are vanity. Why hast thou set me as a mark for thee, so that I am a burden to myself?

Context

Poetry · Unknown · Job overview

Where the chapter sits

Job 7 falls in Dialogue: three cycles (chapters 3–27). Job's opening complaint (3); three rounds with Eliphaz, Bildad, Zophar; the friends' rigid retribution theology; the third cycle breaks: Zophar does not speak again. The dialogue exhausts itself as argument.

Before it: Prose prologue: heavenly court, chapters 1–2. After it: Hymn to wisdom, chapters 28.

The whole shape of Job

The world behind this chapter

Job 7
When
The patriarchal age (traditional view), the first round: Job turns from the friends to God · Setting c. 2000-1800 BC; continuing the same reply
Where
The ash heap, through a sleepless night
Who first heard it
Hearers who worked hard days and had lain awake through worse nights

The history

Job compares his life to two working men everyone knew. The first is the conscript or forced labourer, serving a fixed term he cannot shorten. The second is the hired day-labourer, who works in the sun watching the shadows and is paid only at sundown, which is why the Law later insisted his wage be handed over the same day. Both men live for the end of the shift, and Job says his shift never ends.

The rest of the history, and what it meant to them

The weaver's shuttle is the other trade image: thrown back and forth across the loom faster than the eye follows, and then the thread runs out. Ancient looms were upright, worked standing, and everyone had watched one.

The physical description is unsparing and specific, flesh clothed with worms and crusts of dirt, skin breaking open and running, nights of tossing until dawn, and the fear of sleep itself because of the dreams. This is the sickness of chapter 2 seen from inside.

The last section takes a line of Psalm 8 and turns it inside out. 'What is man, that thou shouldest magnify him?', but where the psalm marvels that God pays attention to so small a creature, Job asks to be left alone. He calls himself a 'watcher of men' target, asks why God will not look away long enough for him to swallow his spit, and wonders whether he is the sea or a sea-monster that has to be kept under guard.

What it meant to them

This is the chapter where Job stops arguing with his friends and starts addressing God directly, and he never really stops again. That move is the book's real argument: the sufferer who talks to God is doing better than the counsellors who only talk about him.

Hearers in Israel would have felt both the shock and the permission. The complaint is bitter enough to be uncomfortable in a worship gathering, and it was preserved and read anyway.

Sources cited

  • John E. Hartley, The Book of Job
  • Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions

Every work MannaFest builds on →

A. Job: My Days Are Swifter Than a Weaver's Shuttle

1. (vv. 1-3)

a.Is there not an appointed time: Job reads his own life through the figure of a hired laborer, a man bound to a term he did not choose and cannot shorten. Henry notes that the hireling looks for evening the way Job now looks for death, both waiting on a wage they have not yet received. So am I made to possess months of vanity turns the complaint from a single bad day into an entire allotted season, which is Job's answer to the friends' assumption that his suffering is a passing correction.

Job 7:1, 2 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.

Job 7:1

The life of man upon earth is a warfare. In this passage in the old Translation the life of man is not called 'a warfare' at all, but 'a trial,' yet if the meaning of either word be regarded, the sound that meets the ear outwardly is different, yet they make one and the same concordant meaning. For what is represented by the title of 'a trial,' saving our contest with evil spirits? and what by the designation of 'a warfare,' but an exercising against our enemies?

Job 7:1

Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? - Margin, or, warfare. The word used here צבא tsâbâ' means properly a host, an army, see the notes, Isa 1:9; then it means warfare, or the hard service of a soldier; notes, Isa 40:2. Here it means that man on the earth was enlisted, so to speak, for a certain time. He had a certain and definite hard service to perform, and which he must continue to discharge until he was relieved by death.

Job 7:2, 1 voice

Job 7:2

Earnestly desireth the shadow - As a man who labors hard in the heat of the day earnestly desires to get under a shade, or wishes for the long evening shadows, that he may rest from his labor, get his day’s wages, retire to his food, and then go to rest.

Job 7:3, 1 voice

Job 7:3

So am I made to possess - Hebrew I am made to inherit. The meaning is, that such sad and melancholy seasons now were his only portion. Months of vanity - That is, months which were destitute of comfort; in other words, months of affliction. How long his trials had continued before this, we have no means of ascertaining. There is no reason, however, to suppose that his bodily sufferings came upon him all at once, or that they had not continued for a considerable period.

2. (vv. 4-6)

a.When I lie down: The night that should end labor only starts a new one for Job, full of tossings to and fro unto the dawning of the day. Clarke reads my flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust as the disease's own crust, the skin broken and running until it hardens and cracks again. My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle turns speed itself into grief, since a swift life spent without hope is not a mercy but a shorter sentence.

Job 7:4, 1 voice

Job 7:4

Literally, "When shall be the flight of the night?" [GESENIUS]. UMBREIT, not so well, "The night is long extended"; literally, "measured out" (so Margin).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Job 7:5, 2 voices

Job 7:5

My flesh is clothed with worms - Job here undoubtedly refers to his diseased state, and this is one of the passages by which we may learn the nature of his complaint; compare the notes at Job 2:7. There is reference here to the worms which are produced in ulcers and in other forms of disease. Michaelis remarks that such effects are produced often in the elephantiasis. Bochart, Hieroz. P. II, Lib. IV. c. xxvi. pp. 619–621, has abundantly proved that such effects occur in disease, and has mentioned several instances where death ensued from this cause; compare Act 12:

Job 7:5

His sores bred worms, the scabs were like clods of dust, and his skin was broken; so evil was the disease which cleaved fast to him. See what vile bodies we have, and what little reason we have to pamper them or be proud of them; they have in themselves the principles of their own corruption: as fond as we are of them now, the time may come when we may loathe them and long to get rid of them.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Job 7:6, 2 voices

Job 7:6

My days are past more swiftly than a web is cut off by the weaver. By a very suitable image the time of the flesh is compared to a web. For as the web advances by threads, so this mortal life by the several days; but in proportion as it grows to its bigness, it is advancing to its cutting off. For as we have also said above, whilst the time in our hands passes, the time before us is shortened.

Job 7:6

Swifter than a weaver’s shuttle - The word ארג areg signifies rather the weaver than his shuttle. And it has been doubted whether any such instrument were in use in the days of Job. Dr. Russell, in his account of Aleppo, shows that though they wove many kinds of curious cloth, yet no shuttle was used, as they conducted every thread of the woof by their fingers.

3. (vv. 7-10)

a.my life is wind: Job asks God to remember what Job himself cannot forget, that his life is wind and his eye shall no more see good. Barnes notes the reasoning behind he that goeth down to the grave shall come up no more: Job speaks within the Old Testament's ordinary hope of Sheol, a return to dust rather than a settled doctrine of resurrection, which is why the later reach of 19:25-26 stands out as far as it does. He shall return no more to his house states the plain fact of mortality without yet claiming anything beyond it.

Job 7:7, 1 voice

Job 7:7

He is now in a softer mood; a beam from former days of prosperity falling upon memory and the thought of the unseen world, where one is seen no more (Job 7:8), drew from him an expression of regret at leaving this world of light (Ec 11:7); so Hezekiah (Isa 38:11). Grace rises above nature (2Co 5:8).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Job 7:8, 2 voices

Job 7:8

The eye of man shall not see me. For 'the eye of Man' is the pity of the Redeemer, which softens the hardness of our insensibility, when it looks upon us. Hence, as the Gospel witnesses, it is said, And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord. And he went out, and wept bitterly. But the soul when divested of the flesh 'the eye of Man' doth not henceforth at all regard, in that it never delivers him after death, whom grace doth not restore to pardon before death.

Job 7:8

The eye of him who beholds me (present, not past), that is, in the very act of beholding me, seeth me no more. Thine eyes are upon me, and I am not--He disappears, even while God is looking upon him.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Job 7:9, 1 voice

Job 7:9

As the cloud is consumed and vanisheth away - This image is taken from the light and fleecy clouds, which become smaller and smaller until they wholly vanish. For an illustration of a similar phrase, see the notes at Isa 44:22. To the grave - - שׁאול she'ôl. Septuagint, εἰς ᾅδην eis hadēn, to Hades. The word may mean grave, or the place of departed spirits; see Isa 5:14, note; Isa 14:9, note; compare the notes at Job 10:21-22. Either signification will apply here. Shall come up no more - Shall no more live on the earth.

1 more voice on this verse
Job 7:10, 2 voices

Job 7:10

He shall return no more to his house, neither shall his place know him any more - He does not mean that he shall be annihilated but that he shall never more become an inhabitant of the earth. The word שאול, which we properly enough translate grave, here signifies also the state of the dead, hades, and sometimes any deep pit, or even hell itself.

Job 7:10

The rich man in hell desired that Lazarus might be sent to his house, knowing it was to no purpose to ask that he might have leave to go himself. Glorified saints shall return no more to the cares, and burdens, and sorrows of their house; nor damned sinners to the gaieties and pleasures of their house.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

B. Job: Why Hast Thou Set Me as a Mark for Thee?

1. (vv. 11-12)

a.I will not refrain my mouth: Job announces the policy the rest of the book will hold him to: I will complain in the bitterness of my soul rather than perform a silence he does not feel. Am I a sea, or a whale, that thou settest a watch over me reads God's attention as a guard set on a dangerous thing, not a father's care. Delitzsch notes the irony the reader can see and Job cannot, that a watch has in fact been set on him, though by the wager of chapters 1 and 2 rather than by any menace in him.

Job 7:11, 1 voice

Job 7:11

Therefore, as such is my hard lot, I will at least have the melancholy satisfaction of venting my sorrow in words. The Hebrew opening words, "Therefore I, at all events," express self-elevation [UMBREIT].

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Job 7:12, 2 voices

Job 7:12

Am I a sea, or a whale - “Am I condemned as the Egyptians were who were drowned in the Red Sea? or am I as Pharaoh, who was drowned in it in his sins, that thou settest a keeper over me?” Targum. Am I as dangerous as the sea, that I should be encompassed about with barriers, lest I should hurt mankind? Am I like an ungovernable wild beast or dragon, that I must be put under locks and bars? I think our own version less exceptionable than any other hitherto given of this verse.

Job 7:12

JOB was in great pain when he thus bitterly complained. These moans came from him when his skin was broken and had become loathsome and he sat upon a dunghill and scraped himself with a potsherd. We are amazed at his patience, but we are not amazed at his impatience! He had fits of complaining and failed in that very patience for which he was noted. Where God's saints are most glorious, there you will find their spots. The weaknesses of the saints lie near their strength. Elijah is the bravest of the brave and flees from Jezebel.

2. (vv. 13-16)

a.My bed shall comfort me: Even sleep is taken from Job as a refuge: my bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my complaint, and God answers with dreams and terrifying visions instead. So that my soul chooseth strangling, and death rather than my life is the book's plainest statement of a wish to die, and Gill reads it as the extremity of a man worn past the ordinary patience of suffering rather than a settled resolve to act. Let me alone, for my days are vanity restates 7:6 from the far side of a sleepless night.

Job 7:13, 2 voices

Job 7:13

When I say my bed shall comfort me, I shall be eased in speaking with myself on my couch, then Thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me through visions. For in Holy Writ a 'bed,' a 'couch,' or 'litter,' is usually taken for the secret depth of the heart. For it is hence that under the likeness of each separate soul, the Spouse, urged by the piercing darts of holy love, says in the Song of Songs, By night on my bed I sought him, whom my soul loveth.

Job 7:13

When I say, My bed shall comfort me - The idea in this verse and the following is, that there was no intermission to his sorrows. Even the times when people usually sought repose were to him times of distress. Then he was disturbed and alarmed by the most frightful dreams and visions, and sleep fled from him. Shall ease my complaint - The word rendered “shall ease” ישׂא yı̂śâ' means rather, shall bear; that is, shall lighten or sustain. The meaning is, that he sought relief on his bed.

Job 7:14, 2 voices

Job 7:14

Then Thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me through visions. But lest anyone should be at pains to make out these words after the literal sense, it is of great importance to find out in how many ways the mind is affected by images from dreams. For sometimes dreams are engendered of fulness or emptiness of the belly, sometimes of illusion, sometimes of illusion and thought combined, sometimes of revelation, while sometimes they are engendered of imagination, thought, and revelation together.

Job 7:14

Thou sparest me with dreams - There is no doubt that Satan was permitted to haunt his imagination with dreadful dreams and terrific appearances; so that, as soon as he fell asleep, he was suddenly roused and alarmed by those appalling images. He needed rest by sleep, but was afraid to close his eyes because of the horrid images which were presented to his imagination. Could there be a state more deplorable than this?

Job 7:15, 2 voices

Job 7:15

So that my soul - So that I; the soul being put for himself. Chooseth strangling - Dr. Good renders it “suffocation,” and supposes that Job alludes to the oppression of breathing, produced by what is commonly called the night-mare, and that he means that he would prefer the sense of suffocation excited at such a time to the terrible images before his mind. Herder renders it, death. Jerome, suspendium. The Septuagint, “Thou separatest (ἀπαλλάξεις apallaceis) my life from my spirit, and my bones from death;” but what idea they attached to it, it is impossible now to tell.

Job 7:15

Perhaps the meaning is simply, "My soul chooses (even) strangling (or any violent death) rather than my life," literally, "my bones" (Ps 35:10); that is, rather than the wasted and diseased skeleton, left to him.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Job 7:16, 1 voice

Job 7:16

I loathe it; I would not live alway - Life, in such circumstances, is hateful to me; and though I wish for long life, yet if length of days were offered to me with the sufferings which I now undergo, I would despise the offer and spurn the boon. Mr. Good is not satisfied with our common version, and has adopted the following, which in his notes he endeavors to illustrate and defend: Job 7:15 So that my soul coveteth suffocation, And death in comparison with my suffering. Job 7:16 No longer would I live! O, release me!

3. (vv. 17-19)

a.What is man, that thou shouldest magnify him?: Job takes Psalm 8:4's question, what is man, that thou art mindful of him, and turns it against itself: the visitation the psalm blesses, Job feels as a watch kept on a prisoner. Delitzsch and other commentators note the inversion by name, that the same fact of God's constant attention reads as glory in one poem and as surveillance in this one, and the difference is entirely the state of the man asking. Till I swallow down my spittle is proverbial for the shortest possible respite, and Job cannot get even that much.

Job 7:17, 2 voices

Job 7:17

Job ought rather to have reasoned from God's condescending so far to notice man as to try him, that there must be a wise and loving purpose in trial. David uses the same words, in their right application, to express wonder that God should do so much as He does for insignificant man. Christians who know God manifest in the man Christ Jesus may use them still more.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Job 7:17

What, &c. - What is there in that poor, mean, creature called man, miserable man, as this word signifies, which can induce thee to take any notice of him, or to make such account of him? Man is not worthy of thy favour, and he is below thy anger; that thou shouldest concern thyself so much about him, as one near and dear to thee?

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

Job 7:18, 1 voice

Job 7:18

With each new day (Ps 73:14). It is rather God's mercies, not our trials, that are new every morning (La 3:23). The idea is that of a shepherd taking count of his flock every morning, to see if all are there [COCCEIUS].

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Job 7:19, 2 voices

Job 7:19

How long wilt thou not depart? - How long is this to continue? The same word occurs in Job 14:6. The word rendered “depart” שׁעה shâ‛âh means to look, to look around, and then to look away from anyone or anything. The idea here is, that God had fixed his eyes upon Job, and he asks with anxiety, how long this was to continue, and when he would turn his eyes away; compare the notes at Job 7:8. Schultens supposes that the metaphor here is taken from combatants, who never take their eyes from their antagonists.

Job 7:19

How long (like a jealous keeper) wilt thou never take thine eyes off (so the Hebrew for "depart from") me? Nor let me alone for a brief respite (literally, "so long as I take to swallow my spittle"), an Arabic proverb, like our, "till I draw my breath."

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

4. (vv. 20-21)

a.I have sinned: ; what shall I do unto thee, O thou preserver of men holds confession and complaint together in one breath, a concession offered without Job knowing what the offense was. Why hast thou set me as a mark against thee protests that even a real fault would not explain an assault this total, so that I am a burden to myself. Henry reads for now shall I sleep in the dust; and thou shalt seek me in the morning, but I shall not be as Job's closing plea that death would settle the account before any answer comes, the same longing that opened the chapter.

Job 7:20, 2 voices

Job 7:20

I have sinned; what shall I do unto Thee, O Thou Preserver of men? Observe how he confesses the ill that he has done, but the good that he should present to God in compensation, he no where can find, in that all virtue whatever of human practice is without power to wash out the guilt of sin, except His mercifulness in sparing foster it, and not His justice in judging press hard upon it.

Job 7:20

I have sinned; what shall I do - Dr. Kennicott contends that these words are spoken to Eliphaz, and not to God, and would paraphrase them thus: “You say I must have been a sinner. What then? I have not sinned against thee, O thou spy upon mankind! Why hast thou set up me as a butt or mark to shoot at? Why am I become a burden unto thee? Why not rather overlook my transgression, and pass by mine iniquity? I am now sinking to the dust!

1 more voice on this verse
Job 7:21, 3 voices

Job 7:21

And why dost Thou not take away my transgression, and remove mine iniquity? By which same words, what else is intimated but the desire of the expected Mediator, concerning Whom John saith, Behold the Lamb of God, Which taketh away the sin of the world. Or rather sin is then completely taken away from mankind, when our corruption is changed in the glory of incorruption.

Job 7:21

NO man should rest until he is sure that his sin is forgiven. It may be forgiven and he may be sure that it is forgiven—and he ought not to give rest to his eyes, nor slumber to his eyelids till he has been assured, with absolute certainty that his transgression is pardoned and that his iniquity is taken away. You, dear Friends, may be patient under suffering, but not patient under sin.

Job 7:21

It is a figure, from one seeking a sick man in the morning, and finding he has died in the night. So Job implies that, if God does not help him at once, it will be too late, for he will be gone. The reason why God does not give an immediate sense of pardon to awakened sinners is that they think they have a claim on God for it.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Job 7. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on 9 works. Open for the list.

This page draws on Adam Clarke; Albert Barnes; Charles Spurgeon; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Book of Job; Gregory the Dialogist, Morals on the Book of Job, Book VIII; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765) and Matthew Henry.

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