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Song of Solomon 1:12

in Song of Solomon 1

While the king was at his table, my perfume spread its fragrance.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

While the king sat at his table, My spikenard sent forth its fragrance.

KJV

While the king sitteth at his table, my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof.

This verse in Song of Solomon 1

Commentary

16 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

Against Jovinianus 1.30 · Written before 420.

Let us hear what the bride says before that the bridegroom comes to earth, suffers, descends to the lower world, and rises again. "We will make for you likenesses of gold with ornaments of silver while the king sits at his table." Before the Lord rose again and the gospel shone, the bride had not gold but likenesses of gold. As for the silver, however, which she professes to have at the marriage, she not only had silver ornaments, but she had them in variety—in widows, in the continent and in the married.

This site's exposition

While the king was at his table

on Song of Solomon 1:12-14

While the king sits at his table, "my perfume spread its fragrance." She calls him "a sachet of myrrh resting between my breasts." He is also "a cluster of henna blossoms in the vineyards of En-gedi," an oasis by the Dead Sea known for its balsam groves.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers2 voices

A commentator

Theodoret of Cyrus

COMMENTARY ON THE SONG OF SONGS 1 · Written before 458.

proposed

Logically they said "golden ornaments" and not gold itself, since the bridegroom's presents are greater, and his servants' do not have equal splendor. Hence we show the divine Gospels greater respect, though we also respect the law and the prophets and the writings of the …

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

ON THE TRINITY 1:8.16 · Written before 430.

proposed

The Father will then be revealed by the Son, "when He shall have put down all rule, and all authority, and all power;" that is, in such wise that there shall be no more need of any economy of similitudes, by means of angelic rulers, and authorities, and powers. Of whom that is not unfitly understood, which is said in the Song of Songs to the bride, "We will make thee borders of gold, with studs of silver, while the King sitteth at His table;" that is, as long as Christ is in His secret place: since "your life is hid with Christ in God; when Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with Him in glory." Before which time, "we see now through a glass, in an enigma," that is, in similitudes, "but then face to face."

The Medieval Church3 voices

A commentator

Bede

Homilies on the Gospels 2:4 · Written before 735.

proposed

There comes about in our case too what follows: "And the house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment." In accord with our capacity will the world be filled with the renown of our devotion, by which we prove that we venerate and love …

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on the Song of Songs · Written before 735.

proposed

As long as the king is at his recline. That is, as long as Christ is in his secret, and has not yet appeared to us in the glory of his Father, to render to each according to his work. Then indeed, as Isaiah says: …

A commentator

Robert of Tombelaine

Commentary on the Song of Songs, Chapter 1 · Written in the 11th century.

proposed

The king then entered his couch, when our Lord Jesus Christ bodily penetrated the interior of heaven. While he rested there, the nard of the bride gave forth its fragrance; because the virtue of the holy Church spread the sweet fame of its goodness far …
9 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on the Song of Songs · Written before 735.

proposed

While the king was at his table, etc. However, he calls the king's table the time of his incarnation, through which he deigned to humble himself for us and be lowered so that we might be raised. In this table, he also wished to refresh …

A commentator

Bernard of Clairvaux

Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 42 · Written before 1153.

proposed

SERMON 42 — FRATERNAL CORRECTION: TWO KINDS OF HUMILITY "While the king was on his couch, my nard gave forth its fragrance." These are the bride's words that we have left until today. This is the answer she gave when rebuked by the Bridegroom, not …

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

Sendeth - This denotes the exercise and manifestation of her graces, which is a sweet smelling savour in the nostrils of her husband, and of her companies.
While the King sitteth at his table,.... These are the words of the church, relating what influence the presence of Christ, her Lord and King, had upon the exercise of her graces, while he was keeping the nuptial feast, on account of his marriage with her.

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

If he withdraw, graces wither and languish, as plants in the absence of the sun; if he approach, the face of the soul is renewed, as of the earth in the spring; and then it is time to bestir ourselves, that we may not lose the gleam, not lose the gale; for nothing is done acceptably but what grace does, Heb. xii.

The Nineteenth Century4 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

While the king sitteth at his table - במסבו bimsibbo, in his circle, probably meaning the circle of his friends at the marriage festivals, or a round table.
THIS passage may be read in several ways. Literally, when Christ tabled among men, when He did eat and drink with them, being found in fashion as a Man, the loving Spirit broke the alabaster box of precious ointment on His head while the King was sitting at His table. Three times did the Church thus anoint her Lord, once His head and twice His feet, as if she remembered His threefold office and the threefold anointing which He had received of God the Father to confirm and strengthen Him.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

What grace that a table should be prepared for us, while still militant (Ps 23:5)! my spikenard--not boasting, but owning the Lord's grace to and in her. The spikenard is a lowly herb, the emblem of humility. She rejoices that He is well pleased with her graces, His own work (Php 4:18).
THIS passage may be read in several ways. Literally, when Christ tabled among men, when He did eat and drink with them, being found in fashion as a Man, the loving Spirit broke the alabaster box of precious ointment on His head while the King was sitting at His table. Three times did the Church thus anoint her Lord, once His head and twice His feet, as if she remembered His threefold office and the threefold anointing which He had received of God the Father to confirm and strengthen Him. So she rendered Him the threefold anointing of her grateful love, breaking the alabaster box and pouring the precious ointment upon His head and upon His feet. Beloved, let us imitate the example of those who have gone before. Though we cannot, as the weeping penitent, wash His feet with our tears, or wipe them with the hairs of our head, like that gracious woman—we may be cautious of nothing, of fair adornments, or fond endowments—if we can but serve His cause or honor His Person. Let us be willing to "pour contempt on all our pride," and "nail our glory to His Cross." Have you anything tonight that is dear to you? Resign it to Him! Have you any costly thing like an alabaster box hidden away? Give it to the King! He is worthy and when you have fellowship with Him at His table, let your gifts be brought forth. Offer unto the King thanksgiving and pay your vows unto the Most High. But the King is gone from earth. He is seated at His table in Heaven, eating bread in the Kingdom of God. Surrounded now not by publicans and harlots, but by cherubim and seraphim, not by mocking crowds, but by adoring hosts, the King sits at His table and entertains the glorious company of the faithful—the Church of the Firstborn, whose names are written in Heaven! He fought before He could rest.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

While the king was at his table. The congregation of Yisroel replies and says, “All this is true. You bestowed good upon me, but I repaid You with evil, for while the King was still at the table of His wedding banquet..” 47 At Mount Sinai.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Song of Songs 1:12:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
Circlets of gold we will make for you. I and My tribunal decided before Pharaoh’s arrival that I should entice him and harden his heart to pursue you with all the best of his hidden treasures; so that we should make circlets of golden ornaments for you.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Song of Songs 1:11:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

6 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • עַד־until

    ʾad-H5704 →1261 times

  • שֶׁ֤הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙that the king

    shehamelekhH4428 →2525 times

  • בִּמְסִבּ֔וֹ[was] at table his

    bimsiboH4524 →

  • נִרְדִּ֖יnard my

    nirdiH5373 →3 times

  • נָתַ֥ןit gave forth

    natanH5414 →2011 times

  • רֵיחֽוֹ׃odor its

    reichoH7381 →58 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Revelation 3:20

    Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in and dine with him, and he with Me.

    it leads to

    • Luke 12:36–37

      Then you will be like servants waiting for their master to return from the wedding banquet, so that when he comes and knocks, they can open the door for him at once.

    • Revelation 19:9

      Then the angel told me to write, “Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.” And he said to me, “These are the true words of God.”

    • John 14:21–23

      Whoever has My commandments and keeps them is the one who loves Me. The one who loves Me will be loved by My Father, and I will love him and reveal Myself to him.”

    • Matthew 24:33

      So also, when you see all these things, you will know that He is near, right at the door.

    • Song of Solomon 5:2–4

      I sleep, but my heart is awake. A sound! My beloved is knocking: “Open to me, my sister, my darling, my dove, my flawless one. My head is drenched with dew, my hair with…

  • Through

    John 12:3

    Then Mary took about a pint of expensive perfume, made of pure nard, and she anointed Jesus’ feet and wiped them with her hair. And the house was filled with the fragrance of the…

    it leads to

    • John 11:2

      (Mary, whose brother Lazarus was sick, was to anoint the Lord with perfume and wipe His feet with her hair.)

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Matthew 26:6–13

      While Jesus was in Bethany in the home of Simon the Leper,

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Mark 14:3–9

      While Jesus was in Bethany reclining at the table in the home of Simon the Leper, a woman came with an alabaster jar of expensive perfume, made of pure nard. She broke open the…

Where this verse is studied

On this page

Studies2

About Song of Solomon

The Beloved or The Bride, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, between 1865 and 1866. Public domain.
The Beloved or The Bride, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, between 1865 and 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 15 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Augustine of Hippo, ON THE TRINITY 1:8.16; Bede, Homilies on the Gospels 2:4; Bede, Commentary on the Song of Songs; Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 42; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3480: “Fragrant Graces” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on the Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Against Jovinianus 1.30; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Robert of Tombelaine, Commentary on the Song of Songs, Chapter 1 and Theodoret of Cyrus, COMMENTARY ON THE SONG OF SONGS 1.