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Proverbs 31:6

in Proverbs 31

Give strong drink to one who is perishing, and wine to the bitter in soul.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, And wine unto the bitter in soul:

KJV

Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts.

This verse in Proverbs 31

Commentary

14 notes on this verse

A commentator

Gregory of Nyssa

FUNERAL ORATION ON MELETIUS · Written before 395.

Moreover console each other with the following words; it is a good medicine that Solomon has for sorrow; for he bids wine be given to the sorrowful; saying this to us, the labourers in the vineyard: "Give," therefore, "your wine to those that are in sorrow," not that wine which produces drunkenness, plots against the senses, and destroys the body, but such as gladdens the heart, the wine which the Prophet recommends when he says: "Wine maketh glad the heart of man."

This site's exposition

It is not for kings

on Proverbs 31:4-7

"It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine," since a ruler who judges cannot afford a clouded mind. The same drink that unfits a king for justice is offered as mercy to a man with nothing left to judge.

This site's exposition

Give strong drink to one who is perishing

Clarke says strong drink was given to the condemned who were perishing, to dull their pain, and that Jesus refused such a drink. Gregory of Nyssa gives the verse to mourners bitter in soul. Henry calls wine a cordial for need alone.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

John Cassian

CONFERENCE 14:17 · Written before 435.

proposed

"Give strong drink to those who are in gloom and wine to those who are sad so that they may forget their poverty and be reminded no more of their grief." What [Solomon] means is this. To those filled with bitter regret and sadness over their earlier lives give abundantly the joy of spiritual knowledge like "a wine which gladdens the heart of a man." Warm them with the headiness of saving words lest they sink into gloom and deadly despair.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

HOMILIES ON GENESIS 29:6 · Written before 407.

proposed

"Let people in distress have wine and those in pain strong drink," which shows that nothing can prove such a good remedy for depression as recourse to this, aside from the fact that in some cases intemperance undermines the benefit coming from it.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

HOMILIES ON EPHESIANS 19:5.17 · Written before 407.

proposed

Wine has been given us for cheerfulness, not for drunkenness. Whereas now it appears to be an unmanly and contemptible thing for a man not to get drunk. And what sort of hope then is there of salvation? … Wouldest thou know where wine is good? Hear what the Scripture saith, "Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto the bitter in soul." And justly, because it can mitigate asperity and gloominess, and drive away clouds from the brow. "Wine maketh glad the heart of man," says the Psalmist. How then does wine produce drunkenness? For it cannot be that one and the same thing should work opposite effects. Drunkenness then surely does not arise from wine, but from intemperance. Wine is bestowed upon us for no other purpose than for bodily health; but this purpose also is thwarted by immoderate use. But hear moreover what our blessed Apostle writes and says to Timothy, "Use a little wine for thy stomach's sake, and thine often infirmities."

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Proverbs · Written before 735.

proposed

Give strong drink to those who are sorrowful, etc. Let them drink and forget their poverty, and remember their sorrow no more. Strong drink and wine in this place signify the supernal consolation of divine wisdom, which is to be exhibited to those hearts that …

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

But the scope of the place is to show that wine is a cordial, and therefore to be used for want and not for wantonness, by those only that need cordials, as Timothy, who is advised to drink a little wine, only for his stomach's sake and his often infirmities, 1 Tim. v. 23 .
6 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish,....

The Nineteenth Century5 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish - We have already seen, that inebriating drinks were mercifully given to condemned criminals, to render them less sensible of the torture they endured in dying. This is what was offered to our Lord; but he refused it. See note on Psa 104:15.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

The proper use of such drinks is to restore tone to feeble bodies and depressed minds (compare Ps 104:15). Open . . . cause--Plead for those who cannot plead for themselves, as the orphan, stranger, &c. (compare Ps 72:12; Isa 1:17). appointed to destruction--who are otherwise ruined by their oppressors (compare Pr 29:14, 16).
THESE somewhat singular sentences were spoken by the mother of Lemuel to her son, who was probably Solomon. She had already said to him, "It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink: lest they drink and forget the Law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted."
THESE somewhat singular sentences were spoken by the mother of Lemuel to her son, who was probably Solomon. She had already said to him, "It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink: lest they drink and forget the Law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted." But such a king as Solomon must have had an abundant store of wine of all kinds, so his mother urged him to give it to the sick and the sad and the poor who needed it more than he did. The Jews were in the habit of giving a cup of strong drink, usually with some potent drug in it, to stupefy those who were about to be executed. Perhaps that is the meaning of the words, "Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish." We know, too, how persons who have been very weak and ill, on the very borders of the grave, have often been medicinally relieved by wine given to them which they could not possibly purchase for themselves. I believe this is the literal meaning of the text and that if any man should be wicked enough to draw from it the inference that he would be able to forget his misery and poverty by drinking—he would soon find himself woefully mistaken, for if he had one misery before—he would have 10 miseries afterwards! And if he were previously poor, he would be in still greater poverty afterwards. Those who fly to the bottle for consolation might as soon fly to Hell to find a Heaven and, instead of helping them to forget their poverty, drunkenness would only sink them still more deeply in the mire! I am going to use my text spiritually, for I believe it has a far deeper meaning than that which glistens upon its surface.
The true purpose of the power of wine over man’s mind and body, as a restorative and remedial agent. Compare the margin reference. The same thought showed itself in the Jewish practice of giving a cup of wine to mourners, and (as in the history of the crucifixion) to criminals at their execution.

The words behind it

6 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • תְּנוּ־give

    tenu-H5414 →2011 times

  • שֵׁכָ֣רstrong drink

    shekharH7941 →23 times

  • לְאוֹבֵ֑דto [one who] is perishing

    leovedH6 →184 times

  • וְ֝יַיִןand wine

    veyayinH3196 →141 times

  • לְמָ֣רֵיto [people] bitter of

    lemareiH4751 →37 times

  • נָֽפֶשׁ׃soul

    nafeshH5315 →754 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    1 Samuel 1:10

    In her bitter distress, Hannah prayed to the LORD and wept with many tears.

    it leads to

    • Job 7:11

      Therefore I will not restrain my mouth; I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul.

    • Luke 22:44

      And in His anguish, He prayed more earnestly, and His sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground.

    • Job 10:1

      “I loathe my own life; I will express my complaint and speak in the bitterness of my soul.

    • Psalms 91:15

      When he calls out to Me, I will answer him; I will be with him in trouble. I will deliver him and honor him.

    • Hebrews 5:7

      During the days of Jesus’ earthly life, He offered up prayers and petitions with loud cries and tears to the One who could save Him from death, and He was heard because of His…

  • Through

    Psalms 104:15

    wine that gladdens the heart of man, oil that makes his face to shine, and bread that sustains his heart.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 23:5

      You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows.

    • Ecclesiastes 9:7

      Go, eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a cheerful heart, for God has already approved your works:

    • Ecclesiastes 10:19

      A feast is prepared for laughter, and wine makes life merry, but money is the answer for everything.

Where this verse is studied

About Proverbs

The Judgment of Solomon, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
The Judgment of Solomon, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Bede, Commentary on Proverbs; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3236: “The Gospel Cordial” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Gregory of Nyssa, FUNERAL ORATION ON MELETIUS; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Cassian, CONFERENCE 14:17; John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON GENESIS 29:6; John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON EPHESIANS 19:5.17; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.