Psalm 26
12 verses · KJVPsalms book hub →
Key verse
Judge me, O Lord; for I have walked in mine integrity: I have trusted also in the Lord; therefore I shall not slide.
The chapter
Chapter summary
'Judge me, O Jehovah, for I have walked in mine integrity.' David invites examination ('try my heart and my mind') and describes the separated life: he has not sat with men of falsehood, hates the assembly of evil-doers, washes his hands in innocency and compasses Jehovah's altar. 'Jehovah, I love the habitation of thy house, and the place where thy glory dwelleth.' Gather not my soul with sinners; my foot standeth in an even place.
Context
Poetry · David, Asaph, Sons of Korah, others · Psalms overview
Where the chapter sits
Psalms 26 falls in Book I: Davidic core (chapters 1–41). Ps 1 (Torah-delight) + Ps 2 (messianic enthronement) as intentional introduction; Davidic dominance; Torah-praise Psalms 1 and 19; six penitential / lament clusters. Doxology at 41:13.
After it: Book II: Davidic + Korahite, chapters 42–72.
The whole shape of Psalms→The world behind this chapter
Psalms 26The history
"I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar" describes two visible acts. Israel's law prescribed a hand-washing rite when a body was found in open country and no killer could be identified: the elders of the nearest town washed their hands over a sacrificed heifer and declared publicly that their hands had not shed this blood. Washing hands was a legal statement anyone watching could read.
Priests also washed at a bronze basin before serving at the altar, and the psalm's "compass thine altar" pictures a worshiper moving around the altar in procession while telling aloud what God has done, the standard shape of a thanksgiving offering, which included a public recitation.
The rest of the history, and what it meant to them
"Examine me, O Lord, and prove me; try my reins and my heart" uses metal-testing words again, assay me. The reins are the kidneys, which Hebrew thought treated as the seat of the deepest impulses, the part of a person no one else can inspect.
The list of company he has refused, vain persons, dissemblers, evildoers, the wicked, bloody men whose right hand is full of bribes, is a courtroom list. A bribe in the right hand is the picture of justice bought at the gate, which the Law names repeatedly because it was the standard way the powerful won.
What it meant to them
The psalm is not a man claiming to be sinless; he asks for redemption and mercy in the same breath. He is claiming to be innocent of the charge in front of him.
For Israelites, that distinction mattered. There was a place to take a slander you could not disprove, and a rite to make your answer visible: hands washed, altar circled, the story told out loud where God's honor dwells.
Sources cited
- Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 26
- Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions
A. Verses 1 to 12
1. (vv. 1-3)
a.David asks the LORD to try him, and names his heart and mind as the ground of the trial. Gill and Henry read walked with integrity as sincerity of purpose, a single loyalty to God. His confidence rests on the loving devotion kept before his eyes.
Psalms 26:1, 4 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.
Psalms 26:1
“The petition for judgment does indeed appear to be dangerous, but a separation from evil people is recognized to be an appropriate request from one who is well deserving. Therefore this request does not arise from the detestable pride in merits, but it is the …”
Cassiodorus· written before 585· EXPLANATION OF THE PSALMS 26:1patristic
Psalms 26:1
“Judge me, O Jehovah. A solemn appeal to the just tribunal of the heart searching God, warranted by the circumstances of the writer, so far as regarded the particular offences with which he was wrongly charged. Worried and worn out by the injustice of men, the innocent spirit flies from its false accusers to the throne of Eternal Right. He had need have a clear case who dares to carry his suit into the King's Bench of heaven.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:1
“Judge--decide on my case; the appeal of innocence. in mine integrity--freedom from blemish (compare Ps 25:21). His confidence of perseverance results from trust in God's sustaining grace.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Psalms 26:1
“Or thus: he cannot justify himself against the charge of sin; he owns his iniquity is great and he is undone if God, in his infinite mercy, do not forgive him; but he can justify himself against the charge of hypocrisy, and has reason to hope that, according to the tenour of the covenant of grace, he is one of those that may expect to find favour with God.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Psalms 26:2, 2 voices
Psalms 26:2
If need be, we will not only partake of the blessings of life but bear its appointed sorrows as a trial to our souls. For in this way is divine Scripture accustomed to speak of human afflictions, by which, as gold is tried in the fire, so the human spirit is tried and is found to be worthy either of condemnation or of praise.… We are therefore prepared and are ready to say, "Try me, O Lord, and prove me; purge my reins and my heart."
Origen of Alexandria· written before 253· AGAINST CELSUS 8:56patristic
Psalms 26:2
“There are three modes of trial here challenged, which are said in the original to refer to trial by touch, trial by smell, and trial by fire. The psalmist was so clear from the charge laid against him, that he submitted himself unconditionally to any form of examination which the Lord might see fit to employ. Examine me, O Lord. Look me through and through; make a minute survey; put me to the question, cross examine my evidence. And prove me.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:3, 2 voices
Psalms 26:3
“He seeks justice so that he may tell of mercy.”
Jerome· written before 420· BRIEF COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 25[26]patristic
Psalms 26:3
“For thy lovingkindness is before mine eyes. An object of memory and a ground of hope. A sense of mercy received sets a fair prospect before the faithful mind in its gloomiest condition, for it yields visions of mercies yet to come, visions not visionary but real. Dwell, dear reader, upon that celestial word lovingkindness. It has a heavenly savour. Is it not an unmatchable word, unexcelled, unrivalled?”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
2. (vv. 4-5)
a.David names the company he refuses, deceitful men and hypocrites who hide their intent. The mob of evildoers is wickedness gathered as a body. Barnes reads the hatred of verse 5 as aimed at that assembly.
Psalms 26:4, 3 voices
Psalms 26:4
“I have not sat with vain persons. True citizens have no dealings with traitors. David had no seat in the parliament of triflers. They were not his boon companions at feasts, nor his advisers in council, nor his associates in conversation. We must needs see, and speak, and trade, with men of the world, but we must on no account take our rest and solace in their empty society. Not only the profane, but the vain are to be shunned by us.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:4-5
“So far from being himself an open offender against the laws of God, the psalmist had not even associated with the lovers of evil. He had kept aloof from the men of Belial. A man is known by his company, and if we have kept ourselves apart from the wicked, it will always be evidence in our favour should our character be impugned. He who was never in the parish is not likely to have stolen the corn. He who never went to sea is clearly not the man who scuttled the ship.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:4-5
“In all this David was a type of Christ, who, though he received sinners and ate with them, to instruct them and do them good, yet, otherwise, was holy, harmless, undefiled, and separate from sinners, particularly from the Pharisees, those dissemblers.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Psalms 26:5, 2 voices
Psalms 26:5
“I have hated the congregation of evildoers,.... That do harm to the persons, characters, or properties of men; and who meet together in bodies, to consult and form schemes to do mischief, and have their assemblies to encourage each other in it; these, their works and actions, the psalmist hated, though not their persons; and showed his displicency at them, and dislike and disapprobation of them, by absenting from them; see Jer 15:17; and will not sit with the wicked; ungodly and unrighteous men, sons of Belial; for with such what fellowship and concord can there be?”
Psalms 26:5
“I have hated the congregation of evil doers. A severe sentence, but not too severe. A man who does not hate evil terribly, does not love good heartily. Men, as men, we must always love, for they are our neighbours, and therefore to be loved as ourselves; but evil doers, as such, are traitors to the Great King, and no loyal subject can love traitors. What God hates we must hate.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
3. (vv. 6-8)
a.Washing before the altar is priestly work, commanded at the laver in Exodus 30:17 to 21. David takes the picture for himself and goes about the altar with a voice of thanksgiving. He loves the house where God's glory resides.
Psalms 26:6, 3 voices
Psalms 26:6
“You have seen the deacon who gives to the priest water to wash, and to the presbyters who stand around God's altar. He gave it not at all because of bodily defilement; it is not that, for we did not enter the church at first with defiled bodies. But the washing of hands is a symbol that you ought to be pure from all sinful and unlawful deeds; for since the hands are a symbol of action, by washing them, it is evident, we represent the purity and blamelessness of our conduct.”
Cyril of Jerusalem· written before 386· MYSTAGOGICAL LECTURES 5:2patristic
Psalms 26:6
I will wash mine hands in innocency. He would publicly avow himself to be altogether clear of the accusations laid against him, and if any fault in other matters could be truthfully alleged against him, he would for the future abstain from it. The washing of the hands is a significant action to set forth our having no connection with a deed, as we still say, "I wash my hands of the whole business."
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:6
“Compass - Approach to thine altar with my sacrifices: which I could not do with any comfort, if I were conscious of those crimes, whereof mine enemies accuse me.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
Psalms 26:7, 1 voice
Psalms 26:7
“That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving. David was so far instructed that he does not mention the typical offering, but discerns the spiritual offering which was intended thereby, not the groans of bullocks, but songs of gratitude the spiritual worshipper presents. To sound abroad the worthy praises of the God of all grace should be the everyday business of a pardoned sinner. Let men slander us as they will, let us not defraud the Lord of his praises; let dogs bark, but let us like the moon shine on. And tell of all thy wondrous works.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:8, 3 voices
Psalms 26:8
“What he calls "the glory of your house" is not the beauty of walls or the most expensive table settings, but the most blessed quality of those actions in which the entire church rejoices: namely, the joyful singing of psalms, the holiness of prayers, the …”
Cassiodorus· written before 585· EXPLANATION OF THE PSALMS 26:8patristic
Psalms 26:8
“Lord, I have loved the habitation of thy house. Into the abodes of sin he would not enter, but the house of God he had long loved, and loved it still. We were sad children if we did not love our Father's dwelling place. Though we own no sacred buildings, yet the church of the living God is the house of God, and true Christians delight in her ordinances, services, and assemblies. O that all our days were Sabbaths! And the place where thine honour dwelleth.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:8
“House - Thy sanctuary and worship. honour - Thy glorious and gracious presence.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
4. (vv. 9-10)
a.David prays that he will not be swept away with sinners and men of bloodshed when God separates the two. Verse 10 names their trade, wicked schemes in the hand and bribes in the right hand. The law had already forbidden the bribe at Exodus 23:8.
Psalms 26:9, 1 voice
Psalms 26:9
“Gather not my soul with sinners. Lord, when, like fruit, I must be gathered, put me not in the same basket with the best of sinners, much less with the worst of them. The company of sinners is so distasteful to us here, that we cannot endure the thought of being bound up in the same bundle with them to all eternity. Our comfort is, that the Great Husbandman discerns the tares from the wheat, and will find a separate place for distinct characters.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:10, 2 voices
Psalms 26:10
“In whose hands is mischief,.... Every abominable wickedness; as idolatry, adultery, murder, &c. the word signifies and is sometimes used for mischief conceived in the mind, artificially devised and contrived there; here mischief committed, the hand being the instrument of action, and intends whatever is prejudicial to the person, character, and properties of men; and their right hand is full of bribes; whereby the eyes of judges are blinded, the words of the righteous perverted, men's persons respected, and judgment wrested, Deu 16:19.”
Psalms 26:10
“In whose hands is mischief. They have both hands full of it, plotting it and carrying it out. And their right hand, with which they are most dexterous, is full of bribes; like thieves who would steal with impunity, they carry a sop for the dogs of justice. He who gives bribes is every way as guilty as the man who takes them, and in the matter of our parliamentary elections the rich villain who give the bribe is by far the worse.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
5. (vv. 11-12)
a.The claim of verse 1 returns, now with a plea for redemption and mercy beside it. Level ground is firm footing, and David's feet stand on it. Verse 12 answers the fear of verse 9: his place is in the congregations, and there he blesses the LORD.
Psalms 26:11, 3 voices
Psalms 26:11
"Redeem me," means, make me free through the precious blood of your first advent by which the world was delivered when it was being held subject to sins. "And have mercy on me," that is to say, in his world, where you pardon those who …
Cassiodorus· written before 585· Explanation of the Psalms 26:11patristic
Psalms 26:11
“Here is the lover of godliness entering his personal protest against unrighteous gain. He is a Nonconformist, and is ready to stand alone in his Nonconformity. Like a live fish, he swims against the stream. Trusting in God, the psalmist resolves that the plain way of righteousness shall be his choice, and those who will, may prefer the tortuous paths of violence and deceit. Yet, he is by no means a boaster, or a self righteous vaunter of his own strength, for he cries for redemption and pleads for mercy.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:11-12
“The learned Amyraldus, in his argument of his psalm, suggests that David is here, by the spirit of prophecy, carried out to speak of himself as a type of Christ, of whom what he here says of his spotless innocence, was fully and eminently true, and of him only, and to him we may apply it in singing this psalm. "We are complete in him." Devout Appeals.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Psalms 26:12, 2 voices
Psalms 26:12
“The song began in the minor, but it has now reached the major key. Saints often sing themselves into happiness. The even place upon which our foot stands is the sure, covenant faithfulness, eternal promise and immutable oath of the Lord of Hosts; there is no fear of falling from this solid basis, or of its being removed from under us. Established in Christ Jesus, by being vitally united to him, we have nothing left to occupy our thoughts but the praises of our God.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 26:12
“Standeth - I stand upon a sure and solid foundation, being under the protection of God's promise, and his almighty and watchful providence. Congregations - I will not only privately, but in the assemblies of thy people celebrate thy praise.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Psalms 26. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on 11 works. Open for the list.
This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Psalms; Cassiodorus; Charles Spurgeon; Cyril of Jerusalem, MYSTAGOGICAL LECTURES 5:2; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); Jerome, BRIEF COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 25[26]; John Gill; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765); Matthew Henry and Origen of Alexandria, AGAINST CELSUS 8:56.
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