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Psalms 91:2

in Psalms 91

I will say to the LORD, “You are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

I will say of Jehovah, He is my refuge and my fortress; My God, in whom I trust.

KJV

I will say of the Lord, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust.

This verse in Psalms 91

Commentary

14 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

Homily 20, on Psalm 90 · Written before 420.

He shall say to the Lord: You are my upholder and my refuge, my God. For many enemies pursue me: therefore you are my refuge. I will hope in him. He did not say, "I hope"; but, "I will hope." For as long as we sin, we do not hope: if we cease to sin, we hope.

This site's exposition

the shelter of the Most High

on Psalms 91:1-2

Two pictures open the psalm, the shelter of the Most High and the shadow of the Almighty. The Hebrew verb behind abide means to lodge for the night, so the shelter is where the man stays. Verse 2 makes it one man's confession to the LORD.

This site's exposition

my refuge and my fortress

The singer answers verse 1 in his own voice and gives God four titles in one breath: refuge, fortress, my God, the One he trusts. A refuge is a place to run to, and a fortress is a place that holds under siege. Trust makes both of them his.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

SERMON 49A · Written before 430.

proposed

"When the fullness of time had come, God sent his Son, made from a woman, made under the law." People are upset by "made from a woman," because we confess that he was born of a virgin. It is only of man that we confess he was made; God is always the one who makes, he cannot be made in order to be. God cannot be made; but he is made into, or becomes, something for someone, in the way in which it is said of him, "Lord, you have become (or have been made into) a refuge for us"; and, "The Lord has become (has been made) my helper." How many things he has been made into, though he never was made at all! Now the Lord Christ was made man, … in order for him who was always the creator to be a creature. While remaining God, you see, he became man in order to become what he was not, not in order to stop being what he was.

A commentator

Jerome

Homily 68, on Psalm 90 (Alternate Series) · Written before 420.

proposed

My refuge is my God. Beautifully he said, "refuge," for there are many persecutors, and you alone are a refuge. Many are the wounds, but you alone are the physician.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Exposition on Psalm 91 · Written before 430.

proposed

He then who so imitates Christ as to endure all the troubles of this world, with his hopes set upon God, that he falls into no snare, is broken down by no panic fears, he it is "who dwells under the defence of the Most High, who shall abide under the protection of God" [Psalm 91:1], in the words with which the Psalm, which you have heard and sung, begins. You will recognise the words, so well known, in which the devil tempted our Lord, when we come to them. "He shall say unto the Lord, You are my taker up, and my refuge: my God" [Psalm 91:2]. Who speaks thus to the Lord? "He who dwells under the defence of the Most High:" not under his own defence. Who is this? He dwells under the defence of the Most High, who is not proud, like those who ate, that they might become as Gods, and lost the immortality in which they were made. For they chose to dwell under a defence of their own, not under that of the Most High: thus they listened to the suggestions of the serpent, [Genesis 3:5] and despised the precept of God: and discovered at last that what God threatened, not what the devil promised, had come to pass in them.

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

): I will say of the Lord, whatever others say of him, " He is my refuge; I choose him as such, and confide in him. Others make idols their refuge, but I will say of Jehovah, the true and living God, He is my refuge: any other is a refuge of lies.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens+odd-straight-quotes

I will say of the Lord,....
6 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century6 voices

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 4 (1874)

I will say of the Lord, He is my refuge and my fortress. To take up a general truth and make it our own by personal faith is the highest wisdom. It is but poor comfort to say 'the Lord is a refuge, 'but to say he is my refuge, is the essence of consolation. Those who believe should also speak—"I will say ", for such bold avowals honour God and lead others to seek the same confidence.

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 4 (1874)

proposed

I will say of the Lord, He is my refuge and my fortress. To take up a general truth and make it our own by personal faith is the highest wisdom. It is but poor comfort to say 'the Lord is a refuge, 'but to say he is my refuge, is the essence of consolation. Those who believe should also speak—"I will say ", for such bold avowals honour God and lead others to seek the same confidence. Men are apt enough to proclaim their doubts, and even to boast of them, indeed there is a party nowadays of the most audacious pretenders to culture and thought, who glory in casting suspicion upon every thing: hence it becomes the duty of all true believers to speak out and testify with calm courage to their own well grounded reliance upon their God. Let others say what they will, be it ours to say of the Lord, "he is our refuge." But what we say we must prove by our actions, we must fly to the Lord for shelter, and not to an arm of flesh. The bird flies away to the thicket, and the fox hastens to its hole, every creature uses its refuge in the hour of danger, and even so in all peril or fear of peril let us flee unto Jehovah, the Eternal Protector of his own. Let us, when we are secure in the Lord, rejoice that our position is unassailable, for he is our fortress as well as our refuge. No moat, portcullis, drawbridge, wall, battlement and donjon, could make us so secure as we are when the attributes of the Lord of Hosts environ us around. Behold this day the Lord is to us instead of walls and bulwarks! Our ramparts defy the leagured hosts of hell. Foes in flesh, and foes in ghostly guise are alike balked of their prey when the Lord of Hosts stands between us and their fury, and all other evil forces are turned aside. Walls cannot keep out the pestilence, but the Lord can. As if it were not enough to call the Lord his refuge and fortress, he adds, My God! in him will I trust.
IF YOU were to find honey in a tree and should wish to give some of it to your friends, I can imagine you cautiously taking it up in your hands, carrying it very carefully—and yet, when you reached the company, you would find, to your sorrow, a large part of it would have oozed out between your fingers—so that you had failed to convey to others what was so delicious to yourself.
IF YOU were to find honey in a tree and should wish to give some of it to your friends, I can imagine you cautiously taking it up in your hands, carrying it very carefully—and yet, when you reached the company, you would find, to your sorrow, a large part of it would have oozed out between your fingers—so that you had failed to convey to others what was so delicious to yourself. I fear I shall be in the same condition when this sermon is done and, therefore, I am the more eager to assure you at the beginning that the honey which I wish you to partake of is, indeed, of the very richest kind! My text has been, to my own heart, sweeter than honey and the honeycomb! Have you ever been in the Alps, or in some other region where the scenery is peculiarly impressive? And has there happened a singular conjunction of sun and cloud, of brightness and shadow which has made the view before you to be transcendently sublime, or surpassingly beautiful? If so, when you have reached your companions, you have tried to tell them what you have seen, but in proportion as the scene has been exquisite and charming, you have been conscious of your inability to convey to them any satisfactory idea of the spectacle. If it had been a commonplace affair you could have accomplished the description and conveyed your impression of it to other minds. But because of its being so altogether superior and out of the common way, you have failed, after the most earnest endeavors, to succeed, and you have exclaimed, "Ah, you should have been there, yourselves! Had you seen with your own eyes, you would then have understood my descriptions. But now the task of description is hopeless.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

I will say of the Lord - This is my experience: “He is my fortress, and in him will I continually trust.”
I will say of the Lord - I, the psalmist; I will take this to myself; I will endeavor to secure this blessedness; I will thus abide with God. In view of the blessedness of this condition, and with the hope of securing it to myself; I will adopt this resolution as the purpose of my life. It is what I need; it is what my soul desires. My refuge and my fortress - “I will say of Jehovah, My refuge and my fortress!” I will address him as such; I will regard him as such. On the meaning of these terms, see the notes at Psa 18:2. My God - I will address him as my God; as the God whom alone I worship; as the only being to whom the name “God” can properly be applied; as being to me all that is implied in the word God. In him will I trust - I will repose that confidence in him which is evinced by making my home with him, and seeking permanently to dwell with him.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

He who dwells in the covert of the Most High He who takes shelter in the covert of the wings of the Shechinah.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Psalms 91:1:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 7 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

7 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • אֹמַ֗רI will say

    ʾomarH559 →5305 times

  • לַֽ֭יהוָהof Yahweh

    layahwehH3068 →6520 times

  • מַחְסִ֣יrefuge my

    machsiH4268 →20 times

  • וּמְצוּדָתִ֑יand stronghold my

    umetzudatiH4686 →21 times

  • אֱ֝לֹהַ֗יGod my

    ʾelohaiH430 →2601 times

  • אֶבְטַח־[whom] I trust

    ʾevtach-H982 →120 times

  • בּֽוֹ׃in him

    bo

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Proverbs 18:10

    The name of the LORD is a strong tower; the righteous run to it and are safe.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 144:2

      He is my steadfast love and my fortress, my stronghold and my deliverer. He is my shield, in whom I take refuge, who subdues peoples under me.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • 2 Samuel 22:3

      My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation. My stronghold, my refuge, and my Savior, You save me from violence.

    • Isaiah 26:4

      Trust in the LORD forever, because GOD the LORD is the Rock eternal.

    • Psalms 61:3–4

      For You have been my refuge, a tower of strength against the enemy.

  • Through

    Isaiah 12:2

    Surely God is my salvation; I will trust and not be afraid. For the LORD GOD is my strength and my song, and He also has become my salvation.”

    it leads to

    • Psalms 27:1

      The LORD is my light and my salvation— whom shall I fear? The LORD is the stronghold of my life— whom shall I dread?

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Exodus 15:2

      The LORD is my strength and my song, and He has become my salvation. He is my God, and I will praise Him, my father’s God, and I will exalt Him.

    • Psalms 118:14

      The LORD is my strength and my song, and He has become my salvation.

  • Through

    Psalms 18:2

    The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 62:7

      My salvation and my honor rest on God, my strong rock; my refuge is in God.

Where this verse is studied

About Psalms

Masada on the Dead Sea. Edward Lear, 1858. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
Masada on the Dead Sea. Edward Lear, 1858. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
This page draws on 12 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, SERMON 49A; Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 91; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 4; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1297: “My God” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jerome, Homily 20, on Psalm 90; Jerome, Homily 68, on Psalm 90 (Alternate Series); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.