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Psalms 114:1

in Psalms 114

When Israel departed from Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of foreign tongue,

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

When Israel went forth out of Egypt, The house of Jacob from a people of strange language;

KJV

When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange language;

This verse in Psalms 114

Commentary

9 notes on this verse
When Israel went out of Egypt,.... The people of Israel in a body, publicly, openly, and not by stealth; freely and willingly, not forced and drove out; though urged by the Egyptians to go, through the hand of God upon them; and so went out with the mighty hand and outstretched arm of the Lord, and with great riches, and in health, not one feeble or sick among them.

This site's exposition

a people of foreign tongue

on Psalms 114:1-2

Israel leaves Egypt and a people whose tongue was foreign to it. Judah becomes God's sanctuary and Israel His dominion, so the people themselves are the place He dwells and the ground He rules. God's dwelling here is a people.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Exposition on Psalm 114 · Written before 430.

proposed

"When Israel came out of Egypt, and the house of Jacob from among the strange people" [Psalm 114:1], "Judah was His sanctuary, and Israel His dominion" [Psalm 114:2]; "the sea saw that and fled, Jordan was driven back" [Psalm 114:3]. Think not that past deeds are related unto us, but rather that the future is predicted; since, while those miracles also were going on in that people, things present indeed were happening, but not without an intimation of things future....Some things he has related differently to what we have learned and read there: that he might not truly be thought to be repeating past acts rather than to be prophesying future things. For in the first place, we read not that the Jordan was driven back, but that it stood still on the side nearest the source of its streams, while the people were passing through; next, we read not of the mountains and hills skipping: all which he has added, and repeated. For after saying, "The sea saw that, and fled; Jordan was driven back:" he added, "The mountains skipped like rams, and the little hills like young sheep" [Psalm 114:4]: and then asks, "What ails you, O thou sea, that you fled, and thou, Jordan, that you were driven back?" [Psalm 114:5]. "You mountains, that you skipped like rams; and you little hills, like young sheep?" [Psalm 114:6].

The Nineteenth Century4 voices

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 5 (1878)

When Israel went out of Egypt. The song begins with a burst, as if the poetic fury could not be restrained, but overleaped all bounds. The soul elevated and filled with a sense of divine glory cannot wait to fashion a preface, but springs at once into the middle of its theme. Israel emphatically came out of Egypt, out of the population among whom they had been scattered, from under the yoke of bondage, and from under the personal grasp of the king who had made the people into national slaves.

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 5 (1878)

proposed

When Israel went out of Egypt. The song begins with a burst, as if the poetic fury could not be restrained, but overleaped all bounds. The soul elevated and filled with a sense of divine glory cannot wait to fashion a preface, but springs at once into the middle of its theme. Israel emphatically came out of Egypt, out of the population among whom they had been scattered, from under the yoke of bondage, and from under the personal grasp of the king who had made the people into national slaves. Israel came out with a high hand and a stretched out arm, defying all the power of the empire, and making the whole of Egypt to travail with sore anguish, as the chosen nation was as it were born out of its midst. The house of Jacob from a people of strange language. They had gone down into Egypt as a single family— "the house of Jacob"; and, though they had multiplied greatly, they were still so united, and were so fully regarded by God as a single unit, that they are rightly spoken of as the house of Jacob. They were as one man in their willingness to leave Goshen; numerous as they were, not a single individual stayed behind. Unanimity is a pleasing token of the divine presence, and one of its sweetest fruits. One of their inconveniences in Egypt was the difference of languages, which was very great. The Israelites appear to have regarded the Egyptians as stammerers and babblers, since they could not understand them, and they very naturally considered the Egyptians to be barbarians, as they would no doubt often beat them because they did not comprehend their orders. The language of foreign taskmasters is never musical in an exile's ear. How sweet it is to a Christian who has been compelled to hear the filthy conversation of the wicked, when at last he is brought out from their midst to dwell among his own people!
IF I were to put to you the question, "Do you pray?" the answer would be very quickly given by every Christian person, "Of course I do." Suppose I then added, "And do you pray every day?" the prompt reply would be, "Yes, many times in the day. I could not live without prayer." This is no more than I expect and I will not ask the question. But let me change the enquiry and ask, "Do you bless God every day? Is praise as certain and constant a practice with you as prayer?" I am not sure that the answer would be quite so certain, so general, or so prompt. You would have to stop a little while before you gave the reply and, I fear in some cases, when the reply did come, it would be, "I am afraid I have been negligent in praise." Well, then, dear Friend, have you not been wrong? Should we omit praise any more than we omit prayer? And should not praise come daily and as many times in the day as prayer does? It strikes me that to fail in praise is as unjustifiable as to fail in prayer! I shall leave it with your own heart and conscience, when you have asked and answered the question, to see to it in the future that far more of the sweet frankincense of praise is mingled with your daily oblation of devotion. Praise is certainly not at all so common in family prayer as other forms of worship. We cannot, all of us, praise God in the family by joining in song, because we are not all able to raise a tune, but it would be well if we could. I agree with Matthew Henry when he says, "They that pray in the family do well; they that pray and read the Scriptures do better; but they that pray, read and sing do best of all." There is a completeness in that kind of family worship which is much to be desired. Whether in the family or not, yet personally and privately, let us endeavor to be filled with God's praise and with His honor all the day.
IF I were to put to you the question, "Do you pray?" the answer would be very quickly given by every Christian person, "Of course I do." Suppose I then added, "And do you pray every day?" the prompt reply would be, "Yes, many times in the day. I could not live without prayer." This is no more than I expect and I will not ask the question. But let me change the enquiry and ask, "Do you bless God every day? Is praise as certain and constant a practice with you as prayer?"
2 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

A people of strange language - This may mean no more than a barbarous people; a people whom they did not know, and who did not worship their God. But it is a fact that the language of the Egyptians in the time of Joseph was so different from that of the Hebrews that they could not understand each other. See Psa 81:5; Gen 42:23. The Chaldee has here מעמי ברבראי meammey barbarey, which gives reason to believe that the word is Chaldee, or more properly Phoenician. See this word fully explained in the note on Act 28:2 (note). My old Psalter understood the word as referring to the religious state of the Egyptians: In gangyng of Isrel oute of Egipt, of the house of Jocob fra hethen folke.
When Israel went out of Egypt - literally, “In the going out of Israel from Egypt.” This is not to be confined to the exact act of the exodus, but embraces all that properly entered into that migration - the whole train of events which resuited in their being brought into the promised land. The house of Jacob - The family of Jacob - a name appropriately used here, since it was the family of Jacob that had gone down into Egypt, and that had increased to these great numbers. From a people of strange language - Speaking a foreign or a barbarian tongue. See the notes at Psa 81:5.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

a people of a strange tongue With another language, which is not the Holy Tongue. A similar expression is (Isa.:19): “A people of a strange tongue you shall not see, a people of speech too obscure, etc.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Psalms 114:1:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
3 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
On Israel's leaving Egypt, the house of Jacob from barbarian nation s,
Targum · Aramaic Targum to Psalms 114:1, via Sefaria, Sefaria Community Translation
Judah became His holy nation He took Judah as the lot of His portion and His sanctity, and even they sanctified His name when they descended into the sea, as the matter that is stated (above: 28): “the princes of Judah pelt them with stones.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Psalms 114:2:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
the assembly of the house of Judah was taken for His holiness, Israel for His rule.
Targum · Aramaic Targum to Psalms 114:2, via Sefaria, Sefaria Community Translation

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

7 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • בְּצֵ֣אתwhen went out

    betzetH3318 →1067 times

  • יִ֭שְׂרָאֵלIsrael

    yisraelH3478 →2507 times

  • מִמִּצְרָ֑יִםfrom Egypt

    mimitzrayimH4714 →641 times

  • בֵּ֥ית[the] house of

    beitH1004 →2046 times

  • יַ֝עֲקֹ֗בJacob

    yaakoH3290 →350 times

  • מֵעַ֥םfrom a people

    meamH5971 →1873 times

  • לֹעֵֽז׃speaking a foreign language

    loezH3937 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Exodus 13:3

    So Moses told the people, “Remember this day, the day you came out of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; for the LORD brought you out of it by the strength of His…

    it leads to

    • Deuteronomy 24:18

      Remember that you were slaves in Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you from that place. Therefore I am commanding you to do this.

    • Deuteronomy 5:15

      Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and that the LORD your God brought you out of there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. That is why the…

    • Exodus 20:2

      “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.

    • Deuteronomy 16:12

      Remember that you were slaves in Egypt, and carefully follow these statutes.

    • Deuteronomy 5:6

      “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.

  • Through

    Isaiah 11:16

    There will be a highway for the remnant of His people who remain from Assyria, as there was for Israel when they came up from the land of Egypt.

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 19:23

      In that day there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria. The Assyrians will go to Egypt, and the Egyptians to Assyria. The Egyptians and Assyrians will worship together.

    • Isaiah 35:8–10

      And there will be a highway called the Way of Holiness. The unclean will not travel it—only those who walk in the Way—and fools will not stray onto it.

  • Through

    Psalms 81:5

    He ordained it as a testimony for Joseph when he went out over the land of Egypt, where I heard an unfamiliar language:

    it leads to

    • Deuteronomy 28:49

      The LORD will bring a nation from afar, from the ends of the earth, to swoop down upon you like an eagle—a nation whose language you will not understand,

Where this verse is studied

About Psalms

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Psalms; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 114; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 5; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1902: “The Happy Duty of Daily Praise” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms and John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763).