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1 Samuel 5:3

in 1 Samuel 5

When the people of Ashdod got up early the next morning, there was Dagon, fallen on his face before the ark of the LORD. So they took Dagon and returned him to his place.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the ground before the ark of Jehovah. And they took Dagon, and set him in his place again.

KJV

And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the Lord. And they took Dagon, and set him in his place again.

This verse in 1 Samuel 5

Commentary

11 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

They of Ashdod arose early on the morrow - Probably to perform some act of their superstition in the temple of their idol. Dagon was fallen upon his face - This was one proof, which they little expected, of the superiority of the God of Israel. Set him in his place again - Supposing his fall might have been merely accidental.

This site's exposition

returned him to his place

on 1 Samuel 5:3-5

On the first morning Dagon lies “fallen on his face before the ark of the LORD”. On the second morning his head and hands lie broken off on the threshold, and “Only the torso remained”. Henry reads the two mornings as an idol's kingdom giving way before the ark.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

Theodoret of Cyrus

ON DIVINE PROVIDENCE 10.50-51 · Written before 458.

proposed

So Dagon who was adored as God by them (although he was a dumb, senseless idol) was made to fall before the ark, and God prepared to stage a spectacle for the spectators, so that the Philistines might perceive the difference between false god and …

A commentator

John Chrysostom

DISCOURSES AGAINST JUDAIZING CHRISTIANS 6.7.1 · Written before 407.

proposed

In short, if you believe the place is holy because the law and the books of prophets are there, then it is time for you to believe that idols and the temples of idols are holy. Once, when the Jews were at war, the people of Ashdod conquered them, took their ark and brought it into their own temple. Did the fact that it contained the ark make their temple a holy place? By no means! It continued to be profane and unclean, as the events immediately proved. For God wanted to teach the enemies of the Jews that the defeat was not due to God's weakness but to the transgressions of those who worshiped him. And so the ark, which had been taken as booty in war, gave proof of its own power in an alien land by twice throwing the idol to the ground so that the idol was broken. The ark was so far from making that temple a holy place that it even openly attacked it.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

DISCOURSE ON BLESSED BABYLAS 1.6 · Written before 407.

proposed

And now is not the first time, but he has performed these amazing marvels from time immemorial. It is not pertinent to enumerate them all; I shall mention what seems to resemble these events most closely. Once when the Jews waged war in Palestine with certain foreigners and the enemy was victorious and took the ark of God, they dedicated it as the choice part of the spoils to one of their local idols named Dagon; and, as soon as the ark was brought in, the statue fell down and lay on its face. Since they did not comprehend God's mighty power from this fall but set it up and again placed it on its pedestal, when they appeared the next day at dawn they observed that it was no longer simply fallen but also quite broken. The arms, detached from the shoulders, were flung onto the threshold of the temple, with the feet; and the rest of the statue was scattered in another place in pieces.… Therefore the place, which is able to exist for a long time, receives the blow and reminds each succeeding generation that those who do such things are ordained by law to suffer such things even if they do not pay the penalty at once; which is exactly what happened in the case of this temple.

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Samuel · Written before 735.

proposed

And when they rose early in the morning, etc. The signs of miracles becoming clear through the heralds of faith, the worship of idolatry fell away among those who were able to be converted to Christ; but, although it was betrayed and exposed, which is …

A commentator

Gregory the Dialogist

Commentary on 1 Kings, Book 3, Chapter 3 · Written before 604.

proposed

2. That is, in the temple, where the ark of God had been placed. What then does it mean to restore Dagon to his place, if not, in light of the already known truth of spiritual sacraments, to examine the state of idolatry with subtle consideration? And because the more subtly the error of idolatry is examined, the more truly it is condemned, it is added: (Verse 4.) And rising again at dawn, they found Dagon lying on his face before the ark of the Lord.
4 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

Down he comes before the ark, directly towards it (though the ark was set on one side of him), as it were, pointing to the conqueror, to whom he is constrained to yield and do homage. Note, The kingdom of Satan will certainly fall before the kingdom of Christ, error before truth, profaneness before godliness, and corruption before grace in the hearts of the faithful.
And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, Either the people, the inhabitants of the place, who came early to pay their devotions to their idol, before they went on their business; or the priests of the idol, who came to sacrifice in the morning: and, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the Lord; as if he was subject to it, and giving adoration to it, and owning it was above him, and had superior power over him: and they took Dagon, and set him in his place again; having no notion that it was owing to the ark of God, or to the God of Israel, that he was fallen, but that it was a matter of chance.

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

The Ark of the Lord was captured by the Philistines though it was guarded by all the men of arms that Israel could muster for the battle. It came to no hurt when it was surrounded by unarmed priests—although the times were exceedingly disturbed and perilous all through the dreary period of the Judges, yet never was the Ark a captive till it was protected by carnal weapons. When those whom God had ordained to take care of the Ark of the Covenant had it in their charge, it was safe enough.
The Ark of the Lord was captured by the Philistines though it was guarded by all the men of arms that Israel could muster for the battle. It came to no hurt when it was surrounded by unarmed priests—although the times were exceedingly disturbed and perilous all through the dreary period of the Judges, yet never was the Ark a captive till it was protected by carnal weapons. When those whom God had ordained to take care of the Ark of the Covenant had it in their charge, it was safe enough. But when the proud banners of the State and the warlike array of the nation formed the bodyguard of the sacred shrine, the Ark of God was taken. When the civil power was joined with the spiritual, and the arm of flesh came in to patronize and to take into connection with itself the arm of God's strength, then it was that the Ark was borne away in triumph by its foes! All through human history you will find the explanation of this instructive fact—leave God's Truth alone and it will take care of itself without the aid of kings and princes, laws or establishments, endowments or privileges. Only state the pure Truth of Revelation and it will force its own way. But garnish and adorn it by your eloquent language, or protect and guard it by your carnal wisdom and prudence—and the Truth of God goes into captivity. Leave the Church alone, O you kings and princes, or persecute it if you will, for it will laugh your opposition to scorn! Do not pretend to propagate its doctrines by the civil power, for this is the worst curse that can befall it! Take it under your patronage and the mere touch of your royal hands will create disease within it! Almost to the death has the so-called "Church" come down when her ministers, like Hophni and Phineas, have allied themselves with the temporal power, for God will do His work by His own instruments and in His own way.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

Beside Dagon. The idol was made in the form of a fish. 1 From the word דָג [=fish]. Some say that from the waist up it had a human form with hands, and from the waist down it looked like a fish.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Samuel 5:2:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 6 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

17 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיַּשְׁכִּ֤מוּand they rose early

    vaiyashkimuH7925 →65 times

  • אַשְׁדּוֹדִים֙[the] Ashdodites

    ʾashdodimH796 →

  • מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תfrom [the] next day

    mimochoratH4283 →32 times

  • וְהִנֵּ֣הand there!

    vehinehH2009 →843 times

  • דָג֗וֹןDagon

    dagonH1712 →13 times

  • נֹפֵ֤ל[was] fallen

    nofelH5307 →435 times

  • לְפָנָיו֙to face its

    lefanavH6440 →2123 times

  • אַ֔רְצָה[the] ground towards

    ʾartzahH776 →2504 times

  • לִפְנֵ֖י<to> before

    lifneiH6440 →2123 times

  • אֲר֣וֹן[the] ark of

    ʾaronH727 →202 times

  • יְהוָ֑הYahweh

    yahwehH3068 →6520 times

  • וַיִּקְחוּ֙and they took

    vaiyikchuH3947 →966 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • דָּג֔וֹןDagon

    dagonH1712 →13 times

  • וַיָּשִׁ֥בוּand they returned

    vaiyashivuH7725 →1056 times

  • אֹת֖וֹ<obj.> it

    ʾotoH853 →10935 times

  • לִמְקוֹמֽוֹ׃to place its

    limkomoH4725 →401 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Mark 3:11

    And when the unclean spirits saw Him, they fell down before Him and cried out, “You are the Son of God!”

    it leads to

    • Luke 4:41

      Demons also came out of many people, shouting, “You are the Son of God!” But He rebuked the demons and would not allow them to speak, because they knew He was the Christ.

    • Luke 8:28

      When the man saw Jesus, he cried out and fell down before Him, shouting in a loud voice, “What do You want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I beg You…

    • Mark 1:23–24

      Suddenly a man with an unclean spirit cried out in the synagogue:

    • Matthew 8:29

      “What do You want with us, Son of God?” they shouted. “Have You come here to torture us before the appointed time?”

    • James 2:19

      You believe that God is one. Good for you! Even the demons believe that—and shudder.

  • Through

    Isaiah 46:7

    They lift it to their shoulder and carry it along; they set it in its place, and there it stands, not budging from that spot. They cry out to it, but it does not…

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 45:20

      Come, gather together, and draw near, you fugitives from the nations. Ignorant are those who carry idols of wood and pray to a god that cannot save.

    • Jeremiah 10:5

      Like scarecrows in a cucumber patch, their idols cannot speak. They must be carried because they cannot walk. Do not fear them, for they can do no harm, and neither can they do any…

  • Through

    Isaiah 19:1

    This is the burden against Egypt: Behold, the LORD rides on a swift cloud; He is coming to Egypt. The idols of Egypt will tremble before Him, and the hearts of the Egyptians will…

    it leads to

    • Exodus 12:12

      On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn male, both man and beast, and I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt. I am…

Where this verse is studied

On this page

Studies2

About 1 Samuel

Anointing of David by Samuel, Félix-Joseph Barrias, 1842, Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris. Public domain.
Anointing of David by Samuel, Félix-Joseph Barrias, 1842, Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris. Public domain.
This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Bede, Commentary on Samuel; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1342: “Dagon's Ups and Downs” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Gregory the Dialogist, Commentary on 1 Kings, Book 3, Chapter 3; John Chrysostom, DISCOURSES AGAINST JUDAIZING CHRISTIANS 6.7.1; John Chrysostom, DISCOURSE ON BLESSED BABYLAS 1.6; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Theodoret of Cyrus, ON DIVINE PROVIDENCE 10.50-51.