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Psalms

Summary

Chapter summary

'Why standest thou afar off, O Jehovah?' The wicked man in his pride persecutes the poor, saying in his heart, 'God hath forgotten… he will never see it.' He lurks like a lion to catch the helpless. The psalmist calls: 'Arise, O Jehovah; O God, lift up thy hand.' God has seen: the helpless leaveth himself to him who is the helper of the fatherless. Jehovah is King for ever; the nations perish out of his land.

Context

Poetry · David, Asaph, Sons of Korah, othersPsalms overview

The world behind this chapter

Psalms 10
When
Date unstated; joined to Psalm 9 in the Hebrew acrostic and in the old Greek translation · No superscription; its alphabetic link to Psalm 9 suggests the same period and hand
Where
An Israelite village or town where a local strongman preys on the poor with no one to stop him
Who first heard it
Israelites who had watched a powerful neighbor take what he wanted and get away with it

The history

This psalm is about a local predator, not a foreign army. The ancient village economy ran on debt: a bad harvest meant borrowing seed grain, and a second bad harvest meant pledging your field, then your children, then yourself as a bondservant. A creditor with patience and no conscience could absorb his neighbors' land legally, one loan at a time.

The hunting language in verses 8–10 is exact. Lions in that region did not chase; they crouched in cover near a watering track and waited. Human hunters used nets — a weighted mesh dropped or drawn over game driven toward it. The oppressor here "lieth in wait secretly, as a lion in his den," then "catcheth the poor: he draweth him into his net."

"He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages" points at the unwalled settlements. Small farming hamlets had no gate, no wall, no garrison — Israel's law repeatedly singles out the fatherless, the widow, and the stranger because they were exactly the people with no clan strong enough to answer for them.

The predator's creed is quoted twice: "God hath forgotten: he hideth his face; he will never see it." This is not philosophical atheism. It is the working assumption of a man who has noticed that nothing has happened to him yet.

What it meant to them

The opening question — why standest thou afar off? — is the honest complaint of people watching the wrong side win. Israel's songbook printed it rather than tidying it away.

The answer given is not an explanation but a title: the Lord is King for ever and ever, and he hears the desire of the humble, "to judge the fatherless and the oppressed, that the man of the earth may no more oppress." The man of the earth is exactly that — dust with a big house.

Sources cited

  • Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 10
  • Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions

Every work MannaFest builds on →

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Psalms 10. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.