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2 Chronicles

Summary

Chapter summary

A summary of twenty years of building after the temple. Solomon fortifies the cities Huram gave back, builds Tadmor in the wilderness, store cities and cities for chariots and horsemen, and Baalath, 'and all that Solomon desired to build.' The remnant of the Canaanite peoples is set to bonded labor while the Israelites serve as soldiers and officers. Pharaoh's daughter is moved out of the city of David because 'the places are holy, whereunto the ark of Jehovah hath come.' The offerings are kept according to the commandment of Moses, and the courses of priests and Levites appointed 'according to the ordinance of David his father.' Ships go from Ezion-geber to Ophir and return with gold.

Context

History · Ezra2 Chronicles overview

  • A. 1–11 Cities built, labor levied, Pharaoh's daughter moved out
  • B. 12–18 Worship by the ordinance of Moses, and ships sent to Ophir

The outline

  1. A.Cities built, labor levied, Pharaoh's daughter moved outvv. 1 to 11

    Read vv. 1 to 11
  2. B.Worship by the ordinance of Moses, and ships sent to Ophirvv. 12 to 18

    Read vv. 12 to 18

The world behind this chapter

2 Chronicles 8
When
Solomon's building programme and trade · c. 959–946 BC, after the twenty years of building
Where
Store cities and chariot towns across the kingdom, and the port of Ezion-geber on the Gulf of Aqaba
Who first heard it
A people who no longer controlled their own roads, ports, or borders

The history

A store city was a fortified depot — granaries, oil and wine stores, and stabling — placed on a trade route or a frontier. Chariot cities held the horses and vehicles, which needed flat approaches and large stables. Tadmor, out in the desert north-east, was a caravan oasis on the route toward the Euphrates, and holding it meant holding a trade corridor.

The record about the cities Huram had given raises a difference with the account in Kings, where Solomon gives cities to Huram. The most common explanation is that they were pledged against the Tyrian loan and handed back after the account was settled, which Kings notes Huram was unhappy about.

The labor policy is stated carefully: the remaining Canaanite peoples were levied for the heavy work, but Solomon made no Israelites servants for his work — they were the soldiers, officers, and commanders instead. The distinction mattered enormously in Israelite law and would be the flashpoint of the next generation.

The fleet is the most striking item. Israel had no seafaring tradition and no natural harbor on the Mediterranean, so Solomon built ships at Ezion-geber on the Gulf of Aqaba, and Huram sent Phoenician crews who knew the sea. They sailed to Ophir and brought back gold.

Pharaoh's daughter is moved out of the house of David to a separate palace, because 'the places are holy where the ark of the LORD has come.' The marriage was a political alliance; the housing arrangement was a religious ruling on it.

What it meant to them

The chapter shows a nation at the height of its ordinary competence — depots stocked, borders garrisoned, ships trading, and the festival calendar of Moses kept without interruption at the new altar.

For a province whose ports, roads, and taxes belonged to Persia, it was a memory of self-government. And the closing verses insist the whole thing was ordered around the daily and yearly offerings, not around the trade.

Sources cited

  • K. A. Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament
  • John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews, and Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament

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The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on 2 Chronicles 8. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.